Consequences to Host Kelp (Egregia Menziesii, Macrocystis Pyrifera) of Encrusting Bryozoans (Membranipora Membranacea). PDF Download

Author: David James Fretz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bryozoa
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Author: Brian Cohn (Graduate student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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Book Description
Giant kelps are among the most productive marine macrophytes and can alter surface water chemistry through photosynthesis and respiration. Along the California coast, Macrocystis pyrifera is the dominant kelp species and is commonly encrusted by the bryozoan Membranipora spp., which forms a crustose, opaque layer on kelp thalli. Reduction of primary production by this bryozoan could have implications for kelp growth and surface water chemistry via the production of oxygen and uptake of carbon within kelp forests. The effects of bryozoan encrustation on growth were measured in situ using a hole punch method. Effects on primary production were investigated by measuring dissolved oxygen production in situ and in the laboratory using sealed respirometry chambers that included artificial shading of blades to mimic bryozoan encrustation and measuring pigment concentration. Patterns of Membranipora spp. abundance and photosynthetic pigment concentration in kelp blades were also examined in a kelp forest in Santa Barbara, CA over the course of a year to understand potential impacts and patterns of Membranipora encrustation over longer periods. Growth surveys revealed that blade age, and not bryozoans, was the main factor affecting growth rates although encrusted blades showed a slightly greater decline in blade length. In lab experiments, O2 production rates of non-encrusted blades was up to 2 times greater than encrusted blades, while O2 consumption rates were up to 1.5 times greater for encrusted blades due to bryozoan respiration. Artificial shading of blades did not affect oxygen production rates, but encrusted blades showed decreased pigment concentrations at increasing levels of bryozoan encrustation. Relative abundances of Membranipora spp. were highest in the summer months, and decreased pigment concentrations were correlated with older blades and higher presence of Membranipora spp. These results suggest that bryozoan encrustation can significantly decrease primary productivity of M. pyrifera which may translate to reduced CO2 uptake. With the suggestion that kelp forests may serve to locally ameliorate against rising CO2 in surface waters and the widespread and increasing abundance of Membranipora spp. in some regions, bryozoan encrustation should be taken into consideration when evaluating the uptake potential of CO2 by giant kelp.

Author: Katherine Kimberlin Arkema
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549841852
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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I investigated the relationship between giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, a large and dynamic structure-forming organism on temperate reefs, and the species that live beneath its canopy and on its surfaces. In particular, my research focused on how the attenuating effect of kelp on light influences the structure and dynamics of the understory community, and how the dampening effect of kelp on currents influences spatial variation in the abundance and demography of a suspension-feeding epiphyte, the colonial and encrusting bryozoan, Membranipora serrilamella.

Author: Wheeler J. North
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 634

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Author: Deborah Ann Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal colonies
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Author: Marla Elaine Ranelletti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Author: Emil Olafsson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498723268
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 286

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Marine macrophytes (macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves) comprise thousands of species distributed in shallow water areas along the world’s coastlines. They play a key role in marine ecosystems regarding biodiversity and energy flow. A large proportion of macrophyte species can be characterised as ecosystem engineers—organisms that directly or indirectly affect the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining, and creating habitats. This book is divided into three main themes: • Marine macroalgae and seagrasses as sources of biodiversity gives an overview of the diversity of the main organisms associated with macrophytes, and their functional role and interactions within their hosts. • Primary and secondary production of Macrophytes synthesizes research on food web structures derived from/or associated with, macrophytes and the transfer of macrophytic primary and secondary production from one ecosystem to another. • Threats to macrophytic ecosystem engineers addresses human-induced effects including eutrophication, physical destruction, invasive species, and global warming. The book is among the first one to concentrate on the value of macrophytes for the well-being of marine habitats. The book is aimed at academics but may be useful for students, policy makers, and laymen alike.

Author: James B. McClintock
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420036602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 626

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The interdisciplinary field of marine chemical ecology is an expanding and dynamic science. It is no surprise that the breadth of marine organisms studied expanded in concert with developments in underwater technology. With its up-to-date subject reviews by experts, Marine Chemical Ecology is the most current, comprehensive book on the subject. The

Author: Mark D. Bertness
Publisher: Sinauer Associates Incorporated
ISBN: 9780878930579
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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Book Description
Marine Community Ecology was written to give advanced undergraduate and graduate students a current overview of what is known about the structure and organization of the assemblages of organisms that live on the sea floor. Each of the nineteen chapters is written by leading researchers to give students a look at our understanding of these communities, and what remains to be learned about them. The book is organized into three parts. The first eight chapters explore general processes that generate pattern in benthic communities. These introductory chapters examine how physical and biological forces interacting with historical and genetic constraints operate to structure marine communities. The middle part examines the ecology of specific marine benthic community types, ranging from rocky shores and soft substrate habitats to seagrass beds and coral reefs. These chapters are intended to be the most up-to-date summaries available of our understanding of these communities. The book closes with three chapters examining conservation and management issues of marine communities. These closing chapters emphasize how pervasively benthic marine communities are impacted by humans and outline how we can use our understanding of these systems to manage marine populations and communities and to design marine reserves. Marine Community Ecology is extensively referenced and includes a bibliography of over 5,000 citations. It is suitable as a text for advanced marine ecology courses and seminars, as well as a general reference for students and researchers.

Author: Gerald A. Rosenthal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 800

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Part I. Ecological and evolutionary processes: Evolution of plant chemical defense against herbivores; The distribution of secondary compounds within plants; Mechanism of plant avoidance of autotoxicity by secondary metabolites, especially by nonprotein amino acids; How animal perceive secondary compounds; Biochemical defense mechanisms in herbivores against plant allelochemicals; Plant resources for chemical defense; Interaction of allelochemicals with nutrients in herbivore food; New horizons in the biology of plant defenses. Part II. The chemical participants: Naturally occurring, toxic nonprotein amino acids; Cyanide and cyanogenic glycosides; The evolutionary ecology of alkaloids; Toxic seed lipids; Chemistry and biological effect of glucosinolates; Sesquiterpene lactones and other terpenoids; Saponins; Phytohemagglutinins; Proteinase inhibitors; Flavonoid pigments; Tannins and lignins; Insect hormone and antihormones in plants.