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Author: Denisa Gandara Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
In recent years, numerous state-level policies intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of higher education have emerged and, in some cases, re-emerged. One such policy that has gained traction in states is performance-based funding--a method of tying state funding for public higher education institutions directly to institutions' performance on pre-specified metrics. This approach represents a departure from the traditional, input-based method of allocating state funds to public colleges and universities, which has historically relied on enrollment counts. Grounded in a theory of policy design that draws attention to the value-laden elements of the policy process, this study examined performance funding policy design, both policy design content and process, in two states: Colorado and Texas. For the analysis, this study employed a multiple case study research design and drew on interviews with 34 policy actors, over a dozen observations of legislative and state higher education agency proceedings, and over 300 documents. Findings from this study indicate that performance funding model designs are overwhelmingly a function of higher education institutions' self-interest, particularly in contexts where institutional representatives have substantial authority over the model design process. The social construction of certain students (e.g., ethnic minority students) as deserving or undeserving of policy benefits also contributes to model designs. Finally, institutional representatives' political power resources are directly associated with the distribution of benefits or burdens to their institution. By deconstructing performance funding policy designs to their constituent parts, this study focused on how and why, given myriad options for performance funding policy designs, certain policy elements were chosen instead of others. This analysis of designs is especially critical given evidence that costly failures in some instances of performance funding may be attributed to poor design, including the use of inappropriate metrics. Moreover, by drawing on a theory of policy design previously unintroduced to the higher education literature and extending the performance funding research base, this study made a number of conceptual and practical contributions, including identifying important considerations for performance funding policy evaluations and for funding model design.
Author: Denisa Gandara Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
In recent years, numerous state-level policies intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of higher education have emerged and, in some cases, re-emerged. One such policy that has gained traction in states is performance-based funding--a method of tying state funding for public higher education institutions directly to institutions' performance on pre-specified metrics. This approach represents a departure from the traditional, input-based method of allocating state funds to public colleges and universities, which has historically relied on enrollment counts. Grounded in a theory of policy design that draws attention to the value-laden elements of the policy process, this study examined performance funding policy design, both policy design content and process, in two states: Colorado and Texas. For the analysis, this study employed a multiple case study research design and drew on interviews with 34 policy actors, over a dozen observations of legislative and state higher education agency proceedings, and over 300 documents. Findings from this study indicate that performance funding model designs are overwhelmingly a function of higher education institutions' self-interest, particularly in contexts where institutional representatives have substantial authority over the model design process. The social construction of certain students (e.g., ethnic minority students) as deserving or undeserving of policy benefits also contributes to model designs. Finally, institutional representatives' political power resources are directly associated with the distribution of benefits or burdens to their institution. By deconstructing performance funding policy designs to their constituent parts, this study focused on how and why, given myriad options for performance funding policy designs, certain policy elements were chosen instead of others. This analysis of designs is especially critical given evidence that costly failures in some instances of performance funding may be attributed to poor design, including the use of inappropriate metrics. Moreover, by drawing on a theory of policy design previously unintroduced to the higher education literature and extending the performance funding research base, this study made a number of conceptual and practical contributions, including identifying important considerations for performance funding policy evaluations and for funding model design.
Author: Cecilia Menjívar Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107041597 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
This collection examines how immigration law shapes immigrant illegality, the concept of immigrant illegality, and how its power is wielded and resisted.
Author: Stephen O. Bender Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1800731639 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Reviewing current policies and practices, the book assesses the financial, economic and physical risk of building in hazardous areas, and looks at how societies approach economic development while trying to create a more resilient built environment in spite of the dangers. It examines the vulnerability of economic and social infrastructure to natural hazard events, looks at policies which imperil infrastructure, and proposes new development approaches to be undertaken by sovereign states, international development banks, NGOs, and bilateral aid agencies.
Author: John Bennett Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135388229 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
This book describes current best practice in managing construction. It is based on case studies of leading practice responding to demands from customers that construction match the value and quality that international competition is forcing on their own businesses. The case studies show that major customers now partner with construction firms to find more efficient ways of working. The resulting best practice adds to these cooperative approaches a drive for efficiency and innovation based on benchmarks of world class performance that empower teams to set themselves competitive targets. So the new approach balances cooperation and competition. This is why Professor John Bennett's book is called ''Construction: The Third Way.'' The third way in modern politics balances the extremes of cooperation and competition in the interests of the whole community. At its best it encourages sustainable economic growth within a fair society. These aims are echoed in leading practice where teams able to balance cooperation and competition deliver better value for their customers and yet earn sustainably higher profits for construction. The new approach requires managers to rethink construction using ideas from fundamental science that see human organizations as self-organizing networks of relationships. This throws new light on the strengths and weaknesses of both competition and cooperation, and provides the basis for a new paradigm to guide key construction decisions. The book describes this background and provides advice about organization structures that are responsive to changing markets and technologies, and construction processes that enable the industry to earch fair profits by providing customers with the levels of value and quality they now demand.
Author: Günter Fandel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642591329 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 685
Book Description
The organizers of the 12th International Conference on Multiple Cri teria Decision Making (MCDM) held June 19-23, 1995 in Hagen received the second time the opportunity to prepare an international conference on MCDM in Germany; the first opportunity has been the 3rd International Conference on MCDM in Konigswinter, 1979. Quite a time ellapsed since then and therefore it might be interesting to compare some indicators of the development of the International Society on MCDM, which has been founded in Konigswinter. Stanley Zionts has been elected first president and all 44 participants of that Conference became founding members. Today our Society has over 1200 members and its own Journal (MCDM World Scan). In Hagen, 1996, we had 152 participants from 34 countries. It is interesting to mention that also other Groups established their organi zation, like the European Working Group on Multiple Criteria Decision Aid, the German Working Group on Decision Theory and Applications, the Multi Objective Programming and Goal Programming Group, ESIGMA, and some others. It is also interesting to note that the intersection of members of all these Groups and Societies is not empty and there is quite a cooperation among them.
Author: John B. Guerard, Jr. Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319339761 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
This volume, inspired by and dedicated to the work of pioneering investment analyst, Jack Treynor, addresses the issues of portfolio risk and return and how investment portfolios are measured. In a career spanning over fifty years, the primary questions addressed by Jack Treynor were: Is there an observable risk-return trade-off? How can stock selection models be integrated with risk models to enhance client returns? Do managed portfolios earn positive, and statistically significant, excess returns and can mutual fund managers time the market? Since the publication of a pair of seminal Harvard Business Review articles in the mid-1960’s, Jack Treynor has developed thinking that has greatly influenced security selection, portfolio construction and measurement, and market efficiency. Key publications addressed such topics as the Capital Asset Pricing Model and stock selection modeling and integration with risk models. Treynor also served as editor of the Financial Analysts Journal, through which he wrote many columns across a wide spectrum of topics. This volume showcases original essays by leading researchers and practitioners exploring the topics that have interested Treynor while applying the most current methodologies. Such topics include the origins of portfolio theory, market timing, and portfolio construction in equity markets. The result not only reinforces Treynor’s lasting contributions to the field but suggests new areas for research and analysis.
Author: C. M. TAM Publisher: City University of HK Press ISBN: 9629371154 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 331
Book Description
This book provides scientific tools for practitioners to resolve some practical problems which are administered empirically at present and may lead to inconsistent results and human errors. The modern decision-making tools introduced in this book include Multi-criteria Decision-making Models, Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithms, Construction Simulation, Rough Set Theory and Advanced Statistical Techniques for construction. Published by City University of Hong Kong Press. 香港城市大學出版社出版。
Author: Pat Allen Pentland Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1428980687 Category : National security Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
The Department of Defense (DoD) has gone through some monumental changes in the last two decades, and it faces some enormous future challenges. The changes include the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reform Act of 1986, which realigned authorities and responsibilities in the defense establishment, and the end of the Cold War, which brought about significant reductions in force structure. The challenges encompass the rise of new commitments and missions, the problem of adapting revolutionary information technology, and the evident need to reshape DoD's support systems, processes, and infrastructure. Both the changes and the challenges have made the need for defense reform evident. Numerous studies, commissions, panels, and Congressional reports have revolved around the single issue of transforming the Department to cope with the security needs of the 21st century. This Addendum offers recommendations that focus on structure and process, but here the NSSG also clearly states a vision--a set of desired outcomes--if the Department is to implement these recommendations. Thus, this summary aims to avoid a stovepiped examination of individual recommendations. Rather it offers an overview of the major recommendations and how they mutually reinforce each other to create excellence. This effort suggests seven future DoD outcome-oriented objectives worthy of pursuit that, if implemented, would make a remarkable difference in America's national security posture.
Author: M. A. Rabie Publisher: iUniverse ISBN: 0595181481 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
This book describes the development of human societies over time and identifies the major forces of change that guide history and influence its course. The book argues that the course of history has been driven not by leaders, states, ideas or war but rather by four societal processes, whose actions, reactions and interactions have governed the nature and pace of historical change. These processes are the socio-cultural, political, economic and infomedia processes. Three major conceptions of world history (the cyclical, linear and chaotic) have tried to describe the course of history and explain the dynamics of change. This book reviews these conceptions and concludes that each one of them is only partially able to provide an understanding of the historical dynamics of change. The book incorporates these conceptions into one theory, the locomotive theory of history, that provides a comprehensive explanation of the movement and dynamics of change throughout history. The locomotive theory explains why certain nations have made more progress than others, why some people are getting richer while others remain poor, and why democracy has succeeded in some countries and failed in others. The multiplicity of issues that the book covers makes its analysis and conclusions of particular interest to all people engaged in politics, economics, socioeconomic development and globalization.
Author: Denisa Gandara
Author: Denisa Gandara
Author: Cecilia Menjívar
Author: Stephen O. Bender
Author: John Bennett
Author: Günter Fandel
Author: John B. Guerard, Jr.
Author: C. M. TAM
Author: Pat Allen Pentland
Author: Ranjit Lall
Author: M. A. Rabie