Contribution à l'étude de l'applicabilité des bio-traitements à membrane dans le traitement des eaux usées contaminées par le bisphénol-A et autres polluants organiques et inorganiques PDF Download

Author: Brahima Seyhi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Category : Libel and slander
Languages : fr
Pages : 1

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Author: Bruno Lacoste
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 229

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L'EPURATION DE LA POLLUTION ORGANIQUE DES EAUX USEES, URBAINES OU INDUSTRIELLES, FAIT ESSENTIELLEMENT APPEL ACTUELLEMENT A DES PROCEDES BIOLOGIQUES ANAEROBIES OU AEROBIES. DANS CE DERNIER CAS, LES PROCEDES A BOUES ACTIVEES SONT PARMI LES PLUS COURANTS MAIS NECESSITENT DE GRANDS VOLUMES. LES BIOREACTEURS A MEMBRANES PRESENTENT L'AVANTAGE DE LA COMPACITE ET L'OBTENTION D'UN EFFLUENT DE TRES BONNE QUALITE CONSTANTE MEME A TRES FORTE CHARGE. LES MEMBRANES MINERALES, PARTICULIEREMENT RESISTANTES ONT ETE ETUDIEES DANS NOTRE PILOTE POUR LE TRAITEMENT EN AEROBIOSE D'UNE EAU USEE URBAINE SYNTHETIQUE. NOUS PROPOSONS UN NOUVEAU SYSTEME DANS LEQUEL LE BIOREACTEUR FAISAIT CORPS AVEC LE MODULE DE FILTRATION UTILISE, SUPPRIMANT AINSI TOUT BASSIN CONVENTIONNEL. L'ETUDE DU COLMATAGE MONTRE L'IMPORTANCE DES COMPOSES ISSUS DE LA LYSE BACTERIENNE ET DE CEUX PRODUITS PENDANT LA PHASE DE RALENTISSEMENT DE CROISSANCE DE LA BIOMASSE. LE COLMATAGE TRES RAPIDE DES MEMBRANES EST EVITABLE EN UTILISANT UN DECOLMATEUR A FLUX INVERSE ET EN PRATIQUANT DES PURGES DE BOUES REGULIERES. LA BIOMASSE EST MAINTENUE A UNE VALEUR MOYENNE DE 15 G/L, LE FLUX DE FILTRAT ETANT COMPRIS ENTRE 25 ET 35 L/H.M2 SELON LA POROSITE DE LA MEMBRANE. LA QUALITE DE L'EFFLUENT OBTENU EN SORTIE EST EN TOUS POINTS COMPARABLE OU SUPERIEURE A CELLE D'UNE STATION A BOUES ACTIVEES TRAVAILLANT EN AERATION PROLONGEE. SEULE LA NITRIFICATION EST ENCORE TROP INCOMPLETE. AUCUN DES MODELES CLASSIQUES TESTES NE PERMET D'EXPLIQUER CE QUI SE PASSE APRES LA PHASE DE DECROISSANCE RAPIDE DU FLUX

Author: Matthieu Jacob
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Les procédés de réutilisation des eaux usées doivent être robustes, fiables et rentables pour que leur utilisation se démocratise et devienne complémentaire des traitements des eaux de surface. Le couplage d'un procédé biologique et de procédés membranaires représente une solution prometteuse pour répondre à ces challenges. Cette étude se focalise sur l'impact des conditions de fonctionnement du procédé secondaire (en particulier par bioréacteur à membrane BAM) sur le colmatage du procédé tertiaire de nanofiltration (NF) ou d'osmose inverse (OI) ainsi que sur le devenir des micropolluants et microorganismes tout au long de la chaine de traitement. Dans un premier temps, des expériences à court terme de filtration avec différentes membrane NF et d'OI ont été réalisées afin de caractériser les interactions entre effluents secondaires et membranes. Il a ainsi été observé de très fortes rétentions de tous les micropolluants ciblés par la Directive Cadre Européenne. En termes de colmatage, la chute de flux de l'OI, essentiellement liée pour ces essais de courte durée à une augmentation de pression osmotique puis à un dépôt de cristaux minéraux, peut être maîtrisée en contrôlant le pH et la concentration en carbonate et phosphate de l'effluent secondaire. Par ailleurs, des chutes de flux plus importantes sont observées lors des filtrations réalisées avec les membranes de NF qui sont plus sensibles au colmatage irréversible. Dans un second temps, l'optimisation de la filière de traitement des eaux usées urbaines couplant un bioréacteur à membranes à un procédé d'OI a été réalisée à partir d'une unité pilote fonctionnant en continu. La sélection de conditions opératoires adéquates a permis de faire fonctionner le procédé d'OI pendant plus de quatre mois sans qu'aucune maintenance ne soit réalisée. Une faible chute de flux de l'OI, linéaire sur toute la période de filtration, essentiellement dû à l'adsorption de molécules organiques à la surface de la membrane, a été observée. Sur l'ensemble de la période d'essais, la filière BAM/OI permet d'obtenir un abattement optimal en micropolluants présents. Lorsque des micropolluants sont injectés à des concentrations plus élevées (simulation d'une brusque dégradation de la qualité des eaux en entrée de filière) dans le bioréacteur, une chute de l'activité de la biomasse couplée à un relargage de produits microbiens solubles peut être observée. Néanmoins, ces pics de pollution n'ont eu aucun impact sur le colmatage de la membrane du BAM ni sur celle de l'OI. La filière BAM-OI permet donc de garantir un taux de rejet élevé et une productivité d'environ 15 L.h-1.m2 quelles que soient les fluctuations de la composition de l'eau usée urbaine à traiter.

Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821385631
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.

Author: Christine Parent
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354030326X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.

Author: Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789535152682
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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This book is an example of a successful addition to the literature of bioengineering and processing control within the scientific world. The book is divided into twelve chapters covering: selected topics in food engineering, advances in food process engineering, food irradiation, food safety and quality, machine vision, control systems and economics processing. All chapters have been written by renowned professionals working in food engineering and related disciplines.

Author: Steven Ricke
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128004045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 466

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Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. - Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens - Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation - Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food - Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods

Author: Montserrat Espiñeira
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081003218
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies: Improving Quality Throughout the Food Chain covers in detail a topic of great importance to both the food industry which is obliged to provide clear and accurate labeling of their products and the government and other organizations which are tasked with verification of claims of food quality and safety. The traceability of food products is becoming ever more important as globalization continues to increase the complexity of food chains. Coverage in the book includes the wide range of technologies and techniques which have been utilized in the tracing of food products. In addition, the ways in which the misuse of food traceability will affect the quality of food is also covered throughout. The first part of the book introduces the concept of traceability in the food industry, highlighting advantages of a robust traceability and the difficulties involved in implementing them. The second part looks at the technologies used to trace products, and the third section reviews the legal requirements for food traceability in the EU, the US, and the rest of the world. The final section contains a number of case studies which evaluate how food traceability has been successfully implemented in various foods focusing on the quality of the food. - Provides a wide ranging overview of all recent advances in food traceability techniques and technologies - Presents case studies covering when food traceability techniques have been applied to a range of food stuffs - Covers the legal aspects of food traceability in the EU, the USA, and around the world