Author: Arthur Anthony EstradaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Conditional Success
Author: Arthur Anthony EstradaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Hybrid Frequentist/Bayesian Power and Bayesian Power in Planning Clinical Trials
Author: Andrew P. GrievePublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000590232
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
Hybrid Frequentist/Bayesian Power and Bayesian Power in Planning Clinical Trials provides a practical introduction to unconditional approaches to planning randomised clinical trials, particularly aimed at drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. This book is aimed at providing guidance to practitioners in using average power, assurance and related concepts. This book brings together recent research and sets them in a consistent framework and provides a fresh insight into how such methods can be used. Features: A focus on normal theory linking average power, expected power, predictive power, assurance, conditional Bayesian power and Bayesian power. Extensions of the concepts to binomial, and time-to-event outcomes and non-inferiority trials An investigation into the upper bound on average power, assurance and Bayesian power based on the prior probability of a positive treatment effect Application of assurance to a series of trials in a development program and an introduction of the assurance of an individual trial conditional on the positive outcome of an earlier trial in the program, or to the successful outcome of an interim analysis Prior distribution of power and sample size Extension of the basic approach to proof-of-concept trials with dual success criteria Investigation of the connection between conditional and predictive power at an interim analysis and power and assurance Introduction of the idea of surety in sample sizing of clinical trials based on the width of the confidence intervals for the treatment effect, and an unconditional version.
Hume's Problem Solved
Author: Gerhard SchurzPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262352451
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of meta-induction (the application of induction to competing prediction models). Drawing on discoveries in computational learning theory, Schurz demonstrates that a regret-based learning strategy, attractivity-weighted meta-induction, is predictively optimal in all possible worlds among all prediction methods accessible to the epistemic agent. Moreover, the a priori justification of meta-induction generates a noncircular a posteriori justification of object induction. Taken together, these two results provide a noncircular solution to Hume's problem. Schurz discusses the philosophical debate on the problem of induction, addressing all major attempts at a solution to Hume's problem and describing their shortcomings; presents a series of theorems, accompanied by a description of computer simulations illustrating the content of these theorems (with proofs presented in a mathematical appendix); and defends, refines, and applies core insights regarding the optimality of meta-induction, explaining applications in neighboring disciplines including forecasting sciences, cognitive science, social epistemology, and generalized evolution theory. Finally, Schurz generalizes the method of optimality-based justification to a new strategy of justification in epistemology, arguing that optimality justifications can avoid the problems of justificatory circularity and regress.
Success Probability Estimation with Applications to Clinical Trials
Author: Daniele De MartiniPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118548310
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 187
Book Description
Provides an introduction to the various statistical techniques involved in medical research and drug development with a focus on estimating the success probability of an experiment Success Probability Estimation with Applications to Clinical Trials details the use of success probability estimation in both the planning and analyzing of clinical trials and in widely used statistical tests. Devoted to both statisticians and non-statisticians who are involved in clinical trials, Part I of the book presents new concepts related to success probability estimation and their usefulness in clinical trials, and each section begins with a non-technical explanation of the presented concepts. Part II delves deeper into the techniques for success probability estimation and features applications to both reproducibility probability estimation and conservative sample size estimation. Success Probability Estimation with Applications to Clinical Trials: • Addresses the theoretical and practical aspects of the topic and introduces new and promising techniques in the statistical and pharmaceutical industries Features practical solutions for problems that are often encountered in clinical trials Includes success probability estimation for widely used statistical tests, such as parametric and nonparametric models Focuses on experimental planning, specifically the sample size of clinical trials using phase II results and data for planning phase III trials Introduces statistical concepts related to success probability estimation and their usefulness in clinical trials Success Probability Estimation with Applications to Clinical Trials is an ideal reference for statisticians and biostatisticians in the pharmaceutical industry as well as researchers and practitioners in medical centers who are actively involved in health policy, clinical research, and the design and evaluation of clinical trials.
Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office
Author: Theory of Cryptography
Author: Joe KilianPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540245735
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 838
Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2005, held in Cambridge, MA, USA in February 2005. The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 84 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on hardness amplification and error correction, graphs and groups, simulation and secure computation, security of encryption, steganography and zero knowledge, secure computation, quantum cryptography and universal composability, cryptographic primitives and security, encryption and signatures, and information theoretic cryptography.
Monthly Weather Review
Author: NASA Formal Methods
Author: Sanjai RayadurgamPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319406485
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on NASA Formal Methods, NFM 2016, held in Minneapolis, MN, USA, in June 2016. The 19 full and 10 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: requirements and architectures; testing and run-time enforcement; theorem proving and proofs; application of formal methods; code generation and synthesis; model checking and verification; and correctness and certification.
Minimal Verificationism
Author: Gordian HaasPublisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 150150200X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Book Description
Verificationism has been a hallmark of logical empiricism. According to this principle, a sentence is insignificant in a certain sense if its truth value cannot be determined. Although logical empiricists strove for decades to develop an adequate principle of verification, they failed to resolve its problems. This led to a general abandonment of the verificationist project in the early 1960s. In the last 50 years, this view has received tremendously bad press. Today it is mostly regarded as an outdated historical concept. Theories that have evolved since the abandonment of verificationism can, however, help overcome some of its key problems. More specifically, an adequate criterion of significance can be derived from a combination of modern theories of justification and belief revision, along with a formal semantics for counterfactuals. In view of these potential improvements, the abandonment of verificationism appears premature. Half a century following its decline, it might be about time to revisit this disreputable view. The author argues in favor of a weak form of verificationism. This approach could be referred to as minimal verificationism, as it involves a weakening of traditional verificationist principles in various respects while maintaining their core idea.
Quantitative Methods
Author: Louise SwiftPublisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350305456
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 727
Book Description
The new edition of this highly successful and popular textbook is a comprehensive, easy-to-follow guide to using and interpreting all the quantitative techniques that students will encounter in their later business and financial careers; from fundamental principles through to more advanced applications. Topics are explained in a clear, friendly step-by-step style, accompanied by examples, exercises and activities, making the text ideal for self-tuition or for the student with no experience or confidence in working with numbers. This highly successful learning-by-doing approach, coupled with the book's clear structure, will enable even the most maths-phobic student to understand these essential mathematical skills. Comprehensive in both its scope of coverage and the range of abilities it caters for, this remains a core textbook for undergraduate students of business, management and finance, for whom Quantitative Methods modules will be a key component. It will also appeal to those on related MBA and postgraduate courses. New to this Edition: - Business Modelling 'Moving on...' feature with integrated web and book activities to promote student engagement with the application of mathematical techniques in real-life workplaces - Extensive revamp of two Statistics chapters based on student and lecturer feedback - Crucial updated practical guides to using Excel and SPSS - Integrated companion website resources helps relate theory to real world examples