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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
The objective of this study was to conduct a standardized assessment of the Clothe the Solder (CTS) integrated load carriage system (LCS) pack, final design, on a computerized load carriage simulator. Specifically, the simulator measured variables which assess the load control & load transfer capability of the CTS integrated LCS pack. These aspects of pack design consisted of several displacement, force, moment, & pressure variables that had been validated on previously tested systems where simulator outputs were compared to assessments by experienced users during human trials. The CTS final design pack was evaluated without the CTS tactical assault vest. The simulator consisted of interchangeable anthropometrically weighted manikins covered with a skin-like surface, driven by computer controlled pneumatic activators programmed to elicit a walking displacement pattern. A trial consisted of measuring inertial properties & dimensions, loading the pack with a 25 kilo payload, mounting the pack, and balancing the moments. Five intervals of 10 seconds of data were recorded over a 1200 second period. By this approach, the pack was assessed on the initial setup and after a sustained period of walking. A pack stiffness jig was used to examine the resistance of the pack frame to motions in three planes. The CTS rucksack performance was compared to previously validated variables for load control & load balance from the simulator.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
The objective of this study was to conduct a standardized assessment of the Clothe the Solder (CTS) integrated load carriage system (LCS) pack, final design, on a computerized load carriage simulator. Specifically, the simulator measured variables which assess the load control & load transfer capability of the CTS integrated LCS pack. These aspects of pack design consisted of several displacement, force, moment, & pressure variables that had been validated on previously tested systems where simulator outputs were compared to assessments by experienced users during human trials. The CTS final design pack was evaluated without the CTS tactical assault vest. The simulator consisted of interchangeable anthropometrically weighted manikins covered with a skin-like surface, driven by computer controlled pneumatic activators programmed to elicit a walking displacement pattern. A trial consisted of measuring inertial properties & dimensions, loading the pack with a 25 kilo payload, mounting the pack, and balancing the moments. Five intervals of 10 seconds of data were recorded over a 1200 second period. By this approach, the pack was assessed on the initial setup and after a sustained period of walking. A pack stiffness jig was used to examine the resistance of the pack frame to motions in three planes. The CTS rucksack performance was compared to previously validated variables for load control & load balance from the simulator.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
In addition to the muscular effort required to carry a load, it has been found that the horizontal reaction force acting in the lumbar area is a major factor limiting the load carrying capacity of soldiers. Load transfer to the waist is an effective means to reduce high levels of contact pressure occurring at the shoulder straps and has been shown to reduce rucksack palsy incidence. In this study, an anthropometrically correct male manikin was split in the transverse plane at the level of the navel and instrumented with a six degree of freedom load cell to allow determination of the rucksack load applied to the shoulders & upper torso, independent of the load applied to the hips and lower trunk. Tests were conducted to determine the load transfer characteristics associated with adding lateral stiffness rods to the rucksack. Results are presented regarding the effect of the rods on reducing the vertical load applied to the upper back & shoulders.
Author: Joan M. Stevenson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of contributions by biomechanical testing to the design of the final Canadian Clothe the Soldier (CTS) load carriage (LC) system. The Load Carriage Simulator and Compliance tester were used during design of the CTS system for evaluation of: three fragmentation vests seven Tactical Vests and three iterations of the rucksack. Test data were compared to a data pool of previously tested systems. Results indicated that the objective measures helped the design team by: (1) understanding the consequences of various design changes; (2) predicting soldiers' responses to design changes in pressure, force and relative motion; (3) comparting this system objectively to other systems; and (4) providing information quickly so that ideas could be incorporated into the next design iteration. It was concluded that objective assessments added valuable information not easily interpreted from human trials. However, objective assessments cannot replace human trials for feedback on functionality and features.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
The objective of this study was to conduct a standardized assessment of the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Prototype K1 pack on a computerized Load Carriage (LC) Simulator to assess the load control and load transfer capability of the CTS K1 Pack. These aspects of pack design were comprised of displacement, force, moment and pressure variables that had been validated on previously tested systems where LC Simulator outputs were compared to assessments by experienced users during human trials. A trial consisted of measuring inertial properties and dimensions, loading the pack with a 25 kg payload, and mounting the pack and balancing the moments. Output variables were: three dimensional motions of the pack's center of gravity relative to the person's motion; forces and moments from a 6 degree of freedom load cell at the level of the hips; and average and peak skin pressures and skin forces over the anterior and posterior shoulders, and upper and lower back. To examine the resistance of the pack frame to torso motions in three planes, a pack LC stiffness compliance tester was developed. For load control, the CTS pack K1 ranked as superior in side to side, up and down and resultant (r) relative pack person motions. All other load control variables were not significantly different from other systems. For load transfer, the CTS K1 pack was inferior for dampening average forces in the vertical direction (z). The CTS Prototype Pack K1 showed typical stiffness characteristics in torsion and in lateral bending. It also demonstrated superior forward flexion stiffness which is correlated to good combined functional ratings where large movements are required, reduced posterior neck discomfort and reduced lower back discomfort.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
Standardized physical testing of load carriage systems allows for comparison between load carriage simulator measures, stiffness measures, and human performance measures from field trials. The objectives of this project were to develop benchmark criteria from a pool of backpack measures, and to use the correlation between human & simulator measures to establish threshold limit values for bearer safety. A Pearson correlation matrix with 76 total variables (39 simulator variables, 37 stiffness & field testing variables) was developed and results are presented to show which variables significantly correlated with human factors measurements. Variables of note include pack displacement, subject discomfort, force and moment averages & amplitudes, pressure measurements, stiffness about all three axes, and mobility & function in human trials. The findings support the use of standardized physical testing as a method of military load carriage evaluation.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
The objective of this study was to conduct a standardized assessment of the CTS prototype modular (M1) pack on a computerized Load Carriage (LC) Simulator. Specifically, the LC Simulator measured variables which assess load control and load transfer capability of the M1 pack. These aspects of pack design were comprised of several displacement, force, moment and pressure variables that had been validated on previously tested systems where LC Simulator outputs were compared to assessments by experienced users during human trials.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
The purpose of the Workshop on Advances in Personal Load Carriage was to bring together researchers with soldier mission command to exchange information between NATO countries on load carriage (LC) systems and ensure that research developments were in agreement with command expectations. A secondary purpose was to demonstrate the approach being taken by Canada, mainly the development of standardized testing protocols. Abstracts of the 15 papers delivered at the workshop are included in this report. Topics covered include LC research projects in various countries, the limitations of human LC, kit placement, LC assessment, user involvement in human factors design & evaluation, human trials testing of LC designs, biomechanical modelling, and optimal load distribution. At the closing of the meeting, participants completed focus group discussions identifying key design issues in load carriage and results are listed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
This report outlines the methods & results from First Assessment & Standardized Testing (FAST) standardized human trials for evaluation of load carriage systems (LCS). The results from these trials pertain to two areas of interest: information on subject preferences used for increasing the knowledge of LCS design quality and the effect of different designs & design interactions on human performance; and correlation of FAST human factors results with LCS simulator data. Specific areas of concern for this project included integration of marching orders, physical costs associated with the incorporation of fragmentation protection into the LCS, and the general performance of different marching & battle order designs. Four of the LCS were tested over the course of four consecutive trials, each involving 28 experienced military subjects who completed a five-kilometre march over level ground as well as tasks performed at each kilometre. Subject responses were elicited regarding comfort, fit, balance, manoeuvrability, & overall impressions of the LCS.
Author: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Research and Technology Organization. Human Factors and Medicine Panel. Specialists' Meeting Publisher: ISBN: 9789283710622 Category : Armed Forces Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Many NATO nations have soldier modernization programmes that aim to equip soldiers with fully-integrated state-of-the-art technologies that will enhance the five NATO soldier capability areas: lethality, protection, mobility, sustainability, and command and control. Military load carriage systems (LCS), which include clothing and personal areas. In particular, LCS are critical to soldier mobility and sustainability, and ultimately, to soldier performance and survival on the battlefield.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
This summary provides an overall perspective of progress throughout all contracts within two Canadian Forces soldier modernization programs: the Integrative Protective Clothing & Equipment (IPCE) project and the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Project. Each of these projects is described briefly and relevant outcomes are identified. The first three phases concerned a contract on the research & development of an Advanced Personal Load Carriage Measurement System. Work carried out included a literature review, development of load carriage measurement systems, design & validation of a load carriage simulator, evaluation of pack-based load carriage systems & sub-systems, and development of test protocols. The objective of phase IV, the IPCE project, was to improve measurement components and to develop a further understanding of specific factors that affect load carriage ability. Topics covered in this phase include development of a biomechanical model for load carriage assessment, parametric analysis of advanced load carriage systems, and analysis of human responses to load location in a backpack.
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Author: Joan M. Stevenson
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Author: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Research and Technology Organization. Human Factors and Medicine Panel. Specialists' Meeting
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