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Author: George K. Yin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Future increases to the top income tax rates for individuals and reductions to the corporate tax rate will invite the widespread use of C corporations as tax shelter vehicles, an old problem that has never been addressed successfully. The changes could even resurrect the need for the collapsible-corporation provision, described by the ALI as “characterized by a pathological degree of complexity, vagueness and uncertainty.”This short essay, to be included with a group of submissions for the Volcker Tax Reform panel, urges that the corporate tax be limited to public firms, with all non-public firms taxed under a passthrough tax system. In addition to preventing the tax shelter problem, the change would improve equity and efficiency by taxing the owners of all closely held firms in a more similar fashion, and allow for simplification and reform of the corporate tax. The proposed change would reverse a policy decision made exactly 100 years ago when the income taxation of the owners of corporations was impermissible. Although Congress may soon be forced to adopt income tax rates reminiscent of years prior to 1986, it need not and should not bring with that change the same impenetrable problems and failed solutions of that bygone era.
Author: George K. Yin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Future increases to the top income tax rates for individuals and reductions to the corporate tax rate will invite the widespread use of C corporations as tax shelter vehicles, an old problem that has never been addressed successfully. The changes could even resurrect the need for the collapsible-corporation provision, described by the ALI as “characterized by a pathological degree of complexity, vagueness and uncertainty.”This short essay, to be included with a group of submissions for the Volcker Tax Reform panel, urges that the corporate tax be limited to public firms, with all non-public firms taxed under a passthrough tax system. In addition to preventing the tax shelter problem, the change would improve equity and efficiency by taxing the owners of all closely held firms in a more similar fashion, and allow for simplification and reform of the corporate tax. The proposed change would reverse a policy decision made exactly 100 years ago when the income taxation of the owners of corporations was impermissible. Although Congress may soon be forced to adopt income tax rates reminiscent of years prior to 1986, it need not and should not bring with that change the same impenetrable problems and failed solutions of that bygone era.
Author: Martin A. Sullivan Publisher: Apress ISBN: 143023928X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
Corporate tax reform is in the air. Competitive pressures from globalization, as well as skyrocketing budget deficits, are forcing lawmakers to rethink how America’s largest businesses are taxed. Some want to close “loopholes.” Others want to end all U.S. tax on foreign profits. Some want to lower rates, while still others want to abolish the corporate tax altogether and replace it with an entirely new system. Unlike many other books on tax policy, Corporate Tax Reform: Taxing Profits in the 21st Century is not selling an idea or approaching the issue from a particular political slant. It boils down the complexity of corporate taxation into simple language so readers can make up their own minds about the future of this controversial tax. For too long, the issue of corporate tax reform has been the exclusive domain of lawyers and economists who devote their entire adult lives to studying the tax. Corporate Tax Reform: Taxing Profits in the 21st Century opens the door on these issues to all concerned citizens by providing a compact guide to the economics and politics of the current debate on corporate tax reform. Provides an overview of the corporate tax and the possibilities for reform Discusses the impact on businesspeople and individual taxpayers Boils down complex tax concepts boiled into simple language Spurs lively discussion of the political issues without political bias Includes a discussion of ideas for revamping taxes for individuals, since the corporate and individual tax codes are interrelated
Author: Benjamin Carton Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484390083 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
This paper uses a multi-region, forward-looking, DSGE model to estimate the macroeconomic impact of a tax reform that replaces a corporate income tax (CIT) with a destination-based cash-flow tax (DBCFT). Two key channels are at play. The first channel is the shift from an income tax to a cash-flow tax. This channel induces the corporate sector to invest more, boosting long-run potential output, GDP and consumption, but crowding out consumption in the short run as households save to build up the capital stock. The second channel is the shift from a taxable base that comprises domestic and foreign revenues, to one where only domestic revenues enter. This leads to an appreciation of the currency to offset the competitiveness boost afforded by the tax and maintain domestic investment-saving equilibrium. The paper demonstrates that spillover effects from the tax reform are positive in the long run as other countries’ exports benefit from additional investment in the country undertaking the reform and other countries’ domestic demand benefits from improved terms of trade. The paper also shows that there are substantial benefits when all countries undertake the reform. Finally, the paper demonstrates that in the presence of financial frictions, corporate debt declines under the tax reform as firms are no longer able to deduct interest expenses from their profits. In this case, the tax shifting results in an increase in the corporate risk premia, a near-term decline in output, and a smaller long-run increase in GDP.
Author: Steven A. Bank Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019971696X Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
The U.S. corporate income tax - and in particular the double taxation of corporate income - has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as we know it today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. Professor Steven A. Bank explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.
Author: Kimberly Clausing Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1475533799 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 47
Book Description
This paper examines the main distortions of the U.S. corporate income tax (CIT), focusing on its international aspects, and proposes a set of reforms to alleviate them. A bold reform to replace the CIT with a corporate-level rent tax could induce efficiency-enhancing reform of the international tax system. Since fundamental reform is politically difficult, this paper also proposes an incremental reform that would reduce tax expenditures, reduce the CIT rate to 25-28 percent, and impose a minimum rent tax on foreign earnings. Finally, this paper analyzes empirically the likely impact of the incremental on corporate revenues outside the U.S.: Though a U.S. rate cut would likely lower revenues elsewhere, implementation of a strong minimum tax could more than offset that effect for most countries with effective tax rates above 15 percent.
Author: Cathie J. Martin Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226508337 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Since World War II, the corporate tax burden has, overall, decreased enormously as a percentage of the government's total revenue. Until now, however, no explanation of this phenomenon has accounted for the periodic reforms—such as the dramatic 1986 Tax Reform Act—which significantly increase some corporate taxes. Remarkably accessible and rich in historical evidence, Shifting the Burden is the most compelling explanation to date of how our nation's tax policy is formulated. Cathie J. Martin shows how presidents' cultivation of allies within the business community and struggles within that community itself combine to shape tax policy.
Author: Reuven S. Avi-Yonah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The current controversy surrounding President Obama's international tax proposals seems like an opportune moment to try to consider them in context. How do these proposals fit in with an agenda for US corporate and international tax reform? Few observers doubt that such reforms are sorely needed, for several reasons. First, the long-term budgetary outlook is unsustainable. Second, the US corporate tax rate is among the highest in the OECD. Third, the current system raises relatively little revenue and large amounts of corporate income go untaxed. Finally, the system is horrendously convoluted and imposes high transaction costs. This paper will attempt to raise some proposals for US corporate and international tax reform. It will begin by asking why we need to tax corporations at all, since the rationale for the corporate tax is important for assessing reform proposals. It will then discuss options for corporate and international tax reform, beginning with long-term options (a 10 year horizon), continuing with the medium term (2-5 years) and concluding with short-term options like the Obama proposals (1-2 years).
Author: Lex Fullarton Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 3838269942 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
In The Artful Aussie Tax Dodger, Lex Fullarton studies the impact of 100 years of taxation legislation in Australia, from 1915 to 2016. He finds that despite the lessons of a century of taxpayers and administrators' actions and reactions, old habits are hard to break. Driven by the winds of various political and social interests, Australia embarked on a century of tax reform from the moment when its first Income Tax Assessment Act was introduced. Fullarton discusses the oldest of tax planning entities, the British Trust, the introduction of Australia’s ‘reformed‘ consumption tax, its VAT, referred to as Goods and Services Tax, an analysis of tax avoidance schemes, and finally government taxation reform. This book looks at how Australia’s tax legislation was grounded, added to, avoided, and evolved, until it went ‘Back to the Future’. It is a collection of studies compiled from experience and research conducted over twenty years of involvement in taxation law in rural and remote Australia.
Author: Jane Gravelle Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781978091900 Category : Corporations Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Interest in corporate tax reform that lowers the rate and broadens the base has developed in the past several years. Some discussions by economists in opinion pieces have suggested there is an urgent need to lower the corporate tax rate, but not necessarily to broaden the tax base, an approach that presents some difficulties given current budget pressures. Others see the corporate tax as a potential source of revenue. Arguments for lowering the corporate tax rate include the traditional concerns about economic distortions arising from the corporate tax and newer concerns arising from the increasingly global nature of the economy. Some claims have been made that lowering the corporate tax rate would raise revenue because of the behavioral responses, an effect that is linked to an open economy. Although the corporate tax has generally been viewed as contributing to a more progressive tax system because the burden falls on capital income and thus on higher-income individuals, claims have also been made that the burden falls not on owners of capital, but on labor income. The analysis in this report suggests that many of the concerns expressed about the corporate tax are not supported by empirical evidence. Claims that behavioral responses could cause revenues to rise if rates were cut do not hold up on either a theoretical or an empirical basis. Studies that purport to show a revenue-maximizing corporate tax rate of 30% (a rate lower than the current statutory tax rate) contain econometric errors that lead to biased and inconsistent results; when those problems are corrected the results disappear. Cross-country studies to provide direct evidence showing that the burden of the corporate tax actually falls on labor yield unreasonable results and prove to suffer from econometric flaws that also lead to a disappearance of the results when corrected, in those cases where data were obtained and the results replicated. Many studies that have been cited are not relevant to the United States because they reflect wage bargaining approaches and unions have virtually disappeared from the private sector in the United States. Overall, the evidence suggests that the tax is largely borne by capital. Similarly, claims that high U.S. tax rates will create problems for the United States in a global economy suffer from a misrepresentation of the U.S. tax rate compared with other countries and are less important when capital is imperfectly mobile, as it appears to be. Although these new arguments appear to rely on questionable methods, the traditional concerns about the corporate tax appear valid. While an argument may be made that the tax is still needed as a backstop to individual tax collections, it does result in some economic distortions. These economic distortions, however, have declined substantially over time as corporate rates and shares of output have fallen. Moreover, it is difficult to lower the corporate tax without creating a way of sheltering individual income given the low tax rates on dividends and capital gains. A number of revenue-neutral changes are available that could reduce these distortions, allow for a lower corporate statutory tax rate, and lead to a more efficient corporate tax system. These changes include base broadening, reducing the benefits of debt finance through inflation indexing, taxing large pass-through firms as corporations, and reducing the tax at the firm level offset by an increase at the individual level. Nevertheless, the scope for reducing the tax rate in a revenue-neutral way may be limited.
Author: George K. Yin
Author: George K. Yin
Author: Martin A. Sullivan
Author: Benjamin Carton
Author: Steven A. Bank
Author: Kimberly Clausing
Author: Cathie J. Martin
Author: Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Author: Lex Fullarton
Author: United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation
Author: Jane Gravelle