Crop Safeners for Herbicides PDF Download

Author: Kriton Hatzios
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323151450
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 415

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Book Description
Crop Safeners for Herbicides aims to discuss the issue of chemical manipulation of crop tolerance to herbicides. This book resulted from a symposium titled ""Chemical Manipulation of Crop Tolerance to Herbicides"". Several chapters included herein are added contributions from experts outside of the symposium. The book not only serves as reference for the knowledge of the agronomic uses, development, chemistry, and mechanisms of action herbicide safeners, but it also assesses the impact of safeners all around the world. It also presents a discussion on alternative approaches that increases herbicide selectivity and explores future trends. Comprised of 16 chapters and divided into four parts, the book starts with a section on the development and uses of herbicide safeners. The text also offers a critical and extensive review of academic and industrial perspectives in the development of herbicide safeners in different parts of the world. Part 2 of this book starts with an overview of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of the mechanisms, and then further delves in to the prevalent mechanisms of action of selected classes of herbicide safeners. The third part of this book provides data on the potential use of alternative approaches for the manipulation of crop tolerance to herbicides. The last part is a summary of the progress and prospects of the topic of crop safening against herbicide injury. The book serves as an important resource for students and professionals interested in the field of agriculture, agronomy, pest research, weed science, and plant pathology and physiology.

Author: Marulak Simarmata
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 122

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Author: Andrew Price
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535111124
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 666

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Book Description
Herbicide use is a common component of many weed management strategies in both agricultural and non-crop settings. However, herbicide use practices and recommendations are continuously updated and revised to provide control of ever-changing weed compositions and to preserve efficacy of current weed control options. Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use provides information about current trends in herbicide use and weed control in different land and aquatic settings as well as case studies in particular weed control situations.

Author: Peter Jeschke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527340890
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1772

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Book Description
The leading reference on this topic has just gotten better. Building on the success of the previous two editions, all the chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and new chapters have been added on picolinic acids, oxathiapiprolin, flupyradifurone, and other topics. This third edition presents the most important active ingredients of modern agrochemicals, with one volume each for herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. The international team of first-class authors from such renowned crop science companies as Bayer, Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont (now Corteva Agriscience), and BASF, address all crucial aspects from the general chemistry and the mode of action to industrial-scale synthesis, as well as from the development of products and formulations to their application in the field. A comprehensive and invaluable source of timely information for all of those working in modern biology, including genetics, biochemistry and chemistry, and for those in modern crop protection science, whether governmental authorities, researchers in agrochemical companies, scientists at universities, conservationists, or managers in organizations and companies involved in improvements to agricultural production.

Author: R. De Prado
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401155380
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Book Description
In recent decades, repeated use of herbicides in the same field has imposed selection for resistance in species that were formerly susceptible. On the other hand, considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed towards introducing herbicide tolerance into susceptible crop species. The evolution of herbicide resistance, understanding its mechanisms, characterisation of resistant weed biotypes, development of herbicide-tolerant crops and management of resistant weeds are described throughout the 36 chapters of this book. It has been written by leading researchers based on the contributions made at the International Symposium on Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides held at Córdoba, Spain. This book will be a good reference source for research scientists and advanced students.

Author: Ferenc M. Pallos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Book Description
Antidote structure - activity relationships; Comparative activity, selectivity, and field applications of herbicide antidotes; Physiological actions of thiocarbomate herbicides and their antidotes; Antiote metabolism and effects on herbicide metabolism.

Author: Damilola A. Raiyemo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicide safeners
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Book Description
The Pacific Northwest is a highly productive wheat growing region of the world. One of the challenges confronting wheat farmers in the region is control of weeds below levels that negatively impact crop yield. Annual grasses are most troublesome to wheat farmers in the region due to similarities in growth habits between wheat and annual grasses. Growers often rely on preemergence or early postemergence herbicides for control of annual grasses. Preemergence herbicides include the very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFA) inhibitors, such as flufenacet, pyroxasulfone or their premix with other herbicides while early postemergence herbicides include (1) acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, such as diclofop, pinoxaden, and (2) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as flucarbazone, pyroxsulam, mesosulfuron. However, selection pressure from consistent herbicide use resulted in annual grasses evolving resistant populations to multiple groups of herbicides, leaving growers with few herbicide options for control. The very-long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides are effective herbicides for control of annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds in corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton and sorghum with few reported cases of resistance. Pyroxasulfone, a VLCFA inhibitor, controls annual grass and small-seeded broadleaf weeds such as Italian ryegrass, barnyardgrass, foxtails, crabgrasses, Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp in corn, wheat and soybeans at low use rate with efficacy also against populations resistant to glyphosate, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors and triazines. Despite the use of several VLCFA inhibitors for over six decades, potential problem associated with herbicides in the group is crop injury. Differential tolerance of crop varieties under adverse environmental conditions or soil type could hinder the selective use of some herbicides. Herbicide safeners, applied either as tank mixture with the herbicide for preemergence or postemergence use or as seed treatments in the form of seed dressing have been used to protect crops from herbicide injury. Safeners increase the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in herbicide detoxification including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glycosyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Fluxofenim (Concep III, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC) is a widely used seed treatment safener for protection of sorghum from S-metolachlor injury at the rate of 0.4 g ai kg-1 seed. Perhaps, fluxofenim could protect newly bred wheat cultivars of the Pacific Northwest from soil-applied preemergence herbicides. Chapter 1 includes a general introduction to wheat production in Idaho, challenges of annual grass control in wheat, herbicide options for annual grass control in wheat, effectiveness of very-long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides in annual grass control, tolerance of crops to VLCFA inhibitors via rapid metabolism, concept of crop safening, history, mechanism of action and use. Chapter 2 provides information on series of experiments evaluating the protection of soft white wheat varieties and a hard spring wheat variety from very-long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides using fluxofenim safener. Data analysis showed that fluxofenim protection of soft white wheat varieties from VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides was variety-dependent. Fluxofenim significantly increased dry biomass of varieties LWW 15-72223, LWW 14-75044, Bruneau and UI Sparrow for S-metolachlor and dimethenamid-P herbicides, and LWW 15-72458 for pyroxasulfone herbicide. Varieties 09-15702A, UI Castle CL+ and UI Palouse CL+ were however tolerant to the three herbicide treatments regardless of fluxofenim treatment at the herbicide rates evaluated. Dose-response analysis showed effective doses resulting in 10% biomass reduction due to fluxofenim-alone treatment ranged from 0.55 g ai kg-1 seed for UI Magic CL+ to 1.23 g ai kg-1 seed for UI Palouse CL+. Effective doses resulting in 90% tolerance to S-metolachlor due to fluxofenim ranged from 0.07 g ai kg-1 seed for UI Castle CL+ to 0.55 g ai kg-1 seed for Brundage 96 and a similar pattern of response to dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone herbicides were also observed for the varieties, suggesting UI Castle CL+ has some level of tolerance to the herbicides. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) assay revealed that variety UI Castle CL+ had a 58% increase in GST specific activity relative to UI Sparrow and Brundage 96 with 30% and 38% increase in enzyme activity respectively at 0.36 g ai kg-1 seed treatment. Chapter 3 describes experiments to determine fluxofenim protection of six soft white winter wheat varieties selected based on prior greenhouse experiments from S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P or pyroxasulfone injury under field conditions. Wheat density, height, head count and grain yield were evaluated in response to herbicide treatments with or without fluxofenim safener. Results indicated that fluxofenim had a negative impact on parameters observed in these field studies. Fluxofenim at 0.4 g ai kg-1 seed sorghum label rate failed to confer protection to soft white wheat varieties in the field studies conducted in fall 2018. The results of these field studies were therefore inconclusive and efficacy of fluxofenim to protect winter wheat would need to be evaluated further under different environmental conditions and soil types.

Author: Harald Teicher
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781976824906
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
PESTICIDES & BIOPESTICIDES: FORMULATION & MODE OF ACTION is the first book in the LABCOAT GUIDE TO CROP PROTECTION series. Aimed at students, professionals, and others wishing to learn basic biological aspects of Crop Protection, this book is an easily accessible introduction to essential principles of Pesticide and Biopesticide Mode Of Action and Formulation. Because the mode of action of a biopesticide typically differs from that of conventional pesticides, the efficacy of the biopesticide must also be assessed differently - not only through field trials but also by estimating growth, stress tolerance, yield and quality of the final product. It is crucial to understand how a biopesticide works in a crop protection program, and to thoroughly test the product based on all potential benefits. Variable biopesticide efficacy (often cited as a key weakness) is in part due to the influences of various biotic and abiotic factors, and in part due to a lack of biological understanding of the mode of action of these products - more than ever, it is up to producers to mediate this information to their customers. Particular attention is given to pesticide and biopesticide formulation, delivery and application practices, specifically to understanding the impact of plant defence induction kinetics on application timing and placement.

Author: Andrew H. Cobb
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444322494
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 311

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Book Description
Herbicides make a spectacular contribution to modern crop production. Yet, for the development of more effective and safer agrochemicals, it is essential to understand how these compounds work in plants and their surroundings. This expanded and fully revised second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of how modern herbicides interact with target plants, and how they are used to manage crop production. In addition, the text: Provides a current account of the importance of weeds to crop yield and quality; Describes how new herbicides are discovered and developed; Examines precise sites of herbicide action and mechanisms of herbicide selectivity and resistance; Reviews commercial and biotechnological applications, including genetically engineered herbicide resistance in crops; Suggests new areas for future herbicide development; Includes many specially prepared illustrations. As a summary of diverse research information, this second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology is a valuable reference for students and researchers in plant physiology, crop production/protection, plant biochemistry, biotechnology and agriculture. All libraries in universities, agricultural colleges and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent book on their shelves.

Author: V. A. de ANDRADE
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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Book Description
In order to enhance crop tolerance to non-selective or marginally selective herbicides, two methods of crop protection (activated carbon and herbicide-safeners) were evaluated for rice and sorghum. The effect of these herbicides in the control of red rice was also evaluated.