Continental Basin and Orogenic Processes: Tectonic Deformation and Associated Landscape and Environmental Evolution PDF Download

Author: Xuhua Shi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889769828
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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Author: Hanlin Chen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832503969
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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Author: Sydney Procter Clark
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813722187
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Author: Yildirim Dilek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 660

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"The Mediterranean region and Asia provide a natural laboratory to investigate the driving forces of continental tectonics in an ongoing collisional orogen and the crustal and mantle response to various modes of deformation associated with plate boundary processes. The multidisciplinary research efforts in this region over the last fifteen years have produced a wealth of new data to better understand the interplay and feedback mechanisms between crustal and mantle processes and the dynamic landscape evolution in a complexly deforming area. A number of discrete collisional events between the Gondwana-derived continental fragments (i.e., Adria, Pelagonia, Arabia, India) and Eurasia controlled the geodynamics of the Mediterranean region and Asia during the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. This book is a collection of research papers, presenting new data, interpretations, and syntheses on various aspects of the collision-induced tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and geomorphic processes that have affected the evolution of this orogenic belt. It should help us better understand the mode and nature of tectonic and magmatic processes and crustal evolution in active collision zones, and the distribution and causes of seismic and volcanic events and their impact on landscape evolution."--Publisher's website.

Author: Sean D. Willett
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813723981
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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"The Liwu River runs a short course; its channel head at the water divide in Taiwan's Central Range is a mere 35 km from its outflow into the Pacific Ocean. But in those short 35 km, the Liwu has carved one of the world's geographic wonders: the spectacular Taroko Gorge with marble and granite walls soaring nearly 1000 m above the river channel. Taroko Gorge was a fitting venue for a 2003 Penrose Conference that addressed the coupled processes of tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. The young mountains, extreme weather, and dramatic landforms provided an appropriate backdrop to wide-ranging discussions of geomorphic processes, climate and meteorology, sediment generation and transport, the effects of erosion on tectonics, and new analytical and modeling tools used to address these processes and problems. This volume's papers extend that discussion, reaching across fields that have experienced rapid advances in the past decade."--Publisher's website.

Author: John J. W. Rogers
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019029020X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.

Author: Min Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology, Structural
Languages : en
Pages : 171

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The central Rocky Mountains in western U.S.A. is a geologic province formed by the low-angle subduction of the Farallon oceanic plate under the North American continental plate during the latest Cretaceous - early Eocene Laramide orogeny. The tectonic processes and mechanism, the paleotopography and depositional environment, and the evolution of continental hydroclimate during the Laramide deformation remain controversial. This dissertation examines the tectonic processes of the Laramide orogeny throughout the entire central Rocky Mountains, and paleotopography, depositional processes, and paleoclimate in the Greater Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming. The first project of this study uses a 2D flexural subsidence modeling method to explore the mechanism that links the surface deformation pattern to deep mantle processes during the Laramide deformation. The stiffness of Wyoming lithosphere decreased spatially from northeastern Wyoming (Te=32 - 46 km) to southwestern Wyoming (Te=6 - 9 km), while varied slightly in each basin during the ~30 Myr duration of the Laramide deformation. We attribute this southwestward weakening pattern to bending stresses, crust-mantle decoupling and end load effect. We also suggest a two-stage Laramide deformation based on the accelerated uplift of Laramide mountains during the early Eocene. The second project combines lithofacies analysis, sandstone petrography and oxygen isotope paleoaltimetry to examine the depositional environment, sediment provenance, and paleotopography of the early Paleogene Greater Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming. The reconstructed paleoelevation of the Uinta Mountains to the south of the Greater Green River Basin was at least 3.5 km during the earliest Eocene. Surface uplift of the Uinta Mountains during the earliest Eocene resulted in changes in drainage pattern, depositional environment and sediment sources in the Greater Green River Basin. The third project uses multiple climate proxies including bulk organic carbon isotope record ([delta]13Corg), paleosol morphology, atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) to study the continental hydroclimate characteristics in the Greater Green River Basin during the late Paleocene-early Eocene. Two negative [delta]13Corg excursions were recognized, representing two early Paleogene hyperthermals: PETM and ETM-2. The climate in the basin was generally warm and humid during late Paleocene - early Eocene, but transient drying occurred during the extreme hot hyperthermals.

Author: Stefano Mazzoli
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813724147
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description
"This Special Paper includes a selection of material on the various contractional styles and modes of deformation in internal and external zones, and in deep and shallow parts of orogens. The collection of case studies discusses a broad range of processes and phenomena, including thrust tectonic styles (detachment-dominated vs. thick-skinned, or crustal ramp-dominated) in different subduction and collision orogens; modes and timing of thrust-fold and fabric development; the role of tectonic inversion processes and of strain localization vs. distributed deformation; and syn-convergence extensional deformation (and related tectonic exhumation) in orogens. Case studies are from the Zagros, the Apennines, the Appalachians, the Tasmanides of Eastern Australia, and the Moine Thrust Belt. A review of the main subduction- and collision-related orogens of the world is also provided, including the Alps, the Himalayas, the North American Cordillera, the Andes, the Caledonides of Scotland, the Appalachians, the Alice Springs orogeny in Australia, and the Aleutian and Makran accretionary wedges."--Publisher's website.

Author: Craig Benjamin
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 100018658X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 507

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Book Description
The Routledge Companion to Big History guides readers though the variety of themes and concepts that structure contemporary scholarship in the field of big history. The volume is divided into five parts, each representing current and evolving areas of interest to the community, including big history’s relationship to science, social science, the humanities, and the future, as well as teaching big history and ‘little big histories’. Considering an ever-expanding range of theoretical, pedagogical and research topics, the book addresses such questions as what is the relationship between big history and scientific research, how are big historians working with philosophers and religious thinkers to help construct ‘meaning’, how are leading theoreticians making sense of big history and its relationship to other creation narratives and paradigms, what is ‘little big history’, and how does big history impact on thinking about the future? The book highlights the place of big history in historiographical traditions and the ways in which it can be used in education and public discourse across disciplines and at all levels. A timely collection with contributions from leading proponents in the field, it is the ideal guide for those wanting to engage with the theories and concepts behind big history.

Author: R.D. van der Hilst
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355

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The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues.After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr). A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations.Important conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.