Author: Randall W. Stone Publisher: ISBN: 9781139076333 Category : International agencies Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
How is the United States able to control the IMF with only 17 per cent of the votes? How are the rules of the global economy made? This book shows how a combination of formal and informal rules explains how international organizations really work. Randall W. Stone argues that formal rules apply in ordinary times, while informal power allows leading states to exert control when the stakes are high. International organizations are therefore best understood as equilibrium outcomes that balance the power and interests of the leading state and the member countries. Presenting a new model of institutional design and comparing the IMF, WTO, and EU, Stone argues that institutional variations reflect the distribution of power and interests. He shows that US interests influence the size, terms, and enforcement of IMF programs, and new data, archival documents, and interviews reveal the shortcomings of IMF programs in Mexico, Russia, Korea, Indonesia, and Argentina.
Author: José María Maravall Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521884101 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
How much influence do citizens have to control the government? What guides voters at election time? Why do governments survive? How do institutions modify the power of the people over politicians? The book combines academic analytical rigor with comparative analysis to identify how much information voters must have to select a politician for office, or for holding a government accountable; whether parties in power can help voters to control their governments; how different institutional arrangements influence voters' control; why politicians choose particular electoral systems; and what economic and social conditions may undermine not only governments, but democracy. Arguments are backed by vast macro and micro empirical evidence. There are cross-country comparisons and survey analyses of many countries. In every case there has been an attempt to integrate analytical arguments and empirical research. The goal is to shed new light on perplexing questions of positive democratic theory.
Author: Randall W. Stone Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139495666 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
How is the United States able to control the IMF with only 17 per cent of the votes? How are the rules of the global economy made? This book shows how a combination of formal and informal rules explains how international organizations really work. Randall W. Stone argues that formal rules apply in ordinary times, while informal power allows leading states to exert control when the stakes are high. International organizations are therefore best understood as equilibrium outcomes that balance the power and interests of the leading state and the member countries. Presenting a new model of institutional design and comparing the IMF, WTO, and EU, Stone argues that institutional variations reflect the distribution of power and interests. He shows that US interests influence the size, terms, and enforcement of IMF programs, and new data, archival documents, and interviews reveal the shortcomings of IMF programs in Mexico, Russia, Korea, Indonesia, and Argentina.
Author: United States Government Accountability Office Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 0359541828 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.
Author: Miroslava Scholten Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1789905427 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
Controlling EU Agencies launches the debate on how to build a comprehensive system of controls in light of the ongoing trends of agencification and Europeanisation of the executive in the EU.
Author: Ying Wang Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443854875 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
Minban schools have established their position in China’s education system. This book applies the theories of new institutionalism to the minban school as an organization and as a party in relationships with other institutions. It explores the features of the evolving institutional environment of education and the strategies that minban schools have adopted to manage the institutions in this environment. There are four types of minban schools: the international minban school, the privately funded minban school, the publicly affiliated minban school, and the converted minban school. A qualitative research methodology in the form of a multiple-case study was used for the analysis. Eight minban secondary schools in Taiyuan and Shenzhen were chosen to represent the various types of minban schools. The study shows that the re-emergence of free market principles, the decentralization of government and the accompanying segmentation of power and authority, bureaucratic and consumerist expectations of teachers, and the commodification of education have engendered an increasingly fragmented institutional environment, which allowed minban schools to thrive. The book reveals that the institutional environment is multi-faceted and ambiguous: during China’s controlled decentralization, organizations and institutions have shaped each other. Minban schools adopt various strategies to cope with institutional pressure. This study provides a systematic understanding of the operation of minban schools by locating the schools in a ‘differential order’, which determines their choice of strategy: international schools choose isolation; privately funded schools, avoidance; affiliated schools, advocacy; and converted schools, capitalization. It also illustrates how the bureaucracy functions in China’s local governments. The various case studies confirm that the government still maintains substantial control over minban schools through the power granted by the bureaucratic structure, which allows them to direct the institutional environment by introducing new regulations and forms of governance.
Author: Augusto Lopez-Claros Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108476961 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 561
Book Description
Identifies the major weaknesses in the current United Nations system and proposes fundamental reforms to address each. This title is also available as Open Access.
Author: Terry Cook Publisher: Rittenhouse Book Distributors ISBN: 9781931666367 Category : Archival materials Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
"[In this volume], twenty leading archivists honor Helen Willa Samuels ... by exploring the theme of documenting modern society and its institutions, and carefully considering the implications arising from the archivist's control over social memory ... The first nine essays explore the rich contexts in which the appraisal of potential archival sources takes place and focus on understanding and managing all documentation to select the small percentage that will survive in archives. Several chapters trace how the profession is being radically transformed in the digital age with topics such as making a case for electronic records management, documenting appraisal as a societal-archival process, and challenging stereotypes about corporate archives"--P. [4] of cover.
Author: Andreas Bågenholm Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0191899003 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 881
Book Description
Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. This Handbook offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identifies viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. A second set of chapters examines the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratization, social trust and cohesion, ethnic diversity, happiness and human wellbeing, democratic accountability, economic growth and inequality, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. The remaining chapters turn to the perennial issue of which contextual factors and policy approaches—national, local, and international—have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The Quality of Government approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues relating to corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.
Author: Randall W. Stone
Author: José María Maravall
Author: Randall W. Stone
Author: United States Government Accountability Office
Author: Miroslava Scholten
Author: Elinor Ostrom
Author: Ying Wang
Author: Augusto Lopez-Claros
Author: Terry Cook
Author: Andreas Bågenholm