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Author: Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew Publisher: ISBN: Category : Auditory cortex Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
Aims: Aims of this thesis were to: 1) investigate speech stimuli and background-noisedependent changes in cortical event related potentials (ERPs) in unaided and aided conditions, and determine amplification effects on ERPs, 2) examine behavioural and neural processing of pitch cues in adults with normal hearing (NH) and adults with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 3) investigate the effects of auditory training on pitch processing using behavioural and electrophysiological approaches in adults with SNHL. Method: In Study 1 P1, N1, and P2 responses to naturally produced syllables in quiet and in multi-talker babble were recorded, with and without a hearing aid in the right ear. Acoustic characteristics of the hearing-aid-transduced stimuli were measured using inthe- canal probe microphone measurements. In Study 2 behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural TFS1 test (Moore & Sek, 2009a). Cortical potentials (N1, P2 and acoustic change complex, ACC) were recorded in response to frequency shifted (deltaF) tone complexes in an ‘ABA’ pattern in adults with mild and high frequency SNHL. In Study 3 N1, P2 and P3 ERPs and their related behavioural measures of discrimination (d-prime sensitivity and reaction time) were recorded using an active oddball paradigm. Behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural (right ear) TFS1 (Temporal Fine Structure 1) test. All tests were conducted during pre-training and post-training sessions. Training consisted of discrimination of complex tones varying in pitch using custom software (Vandali et al., 2015) Results: The first study revealed that CAEP latencies and amplitudes showed significant effects of speech contrast, background noise and amplification. N1 and P2 components varied differently across conditions. Hearing-aid induced spectral and temporal changes to the speech stimuli affected P1-N1-P2 components. The second study showed that the SNHL group performed more poorly than the NH group for the TFS1 test and hence had poorer discrimination of fine structure cues, despite having normal or mild hearing loss in the frequency region of the stimulus. P2 (latency and amplitude) was more reflective of pitch differences between the complexes than N1. The presence of the acoustic change complex in response to the TFS transitions in the ABA stimulus varied with deltaF (and hence with pitch salience). Acoustic change complex amplitudes were reduced for the group with SNHL compared to controls. The third study demonstrated stimulus-specific ERP changes after training with no significant improvement in behavioural discrimination performance. In Study 3 P2 amplitude was more sensitive to training mastery (progress on the auditory training task) than behavioural discrimination abilities. Conclusion: Cortical ERPs reflect spectral and temporal characteristics of speech and complex-tonal stimuli and changes induced by background noise, amplification and training.
Author: Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew Publisher: ISBN: Category : Auditory cortex Languages : en Pages : 159
Book Description
Aims: Aims of this thesis were to: 1) investigate speech stimuli and background-noisedependent changes in cortical event related potentials (ERPs) in unaided and aided conditions, and determine amplification effects on ERPs, 2) examine behavioural and neural processing of pitch cues in adults with normal hearing (NH) and adults with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 3) investigate the effects of auditory training on pitch processing using behavioural and electrophysiological approaches in adults with SNHL. Method: In Study 1 P1, N1, and P2 responses to naturally produced syllables in quiet and in multi-talker babble were recorded, with and without a hearing aid in the right ear. Acoustic characteristics of the hearing-aid-transduced stimuli were measured using inthe- canal probe microphone measurements. In Study 2 behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural TFS1 test (Moore & Sek, 2009a). Cortical potentials (N1, P2 and acoustic change complex, ACC) were recorded in response to frequency shifted (deltaF) tone complexes in an ‘ABA’ pattern in adults with mild and high frequency SNHL. In Study 3 N1, P2 and P3 ERPs and their related behavioural measures of discrimination (d-prime sensitivity and reaction time) were recorded using an active oddball paradigm. Behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural (right ear) TFS1 (Temporal Fine Structure 1) test. All tests were conducted during pre-training and post-training sessions. Training consisted of discrimination of complex tones varying in pitch using custom software (Vandali et al., 2015) Results: The first study revealed that CAEP latencies and amplitudes showed significant effects of speech contrast, background noise and amplification. N1 and P2 components varied differently across conditions. Hearing-aid induced spectral and temporal changes to the speech stimuli affected P1-N1-P2 components. The second study showed that the SNHL group performed more poorly than the NH group for the TFS1 test and hence had poorer discrimination of fine structure cues, despite having normal or mild hearing loss in the frequency region of the stimulus. P2 (latency and amplitude) was more reflective of pitch differences between the complexes than N1. The presence of the acoustic change complex in response to the TFS transitions in the ABA stimulus varied with deltaF (and hence with pitch salience). Acoustic change complex amplitudes were reduced for the group with SNHL compared to controls. The third study demonstrated stimulus-specific ERP changes after training with no significant improvement in behavioural discrimination performance. In Study 3 P2 amplitude was more sensitive to training mastery (progress on the auditory training task) than behavioural discrimination abilities. Conclusion: Cortical ERPs reflect spectral and temporal characteristics of speech and complex-tonal stimuli and changes induced by background noise, amplification and training.
Author: Jonathan E. Peelle Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195406 Category : Deafness Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately and essentially in real-time. Spoken language thus presents listeners’ auditory systems with a considerable challenge even when acoustic input is clear. However, auditory processing ability is frequently compromised due to congenital or acquired hearing loss, or altered through background noise or assistive devices such as cochlear implants. How does loss of sensory fidelity impact neural processing, efficiency, and health? How does this ultimately influence behavior? This Research Topic explores the neural consequences of hearing loss, including basic processing carried out in the auditory periphery, computations in subcortical nuclei and primary auditory cortex, and higher-level cognitive processes such as those involved in human speech perception. By pulling together data from a variety of disciplines and perspectives, we gain a more complete picture of the acute and chronic consequences of hearing loss for neural functioning.
Author: Robert F. Burkard Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 9780781757560 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
Written by experts with extensive clinical and scientific experience, this comprehensive textbook presents the state of the art in auditory evoked potentials. Opening chapters explain the nature of electrical fields that generate surface recorded potentials, summarize the imaging modalities that complement evoked potential studies, and review acoustics and instrumentation. Major sections examine the anatomy and physiology of the auditory periphery, brainstem, and cortex and the principles and clinical applications of auditory, myogenic, visual, somatosensory, and vestibular evoked potentials. Chapters present hands-on laboratory exercises and clinical case studies. A full-color insert includes 3D images from multi-channel evoked potentials and functional imaging.
Author: Randi L. Cropper Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 131
Book Description
Objectives: To determine the difference in the effects of background noise and reverberation on the sub-cortical neural encoding of the speech stimulus /u/ using the Frequency Following Response (FFR). Energy related to both the fundamental frequency as well as first formant of the stimulus preserved in the FFR was measured in order to better understand the breakdown of speech in adverse listening conditions . Design: The FFR was recorded to 6 normal hearing adults (aged 24-25 years) in response to the vowel stimulus /u/. Each subject underwent two test sessions. The first session recorded the response to the stimulus in the presence of three levels of reverberation as well as a quiet condition involving no reverberation. The second session recorded the response to the stimulus in the presence of three levels of background noise as well as a quiet or no noise condition. Temporal waveforms, FFTs, and individual amplitude data for both F0 and F1 were generated for each test condition. Results: As expected, as the severity of the condition worsened, the response energy at the F0 decreased. This was seen for both the background noise and reverberation test conditions. In contrast, there were some differences in F1 encoding that occurred as a function of type of adverse listening condition. As expected, the energy at the F1 decreased as background noise condition worsened. However, the energy at the F1 increased as the reverberation condition worsened. This was an unexpected finding. The variability in the data, as reflected in the standard deviation values, was fairly consistent across all test conditions except for F1 data of reverberation. This change in variability could have played a role in the unexpected finding for that condition. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that degraded neural encoding abilities at the F0 and first formant may play a role in the speech perception difficulties individuals with sensorineural hearing loss experience.
Author: Sandra Gordon-Salant Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441909931 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309092965 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Author: Jane Grabowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
Synchronous neural firing and accurate phase-locking support the encoding of time-varying acoustic features of speech critical for speech discrimination. Evidence suggests that phase-locking is disrupted in older and hearing-impaired adults, which may help account for the frequently-reported perceptual deficits in those populations not otherwise accounted for by peripheral hearing sensitivity. The frequency-following response (FFR) has previously been utilized to index subcortical encoding in various populations. However, normative data for the FFR has not been formally established to date, in part because the response may be elicited by a variety of stimuli, such as pure tones, tonal sweeps, and speech stimuli in a number of populations, such as in older individuals and individuals with hearing loss. As such, the aims of this study are two- fold. First, the study examined group differences in FFR quality between three listener groups: younger normal hearing (YNH) (N = 10, M = 28.1 years, range = 24-33), older normal hearing (ONH) (N = 10, M = 61.1 years, range = 51-66), and older hearing- impaired (OHI) (N = 10, M = 66.8 years, range = 54-78) adults as a function of sweep count. Second, individual response variability within each group was evaluated qualitatively by analyzing averaged time waveforms and corresponding spectrograms to begin documenting the range of responses which might be obtained in homogenous groups in which degree of hearing loss and age are controlled. Three thousand sweeps were collected in alternating polarity to rising tonal stimuli 120 ms in length spanning one-third, two-thirds, and one whole octave centered around 500 Hz. FFR waveforms were averaged in increasing increments of 100 consecutive sweeps and were quantitatively analyzed via cross correlation analysis. Results reveal that ONH and OHI adults require significantly more sweeps than YNH adults to achieve FFRs of similar quality, suggesting that older adults are more prone to desynchronization in temporal information encoding than younger individuals, independent of hearing status. However, further analysis of individual responses reveals that independent of hearing loss and age, each group included individuals who robustly encoded the stimuli, as well as individuals for which the FFR was indistinguishable from baseline biologic electroencephalographic activity.
Author: John D. Durrant Publisher: Plural Publishing ISBN: 1635501792 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
Basic Concepts of Clinical Electrophysiology in Audiology is a revolutionary textbook, combining the research and expertise of both distinguished experts and up-and-coming voices in the field. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to the subject, the editors of this graduate-level text break down all aspects of electrophysiology to make it accessible to audiology students. In addition to defining the basics of the tools of the trade and their routine uses, the authors also provide ample presentations of new approaches currently undergoing continuing research and development. The goal of this textbook is to give developing audiologists a broad and solid basis of understanding of the methods in common or promising practice. Throughout the text, individual chapters are divided into “episodes,” each examining a facet of the overarching chapter’s topic. With different experts handling each episode, readers are exposed to outstanding professionals in the field. This text singularly stitches together the chapters and their episodes to build from foundational concepts to more complex issues that clinicians are likely to face on their road to full clinical competency. As collections of episodes, the writers and editors thus endeavor to present a series of stories that build throughout the book, in turn allowing readers to build a broader interest in the subject. Key Features * Heads Up sections in each chapter introduce more advanced content to expose readers to what lies beyond the basic level and further enhance the main chapter content and “entertainment value” * Take home messages at the end of each chapter serve to focus the reader’s attention, encourage review, and discourage superficial learning by “just reading the abstract” * More than 450 innovative illustrations use combinations of panels, insets, and/or gray tone to facilitate reader understanding, optimize portrayal of data, and unify concepts across chapters * Numerous case studies and references to practical clinical issues and results are included throughout the book * Keywords are highlighted in-text to improve both attention and retention of critical terms and ease of returning to review them
Author: Shekinah M. Lecator Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 137
Book Description
Objectives: To establish the relation, if any, between the response properties of the slow cortical response (SCR) (i.e., the amplitudes of waves P1-N1 and N1-P2 and the latencies of waves P1, N1 and P2) recorded to a 2000-Hz tonal stimulus and loudness judgments for this same stimulus. Loudness was assessed using the Contour Test of Loudness (Cox et al., 1997). This study also investigated the relation, if any, between annoyance judgments of the 2000-Hz tonal stimuli and the stimulus intensity. Annoyance was assessed using a 6-point scale adapted from Hiramatsu et al. (1988). Design: Loudness and annoyance measures were taken from 11 adults with normal hearing (aged 23-26 years). For each subject, the median stimulus intensity obtained from their loudness judgments for the 2000-Hz tonal stimuli for each loudness category determined the stimulus intensity used to record slow cortical responses for that participant. After the SCR recording was completed at each stimulus intensity, each subject was asked to judge the loudness and annoyance of the tonal stimuli at that intensity using the same scales described above. These judgments are referred to as the post loudness and annoyance judgments. Results: As expected, as loudness and annoyance categories increased, the mean intensity increased. This pattern was relatively linear for the loudness judgments, with a 10-12 dB increase in stimulus intensity for each loudness category. In contrast, there was a 10-25 dB increase in stimulus intensity for each increase in annoyance category. Listeners assigned a considerable range of stimulus intensities to each loudness category (25-30 dB) for the Comfortable, but Slightly Soft through Loud, but O.K. categories. The range of stimulus intensities for each annoyance category was even larger (i.e., 40-55 dB) for the Very Pleasant through Tolerable categories. The variability in the data, reflected in the standard deviation values, was relatively consistent across categories for both loudness and annoyance. The results of the linear regression analyses revealed that behavioral loudness and annoyance judgments were highly correlated with stimulus intensity. As expected, SCR peak-to-peak amplitudes of waves P1-N1 and N1-P2 increased and the latencies of waves P1, N1 and P2 decreased as loudness category increased. Results of linear regression analyses revealed a stronger correlation of SCR amplitudes with the judgments of loudness (r=0.338-0.54) versus the SCR latencies ( r=0.074-0.221). Conclusion: The current study provides encouraging results, suggesting that the response properties of the SCR may hold promise for estimating the subjective growth of loudness for tonal stimuli.
Author: Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
Author: Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
Author: Jonathan E. Peelle
Author: Robert F. Burkard
Author: Randi L. Cropper
Author: Sandra Gordon-Salant
Author: National Research Council
Author: Jane Grabowski
Author: John D. Durrant
Author: Shekinah M. Lecator
Author: