Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People's Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia PDF Download

Author: Yorbol Yakhshilikov
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Understanding people's knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions (KAPP) about and toward risk is an important step in determining which cost-effective measure to adopt. It also is important in assessing poor people's willingness to adopt cost-effective prevention and control measures for reducing the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Although studies in several countries indicate some level of awareness about HPAI, practices and attitudes for preventing and controlling HPAI disease spread and outbreaks have not changed (Fielding et al. 2005, Maton et al. 2007, DiGiuseppe et al. 2008, Leslie et al. 2008).

Author: Marcelle Thomas
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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The potential impact of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in Ethiopia is assessed, specifically on the country's poultry and associated sectors. Ethiopia has not yet experienced an HPAI outbreak but has experienced a scare. An HPAI outbreak would cause a supply and demand shock to the poultry sector. Whereas supply shocks would be related directly to the disease and be local, demand shocks would be more dispersed across regions. Results of a dynamic spatially disaggregated multimarket model indicate that, given the poultry sector's small contribution to the Ethiopian economy, the likely overall effect of an HPAI outbreak on the economy would be small. Importantly, for the same reason that aggregate impacts are likely to be small, the livelihood impact could be large, because poor households participate significantly in poultry production.

Author: James Thurlow
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Languages : en
Pages : 7

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While some African countries have not yet experienced outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), they remain vulnerable, both in terms of susceptibility and potential economic losses. Kenya is one of these vulnerable countries. Its position along migratory bird routes and proximity to other high risk countries make Kenya particularly susceptible to a potential HPAI outbreak. The threat of avian flu has caused many households in Kenya to limit their consumption of poultry products and the Kenyan government has also banned poultry imports (Nyaga, 2007; Omiti and Okuthe, 2009). Thus, even without a confirmed outbreak, avian flu may undermine the poultry sector with adverse impacts on agricultural livelihoods.

Author: Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Ghana experienced three confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in 2007. The virus was detected on commercial farms of different sizes in three regions: in the Tema area (Greater Accra region) at the end of April, in the Sunyani area (Brong Ahafo region) in May, and in the Ketu district (Volta region) in June. These outbreaks were successfully controlled by the Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD), and no outbreaks have been recorded in the country since. However, the VSD is in a state of high alert because the virus is still circulating in West Africa (Aning et al. 2008).

Author: Yorbol Yakhshilikov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6

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In the absence of market data on the price of poultry before and after the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), one method of capturing the costs of HPAI on farmers' income is the use of non-market valuation techniques, such as the contingent valuation (CV) method (Whitehead 2006). This brief presents the results of a CV study that aimed at capturing farmers' willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for birds with three different health statuses due to an HPAI outbreak--1) healthy, 2) risky, or 3) sick. The differences among farmers' willingness to accept compensation for these three types of birds could indicate the extent of the economic costs that may be borne by farmers in the case of an HPAI outbreak. Moreover, the WTA compensation levels could be used to inform the design of efficient, effective, and equitable compensation schemes. This study also investigated that the impact of farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of HPAI as well as their poultry-production and household-level characteristics on their WTA compensation (i.e., the HPAI costs that they would bear).

Author: Xinshen Diao
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Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Since its emergence in Africa in 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype has spread rapidly to poultry farms in several countries, including Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger, and Nigeria (FAO 2006; OIE 2006). In February 2006, Kaduna state in Nigeria was the first of 36 states to report the infection of poultry by H5N1 (Monne et al. 2008). By April 2006, more than 325,000 chickens in Nigeria alone were identified as having H5N1 virus; of these, 223,000 died of H5N1 infection and the rest were slaughtered as a control measure (You and Diao 2007). Since 2006, the infection has spread to 22 states in Nigeria (Monne et al. 2008), and there was recently one confirmed case in humans in the southern state of Lagos in February 2007 (Monne et al. 2008). Though the last outbreak occurred in October 2007, the spread of HPAI poses a challenge to the poultry industry in Nigeria (You and Diao 2007).

Author: Gezahegn Ayele
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Ethiopia supports one of the largest livestock populations in all of Africa (Alemu et al. 2008). In fact, the livestock sector accounts for 19 percent of national GDP, and as much as 40 percent of agricultural GDP (FAO 2004). At a micro level, it has been estimated that livestock supports the livelihoods of about 80 percent of the rural population (FAO 2004). Almost all (94 percent) of the country's 34 million poultry population comprises indigenous birds, revealing that the poultry subsector is characterized by small-scale household-level poultry (Central Statistical Agency (CSA) 2005; Alemu et al. 2008).

Author: James Akinwumi
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) can cause reverberations throughout the poultry marketing chain. In Nigeria, peak HPAI outbreaks in February 2006 and February 2007 affected 3,057 farms and farmers; 1.3 million of the country's 140 million birds were destroyed, and the Nigerian government paid US$5.4 million in compensation (FDL 2008). Still, policymakers may overlook some HPAI impacts, focusing upstream of the producer, whereas cumulative downstream (traders, slaughterhouses, retailers, casual employment, and support services) impacts often dwarf those at the farm level. More significantly, the failure to capture these diverse impacts may have important implications for disease evolution and control that may accentuate its impact.

Author: Benjamin Okpukpara
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Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Small-scale poultry production is an integral part of livelihoods in Nigeria, contributing to households' income, food and nutrition security, and gender equality (Kushi et al. 1998; Houndonougbo 2005; Obi et al. 2008). Almost 60 percent of Nigeria's 150 million poultry population is managed by household level poultry producers, in semi-commercial and non-commercial, small-scale, backyard, or village extensive production systems (Obi et al. 2008). The small-scale poultry production system is often defined as keeping up to 500 birds, managed mainly by family labor, and having minimal inputs and minimal to no biosecurity (Obi et al. 2008).

Author: Christoph Schmitz
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7

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Like in most African countries, the livestock sector is an important part of the economy in Ghana. At an aggregate level it contributes to about 7 percent of Ghana's GDP and more than 40 percent to the agricultural GDP (Aning et al. 2008). Within the livestock sector, poultry comprising chicken, ducks, guinea fowls, turkeys, and ostrich constitutes an integral part of the rural farming system. Though Ghana has some commercial and semi commercial large farms, most poultry production - an estimated 60 to 80 percent - takes place at a smaller scale, where chickens are free range with minimal use of purchased inputs. Ghana also imports poultry. Poultry meat imports, particularly chicken, have increased more than four times between 2000 and 2005, and they account for around 75 percent of total consumption (Aning et al. 2008).