Corrections for the Emission Probabilities of the Intense Gamma Rays from 238U and Applying Them to Uranium Isotopic Analysis PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Gamma-ray emission probabilities of 235U and 238U have been studied extensively. While the gamma-ray emission probabilities for 235U and are well known, the emission probabilities for 238U differ widely from one study to another. This study indicates that one of the causes of the large discrepancies in the studies may be due to the true coincidence summing of many gamma rays from the decay of 238U daughters. The intensities of some of the intense gamma rays of 238U compared with the others were reduced by as much as 16% when the 21-mm-thick U3O samples were moved from 15 cm to putting them in contact with the detector. With better knowledge of the gamma-ray emission probabilities and understanding the summing effects of specific gamma rays, the isotopic concentration of uranium can be better analyzed. The results of the isotopic analysis using fixed energy response function analysis with multiple efficiencies (FRAM) with the summing correction are presented in this paper.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Gamma-ray emission probabilities of 235U and 238U have been studied extensively. While the gamma-ray emission probabilities for 235U and are well known, the emission probabilities for 238U differ widely from one study to another. This study indicates that one of the causes of the large discrepancies in the studies may be due to the true coincidence summing of many gamma rays from the decay of 238U daughters. The intensities of some of the intense gamma rays of 238U compared with the others were reduced by as much as 16% when the 21-mm-thick U3O samples were moved from 15 cm to putting them in contact with the detector. With better knowledge of the gamma-ray emission probabilities and understanding the summing effects of specific gamma rays, the isotopic concentration of uranium can be better analyzed. The results of the isotopic analysis using fixed energy response function analysis with multiple efficiencies (FRAM) with the summing correction are presented in this paper.
Author: Gordon Gilmore Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119964695 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 597
Book Description
The Second Edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has been completely revised and updated, providing comprehensive coverage of the whole gamma-ray detection and spectrum analysis processes. Drawn on many years of teaching experience to produce this uniquely practical volume, issues discussed include the origin of gamma-rays and the issue of quality assurance in gamma-ray spectrometry. This new edition also covers the analysis of decommissioned nuclear plants, computer modelling systems for calibration, uncertainty measurements in QA, and many more topics.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: IAEA ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Author: Allan S. Krass Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 100020054X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Author: Vlado Valkovic Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080540244 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 694
Book Description
Numerous sources of ionizing radiation can lead to human exposure: natural sources, nuclear explosions, nuclear power generation, use of radiation in medical, industrial and research purposes, and radiation emitting consumer products. Before assessing the radiation dose to a population one requires a precise knowledge of the activity of a number of radionuclides. The basis for the assessment of the dose to a population from a release of radioactivity to the environment, the estimation of the potential clinical heath effects due to the dose received and, ultimately, the implementation of countermeasures to protect the population, is the measurement of radioactive contamination in the environment after the release.It is the purpose of this book to present the facts about the presence of radionuclides in the environment, natural and man made. There is no aspect of radioactivity, which has marked the passing century, not mentioned or discussed in this book.
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Author: Gordon Gilmore
Author: Doug Reilly
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Author: L. Anglesio
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
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Author: Allan S. Krass
Author: Vlado Valkovic