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Author: Balaji Udayappan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Inorganic corrosion inhibitors including heavy metals have been widely used in the carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption process for corrosion control. However, they are not environmentally friendly causing costly handling and disposal costs. This work therefore evaluated corrosion inhibition performance of an organic amino acid compound, namely Methionine (MTI) which is less toxic, more readily biodegradable, and has lower potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms compared to common amine absorption solvents. The evaluation was experimentally implemented using electrochemical and weight loss methods. Carbon steel (CS1018) and 5.0 kmol/m3 Monoethanolamine (MEA) purged with 85% CO2 and 15% oxygen (O2) were used as tested material and absorption solution, respectively. The electrochemical results showed that at solution temperatures up to 80oC, MTI effectively reduced corrosion rates of CS1018 with maximum inhibition efficiencies of 83.56% ± 1.82% under a static condition (0 rpm) and 74.96% ± 0.95% under a dynamic condition (1500 rpm). Its inhibition performance was found to increase with inhibitor concentration and solution temperature but decrease with rotational speed. MTI acted as a mixed-type inhibitor and exhibited pitting tendency. The optimal MTI concentrations were 1500 ppm at 0 rpm and 2000 ppm at 1500 rpm. The post data analysis involving adsorption isotherm and activation thermodynamic properties revealed that MTI protected metal surface by undergoing spontaneous and endothermic physical adsorption. Its adsorption characteristic matched well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, thereby suggesting that MTI formed a protective monolayer on the metal surface. The results of quantum chemical analysis suggested MTI has higher affinity, polarizability, and electron donating ability than MEA. III The results of weight loss experiments carried out for up to 28 days showed that at 120oC, 5 bar and 1500 rpm, MTI was able to reduce corrosion rates of CS1018 to below 1 mmpy. The inhibition efficiencies were up to 78.7% for carbon steel specimens fully immersed in the MEA solutions, 53.5% for those partially immersed in the MEA solution and partially exposed to vapor, and 85.6% for those fully exposed to vapor. Pits were observed on carbon steel specimens fully immersed in both uninhibited and MTI inhibited solutions.
Author: Balaji Udayappan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Inorganic corrosion inhibitors including heavy metals have been widely used in the carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption process for corrosion control. However, they are not environmentally friendly causing costly handling and disposal costs. This work therefore evaluated corrosion inhibition performance of an organic amino acid compound, namely Methionine (MTI) which is less toxic, more readily biodegradable, and has lower potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms compared to common amine absorption solvents. The evaluation was experimentally implemented using electrochemical and weight loss methods. Carbon steel (CS1018) and 5.0 kmol/m3 Monoethanolamine (MEA) purged with 85% CO2 and 15% oxygen (O2) were used as tested material and absorption solution, respectively. The electrochemical results showed that at solution temperatures up to 80oC, MTI effectively reduced corrosion rates of CS1018 with maximum inhibition efficiencies of 83.56% ± 1.82% under a static condition (0 rpm) and 74.96% ± 0.95% under a dynamic condition (1500 rpm). Its inhibition performance was found to increase with inhibitor concentration and solution temperature but decrease with rotational speed. MTI acted as a mixed-type inhibitor and exhibited pitting tendency. The optimal MTI concentrations were 1500 ppm at 0 rpm and 2000 ppm at 1500 rpm. The post data analysis involving adsorption isotherm and activation thermodynamic properties revealed that MTI protected metal surface by undergoing spontaneous and endothermic physical adsorption. Its adsorption characteristic matched well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, thereby suggesting that MTI formed a protective monolayer on the metal surface. The results of quantum chemical analysis suggested MTI has higher affinity, polarizability, and electron donating ability than MEA. III The results of weight loss experiments carried out for up to 28 days showed that at 120oC, 5 bar and 1500 rpm, MTI was able to reduce corrosion rates of CS1018 to below 1 mmpy. The inhibition efficiencies were up to 78.7% for carbon steel specimens fully immersed in the MEA solutions, 53.5% for those partially immersed in the MEA solution and partially exposed to vapor, and 85.6% for those fully exposed to vapor. Pits were observed on carbon steel specimens fully immersed in both uninhibited and MTI inhibited solutions.
Author: Manjula Nainar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amines Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
This work explores the promise of aqueous solutions of blended monoethanolamine (MEA) and piperazine (PZ) as a cost-effective solvent for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from industrial flue gas streams with respect to addressing corrosion, which is regarded as one of the most severe operational problems in typical CO2 capture plants. Two types of corrosion experiments were carried out in bench-scale setups, electrochemical tests for short-term exposure and weight loss tests for long-term exposure. The results show that the blended MEA/PZ solutions are more corrosive than the MEA solutions. The corrosion rate of carbon steel increases with concentration of PZ, total amine concentration, CO2 loading of solution, solution temperature, the presence of heat stable salts, and the presence of the proprietary oxidative degradation inhibitor (Inhibitor A provided by the University of Texas at Austin). Among the tested heat-stable salts, formate is the most corrosive salt, followed by acetate, oxalate, and thiosulfate in the absence of oxygen (O2), while acetate is the most corrosive salt followed by formate, oxalate, and thiosulfate in the presence of O2. Based on the level of corrosion rate found in the MEA/PZ system, corrosion control is required during plant operation to suppress the corrosion rate of carbon steel to below an acceptable level. Sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) and copper carbonate (CuCO3) were proven to be effective corrosion inhibitors with inhibition performance of up to 94-98%. Dissolved O2 is required in the solution to maintain active Cu2 or V5+, which, thus, prevents the metallic copper (Cu) from plating out or the formation of other oxidative states of vanadate. The performance of these two inhibitors can be deteriorated by the presence of heat-stable salts in the solutions.
Author: Wojciech M. Budzianowski Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319472623 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
This book reviews and characterises promising single-compound solvents, solvent blends and advanced solvent systems suitable for CO2 capture applications using gas-liquid absorption. Focusing on energy efficient solvents with minimal adverse environmental impact, the contributions included analyse the major technological advantages, as well as research and development challenges of promising solvents and solvent systems in various sustainable CO2 capture applications. It provides a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for chemical engineers and energy specialists.
Author: Viswanathan S. Saji Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 352734618X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
Provides comprehensive coverage of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industries Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for the oil and gas sectors, this book provides a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in this field. It systematically addresses corrosion inhibitors for various applications in the oil and gas value chain, as well as the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition and interference of inhibitors with co-additives. Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is presented in three parts. The first part on Fundamentals and Approaches focuses on principles and processes in the oil and gas industry, the types of corrosion encountered and their control methods, environmental factors affecting inhibition, material selection strategies, and economic aspects of corrosion. The second part on Choice of Inhibitors examines corrosion inhibitors for acidizing processes, inhibitors for sweet and sour corrosion, inhibitors in refinery operations, high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, inhibitors for challenging corrosive environments, inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion, polymeric inhibitors, vapor phase inhibitors, and smart controlled release inhibitor systems. The last part on Interaction with Co-additives looks at industrial co-additives and their interference with corrosion inhibitors such as antiscalants, hydrate inhibitors, and sulfide scavengers. -Presents a well-structured and systematic overview of the fundamentals and factors affecting corrosion -Acts as a handy reference tool for scientists and engineers working with corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Collectively presents all the information available on the development and application of corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Offers a unique and specific focus on the oil and gas industries Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is an excellent resource for scientists in industry as well as in academia working in the field of corrosion protection for the oil and gas sectors, and will appeal to materials scientists, electrochemists, chemists, and chemical engineers.
Author: V. S. Sastri Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111801541X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.
Author: Mahmood Aliofkhazraei Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535139177 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
To protect metals or alloys from corrosion, some methods can be used such as isolating the structure from the aggressive media or compensating the loss of electrons from the corroded structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors may include organic and inorganic compounds that adsorb on the metallic structure to isolate it from its surrounding media to decrease oxidation-reduction processes. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications.
Author: Anthony E. Hughes Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9401775400 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
This book covers a broad range of materials science that has been brought to bear on providing solutions to the challenges of developing self-healing and protective coatings for a range of metals. The book has a strong emphasis on characterisation techniques, particularly new techniques that are beginning to be used in the coatings area. It features many contributions written by experts from various industrial sectors which examine the needs of the sectors and the state of the art. The development of self-healing and protective coatings has been an expanding field in recent years and applies a lot of new knowledge gained from other fields as well as other areas of materials science to the development of coatings. It has borrowed from fields such as the food and pharmaceutical industries who have used, polymer techniques, sol-gel science and colloidosome technology for a range encapsulation techniques. It has also borrowed from fields like hydrogen storage such as from the development of hierarchical and other materials based on organic templating as “nanocontainers” for the delivery of inhibitors. In materials science, recent developments in high throughput and other characterisation techniques, such as those available from synchrotrons, are being increasing used for novel characterisation – one only needs to look at the application of these techniques in self healing polymers to gauge wealth of new information that has been gained from these techniques. This work is largely driven by the need to replace environmental pollutants and hazardous chemicals that represent risk to humans such as chromate inhibitors which are still used in some applications.
Author: Edward Ghali Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470024038 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 574
Book Description
Corrosion Prevention and Protection: Practical Solutions presents a functional approach to the various forms of corrosion, such as uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen-induced damage, sulphide stress cracking, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion fatigue in various industrial environments. The book is split into two parts. The first, consisting of five chapters: Introduction and Principles (Fundamentals) of Corrosion Corrosion Testing, Detection, Monitoring and Failure Analysis Regulations, Specifications and Safety Materials: Metals, Alloys, Steels and Plastics Corrosion Economics and Corrosion Management The second part of the book consists of two chapters which present: a discussion of corrosion reactions, media, active and active-passive corrosion behaviour and the various forms of corrosion, a collection of case histories and practical solutions which span a wide range of industrial problems in a variety of frequently encountered environments, including statues & monuments, corrosion problems in metallurgical and mineral processing plants, boilers, heat exchangers and cooling towers, aluminum and copper alloys, galvanized steel structures as well as hydrogeological environmental corrosion This text is relevant to researchers and practitioners, engineers and chemists, working in corrosion in industry, government laboratories and academia. It is also suitable as a course text for engineering students as well as libraries related to chemical and chemical engineering institutes and research departments.
Author: David A. Scott Publisher: Getty Publications ISBN: 9780892366385 Category : Antiques & Collectibles Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
This is a review of 190 years of literature on copper and its alloys. It integrates information on pigments, corrosion and minerals, and discusses environmental conditions, conservation methods, ancient and historical technologies.
Author: Balaji Udayappan
Author: Balaji Udayappan
Author: Manjula Nainar
Author: Wojciech M. Budzianowski
Author: Viswanathan S. Saji
Author: V. S. Sastri
Author: 
Author: Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
Author: Anthony E. Hughes
Author: Edward Ghali
Author: David A. Scott