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Author: Ewald Aschauer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hybrid financial instruments are neither typical equity nor typical debt and often lead to classification conflicts, especially in cross-border-transactions. The use of hybrid financial instruments for intra-group financing offers the chance of possible double-non taxation. However a parent company that wishes to finance its foreign subsidiary via hybrid instruments faces uncertainties in multiple ways. The chance of double non-taxation is connected to the risk of misclassification and double taxation. The paper analyses the influence of the existence or non-existence of a double tax con-vention on the benefits of using hybrid finance. We therefore have modeled the influence of uncertainty with respect to tax law to these financial decision using probability trees. We find that the existence of a double tax convention does not necessarily reduce the expected total tax burden. In many cases, the expected tax burden is even higher.
Author: Ewald Aschauer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hybrid financial instruments are neither typical equity nor typical debt and often lead to classification conflicts, especially in cross-border-transactions. The use of hybrid financial instruments for intra-group financing offers the chance of possible double-non taxation. However a parent company that wishes to finance its foreign subsidiary via hybrid instruments faces uncertainties in multiple ways. The chance of double non-taxation is connected to the risk of misclassification and double taxation. The paper analyses the influence of the existence or non-existence of a double tax con-vention on the benefits of using hybrid finance. We therefore have modeled the influence of uncertainty with respect to tax law to these financial decision using probability trees. We find that the existence of a double tax convention does not necessarily reduce the expected total tax burden. In many cases, the expected tax burden is even higher.
Author: Sven-Eric Bärsch Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642324576 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
Despite the enormous diversity and complexity of financial instruments, the current taxation of hybrid financial instruments and the remuneration derived therefrom are characterized by a neat division into dividend-generating equity and interest-generating debt as well as by a coexistence of source- and residence-based taxation. This book provides a comparative analysis of the classification of hybrid financial instruments in the national tax rules currently applied by Australia, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands as well as in the relevant tax treaties and EU Directives. Moreover, based on selected hybrid financial instruments, mismatches in these tax classifications, which lead to tax planning opportunities and risks and thus are in conflict with the single tax principle, are identified. To address these issues, the author provides reform options that are in line with the dichotomous debt-equity framework, as he/she suggests the coordination of either tax classifications or tax treatments.
Author: Eva Eberhartinger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The neat division of company finance into equity and debt does not in reality do justice to the enormous diversity of financial instruments available. A wide variety of instruments incorporate elements of both equity and debt. Usually, these financial instruments are referred to as hybrid instruments, or mezzanine finance. Although hybrid instruments may be issued for a variety of non-tax reasons, taxation issues have a considerable impact on management's financing decisions with respect to hybrid instruments. Tax treatment of hybrid instruments varies among coutries. This may cause severe distortions to most countries efforts to ensure single taxation of the yield. The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of existing measures of international tax coordination (Double Taxation Conventions, EU Directives) in the field of cross-border intragroup finance. In order to do so, the paper provides a comprehensive survey of the possible fiscal consequences of intra-group cross-border hybrid finance on the basis of a formal analysis of the relevant provisions in national, international and European tax law. The paper demonstrates that despite the various measures to prevent double taxation and ensure single taxation of remuneration of equity and debt within groups of companies, the use of hybrid instruments can still generate cases of double taxation as well as cases of double non-taxation (white income). This is a major issue for tax planning, because it implies that an enterprise with operations in a given group of countries can choose instruments that result in double non-taxation. Similarly, an enterprise with given financial needs can choose appropriate countries to establish subsidiaries so as to optimise or even entirely eliminate taxes on the payments received. For national and international legislators, this is important because it shows that existing systems for the taxation of dividends and interest on hybrid finance in many cases fail to ensure single taxation of the income received.
Author: Félix Daniel Martínez Laguna Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403510846 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 685
Book Description
Hybrid Financial Instruments, Double Non-taxation and Linking Rules Félix Daniel Martínez Laguna Hybrid financial instruments (HFIs) are widespread ordinary financial instruments that combine debt and equity features in their terms and design and may lead to double non-taxation across borders. This important book provides a deeply informed and critical analysis and guide to the “linking rules” developed to combat double non-taxation stemming from HFIs within the framework of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the anti-avoidance initiatives of the European Union (EU). These complex rules have now become essential in international taxation. The book deals incisively with crucial theoretical and practical issues as the following: Economic and legal reasons for financing business activity through debt instruments, equity instruments and/or HFIs. Qualification of financial instruments from different perspectives such as economics, corporate finance, corporate law, financial accounting law, regulatory law and tax law and their interrelation. The concept of double non-taxation as a mere outcome of parallel exercises of sovereignty by different states and the role it plays within the international debate. The concepts of tax planning, tax avoidance and the misleading concept of aggressive tax planning within a tax competition international scenario and their relation with HFIs. Comprehensive policy, legal and technical detail and explanation of the linking rules proposed by the OECD (i.e., BEPS Project Action 2) and the EU (e.g., Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive). The (in)compatibility of linking rules with existing tax treaty rules and EU primary law. The author refers throughout to relevant model convention provisions, EU case law and a vast number of references of official documentation and literature. With its detailed attention to the concept and legal nature of HFIs and double non-taxation, the critical and comprehensive analysis of the linking rules developed by the OECD and the EU, this provocative book allows to reconsider the legality of these linking rules and will quickly become a much-used problem-solving resource for policymakers, tax practitioners, tax authorities and tax academics. This book allows to rethink whether linking rules relate to a solution or create actual legal issues.
Author: Andrew Fisher Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111923428X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Make sense of international personal finance with expat-specific expert advice The Cross-Border Family Wealth Guide is the long-awaited financial handbook for cross border families, with expert insight from a financial advisor who specializes in expat issues. Whether you're an American living abroad, or foreign-born and living in the U.S., this book demystifies the complex issues surrounding the worldwide tax system, international information reporting, sensible investments, international real estate, and retirement planning. When your wealth crosses international borders, managing even the most mundane financial affairs can become wrought with time-consuming complexity; moving money, opening accounts, dealing with currency risks and translation, and setting up investments suddenly involves a whole new set of rules and regulations. Your 401(k), IRA, or annuity must be handled properly to retain certain tax benefits, and retirement planning takes on a brand new dimension of difficulty. This book shows you how to navigate the maze to make sure your money keeps working for you. Real world examples illustrate solutions to common problems, and real, actionable advice gives you a solid plan for your next steps. While personal finance management is rarely simple, the recent crackdown on tax havens and increased tax collection vigilance has made things even more difficult for cross border families. This book answers your questions, and shines a light on the way forward to long-term financial security for international families. Navigate the complexities of international taxation Get specific guidance on retirement planning Make sense of how real estate fits into your financial picture Invest appropriately to maximize growth for the future Manage your assets and tax benefits across borders With the right know-how, cross border professionals can make sensible investment and financial planning decisions, but credible guidance is rare and difficult to find. Simple and practical, with targeted advice, The Cross-Border Family Wealth Guide is the international family's solution for avoiding financial confusion.
Author: Jakob Bundgaard Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041183183 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
Financial innovation allows companies and other entities that wish to raise capital to choose from a myriad of possible instruments that can be tailored to meet the specific business needs of the issuer and investor. However, such instruments put increasing pressure on a question that is fundamental to the tax and financial systems of a country – the distinction between debt and equity. Focusing on hybrid financial instruments (HFIs) – which lie somewhere along the debt-equity continuum, but where exactly depends on the terms of the instrument as well as on applicable laws – this book analyses their treatment under both domestic law and tax treaties. Key jurisdictions, including the EU, some of its Member States, and the United States, are covered. Advocating for a broader scope of application of HFIs as part of the financing of companies in Europe alongside traditional sources of debt and equity financing, the book addresses such issues and topics as the following: • problems associated with the debt-equity distinction in international tax law; • cross-border tax arbitrage and linking rules; • drivers behind the use and design of HFIs; • tax law impact of perpetual and super maturity debt instruments, profit participating loans, convertible bonds, mandatory convertible bonds, contingent convertibles, preference shares and warrant loans on HFIs; • financial accounting treatment; • administrative guidance; • influence of the TFEU on Member States’ approaches to classification of HFIs; • interpretation of the Parent-Subsidiary Directive by the European Court of Justice; • applicability of the OECD Model Tax Convention; and • implications of the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. Throughout this book, the analysis draws upon preparatory works, case law, and legal theory in English, German, and the Scandinavian languages. In conclusion, the author considers tax policy issues, and identifies and outlines possible high-level solutions. Actual or potential users of HFIs will greatly appreciate the clarity and insight offered here into the capacity and tax implications of HFIs. The book not only examines whether existing legislation is sufficient to handle the issues raised by international HFIs, but also provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction between corporate financing and tax law in the light of today’s financial innovation. Corporate executives and their counsel will find it indispensable in the international taxation landscape that is currently coming into view, and academics and policymakers will hugely augment their understanding of a complex and constantly changing area of tax law.
Author: Mindy Herzfeld Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403528915 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 435
Book Description
Structuring Cross-Border Transactions: U.S. Tax Considerations The U.S. international tax provisions that impact cross-border transactions are far-reaching. In recent years, the rules have become more complex, less systematic, and more difficult to make sense of. In this helpful book, a well-known author and practitioner demystifies many of the structuring questions implicated in inbound and outbound cross-border investments, acquisitions, and joint ventures, exposing traps and planning opportunities and showing how the rules really operate in specific fact patterns. All key aspects of structuring a cross-border transaction are analyzed, including: anti-deferral regimes (subpart F and global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI)); how check-the-box (CTB) regulations can maximize tax benefits and minimize tax inefficiencies; how the indirect foreign tax credit provides opportunities for tax beneficial planning; U.S. tax-free reorganization rules as they apply in the cross-border area; U.S. anti-inversion rules that affect cross-border deals; effect of anti-hybrid rules; concerns of particular classes of investors that will influence the form of a transaction; and typical points of friction between buyers and sellers in the cross-border context. Detailed examples, with financial metrics included, help guide decision making at every step and assist in the understanding of key drivers materially impacting results. Treaty considerations and implications are discussed throughout. This book fills a big gap in the tax literature by providing a guide for practitioners from any country who need to understand the U.S. tax consequences of a particular transaction. Its focus on how U.S. tax law affects the ways in which transactions are put together in the real world, and its in-depth analysis of how U.S. tax provisions interrelate and interact with foreign tax rules will prove of immeasurable value to corporate lawyers, finance professionals, and others active in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. It will become an indispensable reference tool for transactional tax practitioners.
Author: Martin Zagler Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136952454 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 331
Book Description
International taxation is a major research topic, and for a field of research at the intersection of so many disciplines there has been surprisingly little done across disciplinary boundaries. This book fills the gap by combining teams from business, economics, information science, law and political science to offer a unique and innovative approach to the issue of international tax coordination. All the chapters are written in collaboration between at least two authors from two different disciplines. This approach offers a rich and nuanced understanding of the many issues of international tax coordination. The book collects seven papers, each one a valuable contribution in itself, beginning with current problems of international taxation and finishing with potential solutions. The essays explore current EU legislation, tax avoidance and tax fraud, as well as double tax agreements, dividend repatriation and hybrid finance and tax planning. Providing methodological answers to the question of how to conduct interdisciplinary research, the book also gives an accessible introduction into research questions and answers that are important in related disciplines for scholars in various areas. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers in the fields of economics, business, informational science, law and political science, as well as to professional accountants and tax lawyers.
Author: Gaspar Lopes Dias V.S. Publisher: Kluwer Law International ISBN: 9789041158758 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book explores tax arbitrage opportunities resulting from financial engineering techniques with cross-border financial instruments such as hybrids, synthetics, and non-traditional financial instruments. Firstly the author clarifies the concept of three kinds of complex financial instruments, and thereafter he discusses the most adequate tax treatment of these instruments in cross-border situations. For this purpose he identifies economic substance as an objective benchmark for the taxation of financial instruments to achieve greater international tax neutrality, and examines the role of the expected return taxation theory. The book also contains a comparative analysis of relevant developments in a number of jurisdictions, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Luxembourg, Portugal, UK and USA.
Author: Ewald Aschauer
Author: Ewald Aschauer
Author: 
Author: Sven-Eric Bärsch
Author: Eva Eberhartinger
Author: Félix Daniel Martínez Laguna
Author: Andrew Fisher
Author: Jakob Bundgaard
Author: Mindy Herzfeld
Author: Martin Zagler
Author: Gaspar Lopes Dias V.S.