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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A method of controlling the airflow into a compression ignition engine having an EGR and a VGT. The control strategy includes the steps of generating desired EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates as a function of the desired and measured compressor mass airflow values and exhaust manifold pressure values. The desired compressor mass airflow and exhaust manifold pressure values are generated as a function of the operator-requested fueling rate and engine speed. The EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates are then inverted to corresponding EGR and VGT actuator positions to achieve the desired compressor mass airflow rate and exhaust manifold pressure. The control strategy also includes a method of estimating the intake manifold pressure used in generating the EGR valve and VGT turbine positions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A method of controlling the airflow into a compression ignition engine having an EGR and a VGT. The control strategy includes the steps of generating desired EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates as a function of the desired and measured compressor mass airflow values and exhaust manifold pressure values. The desired compressor mass airflow and exhaust manifold pressure values are generated as a function of the operator-requested fueling rate and engine speed. The EGR and VGT turbine mass flow rates are then inverted to corresponding EGR and VGT actuator positions to achieve the desired compressor mass airflow rate and exhaust manifold pressure. The control strategy also includes a method of estimating the intake manifold pressure used in generating the EGR valve and VGT turbine positions.
Author: Xavier Llamas Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN: 9176853683 Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
The international marine shipping industry is responsible for the transport of around 90% of the total world trade. Low-speed two-stroke diesel engines usually propel the largest trading ships. This engine type choice is mainly motivated by its high fuel efficiency and the capacity to burn cheap low-quality fuels. To reduce the marine freight impact on the environment, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced stricter limits on the engine pollutant emissions. One of these new restrictions, named Tier III, sets the maximum NOx emissions permitted. New emission reduction technologies have to be developed to fulfill the Tier III limits on two-stroke engines since adjusting the engine combustion alone is not sufficient. There are several promising technologies to achieve the required NOx reductions, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is one of them. For automotive applications, EGR is a mature technology, and many of the research findings can be used directly in marine applications. However, there are some differences in marine two-stroke engines, which require further development to apply and control EGR. The number of available engines for testing EGR controllers on ships and test beds is low due to the recent introduction of EGR. Hence, engine simulation models are a good alternative for developing controllers, and many different engine loading scenarios can be simulated without the high costs of running real engine tests. The primary focus of this thesis is the development and validation of models for two-stroke marine engines with EGR. The modeling follows a Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) approach, which has a low computational complexity and permits faster than real-time simulations suitable for controller testing. A parameterization process that deals with the low measurement data availability, compared to the available data on automotive engines, is also investigated and described. As a result, the proposed model is parameterized to two different two-stroke engines showing a good agreement with the measurements in both stationary and dynamic conditions. Several engine components have been developed. One of these is a new analytic in-cylinder pressure model that captures the influence of the injection and exhaust valve timings without increasing the simulation time. A new compressor model that can extrapolate to low speeds and pressure ratios in a physically sound way is also described. This compressor model is a requirement to be able to simulate low engine loads. Moreover, a novel parameterization algorithm is shown to handle well the model nonlinearities and to obtain a good model agreement with a large number of tested compressor maps. Furthermore, the engine model is complemented with dynamic models for ship and propeller to be able to simulate transient sailing scenarios, where good EGR controller performance is crucial. The model is used to identify the low load area as the most challenging for the controller performance, due to the slower engine air path dynamics. Further low load simulations indicate that sensor bias can be problematic and lead to an undesired black smoke formation, while errors in the parameters of the controller flow estimators are not as critical. This result is valuable because for a newly built engine a proper sensor setup is more straightforward to verify than to get the right parameters for the flow estimators.
Author: Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319067370 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 197
Book Description
The book presents a complete new methodology for the on-board measurements and modeling of gas concentrations in turbocharged diesel engines. It provides the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-art in NOx and lambda estimation and describes new important achievements accomplished by the author. These include: the online characterization of lambda and NOx sensors; the development of control-oriented models of lambda and NOx emissions; the design of computationally efficient updating algorithms; and, finally, the application and evaluation of the methods on-board. Because of its technically oriented approach and innovative findings on both control-oriented algorithms and virtual sensing and observation, this book offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of control and information engineering.
Author: Bradley C. Glenn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: This work investigates the improvements in NOx emissions for a variable geometry turbo (VGT) charged diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) when electric assist is applied to the turbo-compressor. The method relies on selecting a fixed air to fuel ratio (AFR) above the no visible smoke limit that and regulating to that AFR. Simulated NOx emission results for the electrically assisted VGT engine w/ no EGR are first compared to a conventional VGT-EGR diesel engine. Then EGR control is added to the electrically assisted system and its influence on the electric assist system is studied. The control problem related to the complex gas exchange process in a Variable Geometry Turbocharged (VGT) diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been proposed. The underlying assumptions regarding the sensor set to be used, however, are often not aligned with production intent goals for industrial applications. One such assumption is the availability of an exhaust gas pressure sensor. The exhaust gas pressure measurement is essential for the prediction of the flow rates over the EGR valve and the VGT vane. Additionally assumptions are often made regarding the availability of the air mass fraction in the intake and/or exhaust gas mixtures through a wide band oxygen sensor, commercially known as the Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensor. While the appropriate sensors do exist, cost and reliability issues often force engine manufacturers and OEM's to preclude one or more of these sensors from the production intent sensor set. It therefore becomes essential to find alternate means of predicting these state variables and control inputs. In order to circumvent the assumption that all the state variables and control inputs are available, observers for the exhaust manifold pressure and the air mass fractions in the in the intake, and exhaust manifolds are proposed. A mean value diesel engine model is used and the performance of the observers is validated against data from a 2.4L Fiat VGT-EGR diesel engine.
Author: Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek Publisher: ISBN: 9783186803122 Category : Languages : de Pages : 0
Book Description
“Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation“ presents the complete scope for a model-based control design with regard to the control objective dynamical driving cycle emissions. A semi-physical air path model delivers system properties of the controlled system. Experimental models for stationary and dynamical engine raw emissions are the base for stationary and dynamical optimisations of emissions and engine torque and allow to motivate deviations between stationary and dynamical emission formation. The control concept directly incorporates semi-physical relationships and model parameters of the air path model for control of HP-EGR, LP-EGR and charging pressure. The control performance is rated with quantified stationary and dynamical contributions to the overall driving cycle emissions. All models and control methods have been experimentally parameterised and validated at an engine test bench. ...
Author: Junqiang Zhou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
The automotive industry is currently striving to improve vehicle fuel economy, while complying to stringent emission standards and keeping affordable costs. Engine downsizing with advanced turbochargers is one of the main technical solutions nowadays implemented by the industry in response to the above challenges. In particular, the adoption of advanced actuation techniques brings more degrees of freedom to improve the efficiency of breathing and combustion in internal combustion engines. However, it is understood that improvements in engine design can be effective only if matched by the ability to closely control engine breathing and combustion performance. This dissertation aims at exploiting systematic methodologies for control and optimization of over-actuated systems. Following the path of the state of the art in control theory and practice, a novel control design methodology is proposed that hinges on the characterization of redundancy for a class of over-actuated systems in geometric terms to determine the reconfigurable structure of the controller. The method relies upon the concept of inverse model allocation, where the integration of allocation module is effectively separated from stabilization of the regulated outputs, allowing one to shape the transient response by optimizing on-line a given cost function without affecting the output tracking performance. The proposed approach overcomes fundamental limitations found in current techniques and specifically addresses the need for simultaneous control and optimization of the air-path systems for advanced downsized engines. The proposed control methodology is applied to the case study of a Diesel engine air-path system equipped with Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT), Variable Geometry Compressor (VGC) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems. A comparative study against different conventional control methods shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to improve the engine performance variables, as well as the overall reduction in design and calibration costs.
Author: Constantine D. Rakopoulos Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848823754 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Traditionally, the study of internal combustion engines operation has focused on the steady-state performance. However, the daily driving schedule of automotive and truck engines is inherently related to unsteady conditions. In fact, only a very small portion of a vehicle’s operating pattern is true steady-state, e. g. , when cruising on a motorway. Moreover, the most critical conditions encountered by industrial or marine engines are met during transients too. Unfortunately, the transient operation of turbocharged diesel engines has been associated with slow acceleration rate, hence poor driveability, and overshoot in particulate, gaseous and noise emissions. Despite the relatively large number of published papers, this very important subject has been treated in the past scarcely and only segmentally as regards reference books. Merely two chapters, one in the book Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine by N. Watson and M. S. Janota (McMillan Press, 1982) and another one written by D. E. Winterbone in the book The Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of Internal Combustion Engines, Vol. II edited by J. H. Horlock and D. E. Winterbone (Clarendon Press, 1986) are dedicated to transient operation. Both books, now out of print, were published a long time ago. Then, it seems reasonable to try to expand on these pioneering works, taking into account the recent technological advances and particularly the global concern about environmental pollution, which has intensified the research on transient (diesel) engine operation, typically through the Transient Cycles certification of new vehicles.
Author: Eran Sher Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080532756 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 689
Book Description
This handbook is an important and valuable source for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines pollution control. It provides an excellent updated review of available knowledge in this field and furnishes essential and useful information on air pollution constituents, mechanisms of formation, control technologies, effects of engine design, effects of operation conditions, and effects of fuel formulation and additives. The text is rich in explanatory diagrams, figures and tables, and includes a considerable number of references. An important resource for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines and pollution control Presents and excellent updated review of the available knowledge in this area Written by 23 experts Provides over 700 references and more than 500 explanatory diagrams, figures and tables
Author: Masaaki Okubo Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0128123087 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors’ extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
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Author: 
Author: Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek
Author: Xavier Llamas
Author: Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez
Author: Bradley C. Glenn
Author: Matthias Patrick Alexander Mrosek
Author: Junqiang Zhou
Author: Constantine D. Rakopoulos
Author: Eran Sher
Author: Masaaki Okubo