Convergent Evolution PDF Download

Author: George R. McGhee
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262016427
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 335

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Book Description
Convergent evolution occurs on all levels, from tiny organic molecules to entire ecosystems of species.

Author: Richard Hubert
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471236551
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description
The only complete technical guide to building integrated business systems using the convergent architecture approach In his groundbreaking Business Engineering with Object Technology (0-471-04521-7), David Taylor introduced the concept of convergent architecture (CA), a framework for building the business design directly into the software systems that support it. Now, in this important follow-up to that 1995 classic, expert Richard Hubert provides systems developers and architects with their first complete blueprint for building integrated CA business systems using the hottest technologies, including Enterprise JavaBeans, XML, UML, Rational Rose, and others. Following a detailed introduction to the elements of CA, he walks readers through the entire CA design and implementation process, using examples in Java and EJB to illustrate key points. Companion Website provides hands-on tutorials, links to related tool sites, and updates to the CA methodology.

Author: Woody Bing Liu
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000392821
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 207

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Book Description
Convergent Journalism is an online news system that uses a range of media and methods to collect and present information. With the advent and growth of the Internet, this form of news has been flourishing globally and has become the mainstream in China. In 2014, the Chinese Government established media convergence as a national strategy. This book offers a panoramic view of the theories and practice of Convergent Journalism in a Chinese media landscape. Drawing on a plethora of cases, the author introduces concepts, subjects, and processes, and elaborates on media components including text, visuals, audio, and video. In addition, he discusses the application of search engine optimization, hyperlinks in reporting, user interaction, and user creation of content. Aside from providing an in-depth theoretical analysis, the book provides much guidance for practitioners. Students, scholars, and professionals of communication studies, journalism, and media studies will benefit from this book.

Author: Charles Swartz
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812833870
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Book Description
If ? is a space of scalar-valued sequences, then a series ?j xj in a topological vector space X is ?-multiplier convergent if the series ?j=1ì tjxj converges in X for every {tj} î?. This monograph studies properties of such series and gives applications to topics in locally convex spaces and vector-valued measures. A number of versions of the Orlicz-Pettis theorem are derived for multiplier convergent series with respect to various locally convex topologies. Variants of the classical Hahn-Schur theorem on the equivalence of weak and norm convergent series in ?1 are also developed for multiplier convergent series. Finally, the notion of multiplier convergent series is extended to operator-valued series and vector-valued multipliers.

Author: L.E. Evens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400980248
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 453

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Book Description
When the Board of Directors of the Belgian Ophthalmological Soci ety, in its session of November 26th 1978, asked me to prepare a report on strabismus to be presented at the joint meeting of the Dutch and Belgian Ophthalmological Societies to be held on June 13th 1981, I felt greatly honored but still more overwhelmed by the immensity of the task. I took advantage of the complete liberty given to me by the Board of Directors, first to limit the work to one particular form of strabismus, i.e. the convergent comitant form; second, to seek the help of what I thought to be the best strabologists in the Low Countries; third, to aim not at an encyclopedic treatise but at a practical volume destined to the general ophthalmologist. This volume is thus limited to the various aspects of convergent strabismus, more accurately of comitant convergent strabismus. The omission of the word" comitant" is purposely made to avoid the dif fic'ulties accompanying the explanation of this term and all the acroba tics needed to explain that most comitant strabismus are not complete ly comitant. The choice of this particular form of strabismus seems logical. First of all, it is the most common form of strabismus. On the other hand, most principles concerning examination and treatment can with some modifications be applied to other forms of strabismus.

Author: Vincent L. Bels
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031114418
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 594

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Book Description
This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about what is necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.

Author: George R. McGhee, Jr.
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262042738
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333

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Book Description
An analysis of patterns of convergent evolution on Earth that suggests where we might look for similar convergent forms on other planets. Why does a sea lily look like a palm tree? And why is a sea lily called a “lily” when it is a marine animal and not a plant? Many marine animals bear a noticeable similarity in form to land-dwelling plants. And yet these marine animal forms evolved in the oceans first; land plants independently and convergently evolved similar forms much later in geologic time. In this book, George McGhee analyzes patterns of convergent evolution on Earth and argues that these patterns offer lessons for the search for life elsewhere in the universe. Our Earth is a water world; 71 percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. The fossil record shows that multicellular life on dry land is a new phenomenon; for the vast majority of the earth's history—3,500 million years of its 4,560 million years of existence—complex life existed only in the oceans. Explaining that convergent biological evolution occurs because of limited evolutionary pathways, McGhee examines examples of convergent evolution in forms of feeding, immobility and mobility, defense, and organ systems. McGhee suggests that the patterns of convergent evolution that we see in our own water world indicate the potential for similar convergent forms in other water worlds. We should search for extraterrestrial life on water worlds, and for technological life on water worlds with continental landmasses.

Author: Ted R Schultz
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262543206
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 339

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Book Description
Contributors explore common elements in the evolutionary histories of both human and insect agriculture resulting from convergent evolution. During the past 12,000 years, agriculture originated in humans as many as twenty-three times, and during the past 65 million years, agriculture also originated in nonhuman animals at least twenty times and in insects at least fifteen times. It is much more likely that these independent origins represent similar solutions to the challenge of growing food than that they are due purely to chance. This volume seeks to identify common elements in the evolutionary histories of both human and insect agriculture that are the results of convergent evolution. The goal is to create a new, synthetic field that characterizes, quantifies, and empirically documents the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that drive both human and nonhuman agriculture. The contributors report on the results of quantitative analyses comparing human and nonhuman agriculture; discuss evolutionary conflicts of interest between and among farmers and cultivars and how they interfere with efficiencies of agricultural symbiosis; describe in detail agriculture in termites, ambrosia beetles, and ants; and consider patterns of evolutionary convergence in different aspects of agriculture, comparing fungal parasites of ant agriculture with fungal parasites of human agriculture, analyzing the effects of agriculture on human anatomy, and tracing the similarities and differences between the evolution of agriculture in humans and in a single, relatively well-studied insect group, fungus-farming ants.

Author: Huw S. Groucutt
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030461262
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Book Description
This volume brings together diverse contributions from leading archaeologists and paleoanthropologists, covering various spatial and temporal periods to distinguish convergent evolution from cultural transmission in order to see if we can discover ancient human populations. With a focus on lithic technology, the book analyzes ancient materials and cultures to systematically explore the theoretical and physical aspects of culture, convergence, and populations in human evolution and prehistory. The book will be of interest to academics, students and researchers in archaeology, paleoanthropology, genetics, and paleontology. The book begins by addressing early prehistory, discussing the convergent evolution of behaviors and the diverse ecological conditions driving the success of different evolutionary paths. Chapters discuss these topics and technology in the context of the Lower Paleolithic/Earlier Stone age and Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age. The book then moves towards a focus on the prehistory of our species over the last 40,000 years. Topics covered include the human evolutionary and dispersal consequences of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition in Western Eurasia. Readers will also learn about the cultural convergences, and divergences, that occurred during the Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene, such as the budding of human societies in the Americas. The book concludes by integrating these various perspectives and theories, and explores different methods of analysis to link technological developments and cultural convergence.

Author: C. Wess Daniels
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN: 1498201199
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 241

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Book Description
A Convergent Model of Renewal addresses a perceived crisis for faith traditions. How do we continue to value tradition while allowing for innovative and contextual expressions of faith to emerge? How do we foster deeper participation and decentralization of power rather than entrenched institutionalism? Drawing on insights from contemporary philosophy, contextual theology, and participatory culture, C. Wess Daniels calls for a revitalization of faith traditions. In A Convergent Model of Renewal he proposes a model that holds together both tradition and innovation in ways that foster participatory change. This convergent model of renewal is then applied to two case studies based in the Quaker tradition: one from the early part of the tradition and the second from an innovative community today. The model, however, is capable of being implemented and adapted by communities with various faith backgrounds.