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Author: Dalia Marin Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262263757 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
An institutional approach to explaining countertrade and barter in international trade and domestic trade in transition economies. Difficulties in contract enforcement impede international transactions in the world economy and domestic transactions in transition economies. In Contracts in Trade and Transition, Dalia Marin and Monika Schnitzer explain how barter as an economic institution can facilitate contract enforcement across national borders in international trade and within borders in transition countries. The authors show that international countertrade—tying an export to an import—emerged in the 1980s in response to the international debt crisis when Western creditors refused to finance imports to developing countries and Eastern Europe. Barter—the exchange of goods without the use of money—reemerged in transition economies in the 1990s in response to a domestic debt crisis when banks in transition countries were reluctant to provide finance to firms. Countertrade and barter introduce a deal-specific form of collateral that addresses the lack of creditworthiness of countries and firms. Drawing on contract theory, the authors argue that parties might want to pay in goods rather than cash or link an export with an import as in countertrade to solve incentive problems that otherwise would prevent any trade from taking place. The incentive problems they discuss are the technology transfer problem to developing countries and the "lack of trust" problem in the former Soviet Union.
Author: Eugen Dimant Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3640820290 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 97.5%, Ottawa University, course: Multinational Business Policy, language: English, abstract: Stemming from the ongoing globalization, the process of global integration and international trade has accelerated ever since. Where back in the days the trade was more or less bounded to inter-regional trade with customers, partners and countries in close proximity, nowadays goods are shipped throughout the world, costs of transportation have decreased, time to market has increased and thus the needs and desires can be served almost instantly throughout the world particularly because of the continuous support of the WTO, where "a plethora of bilateral and regional trading and economic cooperation agreements have been mushrooming globally, and increasingly in the Asia-Pacific, generating a wave of "new regionalism" in Asia" (Sen; Srivastava 2009: 194). Concerned by the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the ASEAN countries were under the impression of a slowdown in pace of trade liberalization and thus this put pressure on these countries to engage sustainably in mutual beneficial trade and economic integration. By that, "at a theoretical level regional economic integration is being taken to mean deepening of intra-regional trade, expansion of mutual foreign direct investment (FDI) and harmonization of commercial regulations, standards and practices." (Ekanayake; Veeramacheneni 2009: 2). This proceeding integration in ASEAN has mainly been motivated by the intention to create an attractive production base and to satisfy the rising competitive challenge on the part of China and India for both, domestic and foreign companies. (Hew; Sen 2004: 1-2). The impact especially of the ASEAN countries has raised over time, mainly in comparison to the OECD countries. "At the same time that developing Asia‟s share in ASEAN trade has been rising substantially (from about one-third t
Author: Dorothy I. Riddle Publisher: United Nations Publications ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) covers a wide range of international service transactions and aims to reduce and eventually eliminate regulatory restrictions. This guide informs the business community of the key features of the multilateral system of trade rules covering services and identifies the main opportunities and challenges.
Author: Stephen J. Randall Publisher: University of Calgary Press ISBN: 1895176638 Category : Business and politics Languages : en Pages : 441
Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social, cultural and political dimensions of the evolving trilateral relationship among the three countries of North America. Contributors address such topics as energy, the environment, trade, labour, the maquiladora industrial sector of Mexico, the Mexican auto industry, and Canada - U.S. cultural relations.While other publications have focused on U.S. issues, this one emphasizes Canada and Mexico, yet adds significantly to our understanding of the place of the United States in this evolving trilateral relationship.
Author: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Publisher: ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Author: Dalia Marin
Author: Dalia Marin
Author: Simon Johnson
Author: Dalia Marin
Author: Wilbur F. Monroe
Author: Eugen Dimant
Author: Dorothy I. Riddle
Author: Benjamin Ted Wilson
Author: Centre for Co-operation with Economies in Transition
Author: Stephen J. Randall
Author: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development