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Author: Thomas E Browder Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814602760 Category : Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
CP violation is one of the most subtle effects in the Standard Model of particle physics and may be the first clue to the physics that lies beyond. Charge conjugation, C, and parity, P, are symmetries of particle interactions. C corresponds to the operation of replacing a particle by its antiparticle, while P is the operation of mirror reflection. Before 1956, it was believed that these were also symmetries of the interactions of elementary particles. In 1956, C S Wu found evidence for P violation in the weak interaction. Theorists proposed that the combination of CP would be a symmetry of the weak interaction. In 1964, Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay found the first evidence for the violation of CP symmetry in the decays of kaons.Although Kobayashi and Maskawa then showed how the Standard Model can accommodate the observed CP violation, Wolfenstein pointed out that it is also possible that there is a new interaction in addition to the usual four, called the superweak interaction, which is responsible for the asymmetry. To test this idea, the observation of a different type of asymmetry, called direct CP violation, is required; in the kaon sector, very precise measurements of the ratio of kaon decay rates are necessary. In B decay modes where a second order weak process whimisically named “penguin” interferes with another suppressed, first order “tree” amplitude, it may also be possible to observe these direct CP-violating effects.B physics and CP violation is now one of the major growth areas in high energy physics. Nearly every major high energy physics laboratory now has a project underway to observe the large CP asymmetries expected in the B sector and to test the consistency of the Standard Model. The unitarity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix in the Standard Model implies the existence of three phases, called alpha, beta and gamma, which can be determined by the measurements of CP asymmetries in B decays. About 200 participants gathered in Hawaii in March 1997 to discuss the progress in the field, and this important book constitutes the proceedings of that conference.
Author: Thomas E Browder Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814602760 Category : Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
CP violation is one of the most subtle effects in the Standard Model of particle physics and may be the first clue to the physics that lies beyond. Charge conjugation, C, and parity, P, are symmetries of particle interactions. C corresponds to the operation of replacing a particle by its antiparticle, while P is the operation of mirror reflection. Before 1956, it was believed that these were also symmetries of the interactions of elementary particles. In 1956, C S Wu found evidence for P violation in the weak interaction. Theorists proposed that the combination of CP would be a symmetry of the weak interaction. In 1964, Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay found the first evidence for the violation of CP symmetry in the decays of kaons.Although Kobayashi and Maskawa then showed how the Standard Model can accommodate the observed CP violation, Wolfenstein pointed out that it is also possible that there is a new interaction in addition to the usual four, called the superweak interaction, which is responsible for the asymmetry. To test this idea, the observation of a different type of asymmetry, called direct CP violation, is required; in the kaon sector, very precise measurements of the ratio of kaon decay rates are necessary. In B decay modes where a second order weak process whimisically named “penguin” interferes with another suppressed, first order “tree” amplitude, it may also be possible to observe these direct CP-violating effects.B physics and CP violation is now one of the major growth areas in high energy physics. Nearly every major high energy physics laboratory now has a project underway to observe the large CP asymmetries expected in the B sector and to test the consistency of the Standard Model. The unitarity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix in the Standard Model implies the existence of three phases, called alpha, beta and gamma, which can be determined by the measurements of CP asymmetries in B decays. About 200 participants gathered in Hawaii in March 1997 to discuss the progress in the field, and this important book constitutes the proceedings of that conference.
Author: Zygmunt Ajduk Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814547107 Category : Languages : en Pages : 1878
Book Description
The 28th conference from the Rochester series was the major high energy physics conference in 1996. Volume one contains short reports on new theoretical and experimental results. Volume two consists of the review talks presented in the plenary sessions.
Author: Anthony W Thomas Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814543551 Category : Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
CP violation is essential to understanding the universe in which we live. Without it there can be no dominance of matter over anti-matter. New experimental facilities, such as the B-factories, and new experimental techniques promise the first real advances in our understanding of this phenomenon since its discovery in the mid-60's.The Workshop on CP violation brought together representatives of all the major experimental collaborations and key theorists. The result is an excellent introduction to the directions in which the field will move in the next few years.
Author: Bernd A Kniehl Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814545864 Category : Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Despite the great success of the standard model of electroweak and strong interactions to describe the phenomena observed in high energy physics experiments, the mechanism by which the elementary particles are endowed with their masses is yet to be unraveled. Does nature choose the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking as predicted by the standard model, or do we need some alternative explanation? The purpose of the workshop is to capture new trends and ideas in this exciting area of fundamental physics, and to explore the potential of recent (LEPI), present (HERA, LEPII, SLC, Tevatron), and future (FMC, LHC, NLC) colliding-beam experiments to shed light on the Higgs puzzle.
Author: Wei Shu Hou Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814492663 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 552
Book Description
CP violation was first observed in 1964, but only in 1999 did we gain much greater experimental insight. Direct CP violation finally appeared in the form of ε′/ε in the K system. Indirect CP violation in B → J/Ψ Ks decay, the raison d'être for construction of e+e- B factories, was first sniffed out at the proton-antiproton collider. The asymmetric B factories — BABAR at SLAC and BELLE at KEK — were completed, while the symmetric B factory at Cornell was upgraded to CLEO-III. It seems that everyone is positioning himself for the great competition on “B Physics and CP Violation”, racing to unravel the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, especially the size and origin of CP phases. The change of millennium provides a dramatic backdrop.To have intensive discussions at the technical level, to create broader interest in the subject, and to maximize interaction between experimenters and theorists, this book starts with the status of B factories: accelerator, detector and physics analysis. Following an overview of B physics and the CKM matrix, it delves into the details of lifetime, spectroscopy and decays, with even more specialized discussions on rare decays, direct and indirect CP violation, factorization and final state interactions, determination of unitarity phases, etc. Topics on ε′/ε, rare K decay, charm and hyperon systems, and various T, CP and CPT tests are also discussed at length. The book closes with the outlook for hadron machines and the prospects for new physics. A special feature is that there are two summary talks, one on experiment and the other on theory. The book is further augmented by two dozen excellent contributed talks.
Author: Robert N Cahn Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814549223 Category : Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
This book is the result of a broad-based and in-depth study of high energy physics commissioned by the Executive Committee of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society. This year-long study was initiated in the early 1994, in the wake of the cancellation of the SSC, and is meant to complement the report of the Drell HEPAP subpanel, charged with providing a vision for the future of the field. The DPF study of high energy physics was organized on the basis of the working groups, each led by a number of co-conveners chosen among established leaders in the various subspecialties in the field. These conveners, in turn, organized their working groups by inviting other active workers in the discipline to participate and gathered further input from the community by holding a variety of specialized meetings and workshops. This book contains the final reports of the 11 working groups assembled for the study, along with an extended overview and executive summary by the editors.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aeronautics Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Yoshiaki Fujii Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814547719 Category : Languages : en Pages : 836
Book Description
Collider experiments have become essential to studying elementary particles. In particular, lepton collisions such as e⁺e⁻ are ideal from both experimental and theoretical points of view, and are a unique means of probing the new energy region, sub-TeV to TeV. It is a common understanding that a next-generation e⁺e⁻ collider will have to be a linear machine that evades beam-energy losses due to synchrotron radiation. In this book, physics feasibilities at linear colliders are discussed in detail, taking into account the recent progress in high-energy physics.
Author: Val L. Fitch Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691227497 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
The past century has seen fantastic advances in physics, from the discovery of the electron, x-rays, and radioactivity, to the era of incredible solid state devices, computers, quarks and leptons, and the standard model. But what of the next? Many scientists think we are on the threshold of an even more exciting new era in which breakthroughs in a startling variety of directions will produce significant changes in our understanding of the natural world. In this book, a group of eminent scientists define and elaborate on these new directions. Ed Witten and Frank Wilczek discuss string theory and the future of particle physics; Donald Perkins describes the search for neutrino oscillations; Alvin Tollestrup reveals dreams of a muon collider at Fermilab to probe the heart of "elementary" particles; and Robert Palmer anticipates a new generation of particle accelerators. Thibault Damour reviews classical gravitation and the relevant new high-precision experiments; Kip Thorne describes the exciting future for gravitational wave astronomy; and Paul Steinhardt examines the recent breakthroughs in observational cosmology and explains what future experiments might reveal. James Langer explores nonequilibrium statistics and relates it to the origins of complexity; Harry Swinney takes an experimentalist's view of the emergence of order in seemingly chaotic systems; and John Hopfield describes an extremely unusual dynamical system--the human brain. Bruce Hillman, M. D., discusses the recent developments in imaging techniques that have brought about outstanding advances in medical diagnostics. T.V. Ramakrishnan looks at high-temperature superconductors, which could eventually revolutionize the solid-state technology on which society is already highly dependent.
Author: Thomas E Browder
Author: Thomas E Browder
Author: Zygmunt Ajduk
Author: Anthony W Thomas
Author: Bernd A Kniehl
Author: Wei Shu Hou
Author: Robert N Cahn
Author: 
Author: Yoshiaki Fujii
Author: Val L. Fitch
Author: