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Author: D.J. Rolker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
To this day, the agricultural sector is pivotal to the Ethiopian economy. Smallholders constitute the foundation of Ethiopian agriculture. The Ethiopian subsistence agriculture is almost entirely rain-fed and with generally low yields. Soil erosion by water is a major threat to food security, environmental sustainability and prospects for rural development in the country. The desired impact of soil and water conservation measures is to eliminate or at least to reduce the effects of land degradation. The profitability of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures is an essential precondition for their adoption. Other factors are pushed to the back as long as a technology is not profitable. The objective of this research was to determine the economic efficiency of three different types of SWC technologies (soil bund, stone bund and Fanya Juu) in the watersheds of Debre Mewi and Anjenie in the Amhara regional state in North-Western Ethiopia. A farm household survey was carried out among 60 farmers in both watersheds. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to assess erosion risk on farmers’ fields. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) was carried out to determine profitability of the measures. Field observations and measurements as well as farmers’ estimates indicate that the actual implementation of SWC line interventions in Debre Mewi and Anjenie watersheds differs from official design recommendations. Erosion estimates of farmers’ fields suggest that adapted SWC structures were successful in reducing soil erosion. Apart from reducing the cultivable area, SWC measures require high initial labor investments. Under the current production system in Debre Mewi and Anjenie SWC line interventions seem not or hardly profitable for farmers unless farmers further intensify their production. Further adaptations to agricultural practices and SWC design and implementation might help to improve profitability of SWC measures and farm household incomes.
Author: D.J. Rolker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
To this day, the agricultural sector is pivotal to the Ethiopian economy. Smallholders constitute the foundation of Ethiopian agriculture. The Ethiopian subsistence agriculture is almost entirely rain-fed and with generally low yields. Soil erosion by water is a major threat to food security, environmental sustainability and prospects for rural development in the country. The desired impact of soil and water conservation measures is to eliminate or at least to reduce the effects of land degradation. The profitability of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures is an essential precondition for their adoption. Other factors are pushed to the back as long as a technology is not profitable. The objective of this research was to determine the economic efficiency of three different types of SWC technologies (soil bund, stone bund and Fanya Juu) in the watersheds of Debre Mewi and Anjenie in the Amhara regional state in North-Western Ethiopia. A farm household survey was carried out among 60 farmers in both watersheds. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to assess erosion risk on farmers’ fields. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) was carried out to determine profitability of the measures. Field observations and measurements as well as farmers’ estimates indicate that the actual implementation of SWC line interventions in Debre Mewi and Anjenie watersheds differs from official design recommendations. Erosion estimates of farmers’ fields suggest that adapted SWC structures were successful in reducing soil erosion. Apart from reducing the cultivable area, SWC measures require high initial labor investments. Under the current production system in Debre Mewi and Anjenie SWC line interventions seem not or hardly profitable for farmers unless farmers further intensify their production. Further adaptations to agricultural practices and SWC design and implementation might help to improve profitability of SWC measures and farm household incomes.
Author: Adimassu, Zenebe Publisher: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ISBN: 929090867X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 40
Author: Anteneh Asfaw Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346444740 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: A, , course: Soil and water conservation, language: English, abstract: The review focuses on the importance of soil and water conservation practices on soil properties in Ethiopia. The study conducted in various parts of the country showed that the implemented soil bund reduced annual runoff and soil loss at different rates. Soil and water conservation have improved the soil physicochemical properties on conserved cropland (BD, SMC, infiltration rate, clay content, pH, CEC, av. K, av. P, SOC and TN) than in the adjacent cropland without soil and water conservation measures. Soil and water conservation, reduce the removal of fertile topsoil and improves soil moisture, which favors crop growth as a result grain yield of the crops were increased at various rates based on agro ecology, crop type and local management practices. In general, the effect of constructed soil and water conservation had clearly showed positive impact on soil physicochemical properties and crop yields. Therefore, to reduce soil erosion sustainably, different soil and water conservation options should be introduced and used considering agro ecology, socio-economic profile and climatic condition of the intervention area. Soil erosion is one of the several major deteriorative processes which results in soil degradation and declining agricultural productivity in Ethiopia due to dense population, high livestock density and intensive crop production in the area. Soil and water conservation practice is one the mechanism used to reduce soil and associated nutrient loss; thus, reduce the risk of production. Efforts were started through soil and water conservation strategy at a large scale on farmland since the mid-1970 and 1980’s. However, soil erosion still persists and become major threats of the Ethiopian region.
Author: Feras Ziadat Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317624130 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
The research presented in this book demonstrates how an integrated ‘systems’ approach to farming in the watershed context increases the effectiveness of a production system and improves people’s livelihoods. It takes an integrated approach, using one watershed in Ethiopia as a ‘laboratory’ or model case study to focus on the interaction and interdependence between land, water, crops, soil, water harvesting, supplemental irrigation, forestry, socio-economic aspects, livestock and farm tools. A range of linked studies was conducted with active participation of the farming community and other relevant stakeholders, such as the local offices of agriculture and extension services. The starting point for the work was the premise that previous efforts to solve farming system constraints using a piecemeal approach or discipline-specific focus have not been successful. Thus, addressing agricultural and environmental constraints through a holistic approach enables the generation of comprehensive technologies to sustainably improve the natural resource base and livelihoods of communities. The authors discuss trade-offs and resource allocation, demonstrating how the environment can be protected while also improving productivity. A unique feature is the methodology developed for the selection of suitable fields and farmers to implement new approaches or improved technologies, to achieve production increases while reducing degradation of sensitive agro-ecosystems. It is also shown how the watershed scale is a valuable basis for assessing the protection of fragile lands.
Author: Yitayal Anley Mengistu Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736936230 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
Land degradation due to soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion has contributed to declining agricultural productivity, poverty and food insecurity in Ethiopia. Due to the continuous dependency on agriculture, land degradation and unfavorable climatic conditions, rural development policies in Ethiopia are challenged by two important issues: the need to improve household income to meet the demand for food in the face of growing population and the need to improve or sustain the productivity of land. This highlights the important task of undertaking development research to understand and design appropriate policy incentives and technology interventions. Using primary and secondary data, this study employed a bioeconomic model in a mathematical programming framework to analyze the impact of selected policy incentives and technology interventions on land quality and income of small farm households and an econometric model to assess the factors that influence the use of improved soil and water conservation measures in Anjeni area, North Western Ethiopia. Analyses of the results of the bioeconomic model indicate that there are potentials for policy incentives and technology interventions to improve household income and reduce land degradation. The combined effect of improved soil and water conservation measures, access to fertilizer credit and high yielding crop variety appear to have the highest impact on income and land degradation as compared to the effect of individual policy incentives and technology interventions as they address, simultaneously, several constraints of small farm households. However, the results indicate that the process of land degradation can’t be reversed and these interventions are not able to fully control land degradation, they can only slow down the process of land degradation. A conclusion that can be drawn from this analysis is that the use of physical soil conservation measures alone is not a sufficient solution to curb the problem of land degradation. Other alternatives such as biological soil conservation measures should be thought of as an integral part of the solution to the problem of land degradation. Finally, analysis of the results of the econometric model indicated that the probability and extent of use of improved soil and water conservation technologies largely depends on the resource constraints such as size of farm land and labour and the capacity and level of understanding of farm households such as education level, age and perception about the problem of land degradation. This suggests that Interventions and agricultural development programs that seek to address farmers’ resource constraints and that provide incentives to farm households have a positive and significant effect on promoting soil and water conservation measures and sustaining agricultural productivity and food security.
Author: Woldeamlak Bewket Publisher: ISBN: 9789058088703 Category : Water-supply Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Resource degradation is a critical problem in highland Ethiopia Past soil and water conservation efforts did not bring about significant results This thesis discusses the need for and possibilities of implementing integrated watershed management (IWM) approach.
Author: D.J. Rolker
Author: D.J. Rolker
Author: 
Author: Adimassu, Zenebe
Author: Anteneh Asfaw
Author: Feras Ziadat
Author: Yitayal Anley Mengistu
Author: Aklilu Amsalu Taye
Author: Yohannes Gebre Michael
Author: Woldeamlak Bewket
Author: Woldeamlak Bewket