Author: Stephan Winter
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638689204
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Software, University of Paderborn, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Server virtualization is currently a field of IT which is undergoing a rapid development. Introducing an even spread of performance on server farms which results in a good TCO (total cost of ownership), virtualization has already got the full attention from industry, resulting in massive participation and huge acquisitions. With server virtualization the size of server farms can be reduced dramatically, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership and (by using techniques like Linux-HA in virtual environments) increased availability. Even with an overhead of 10-20% on the layer of virtualization it is still very interesting since the load on a server farm can be spread evenly (which is not only a main target in server virtualization but also in distributed systems in general). This work will give an insight on the current developments in the field of server virtualization and the various techniques involved in it as well as a short historical overview about when the first types of virtualization were introduced (and why they failed, since according to A. Tanenbaum the current hardware is not made to be virtualized). The findings will mostly be supported by examples of current virtual environments (especially the XEN project). The paper will first introduce the different ways of virtualizing a system and in how far hardware can or can not support this. The second part will introduce the current software for virtualizing a server and giving users their own separated environment, starting from early approaches like BSD jails to the Linux V-Server and XEN Project. The last chapter will cover the use of server virtualization in high-availability environments. With the use of n physical machines and m virtualized systems on each machine, an environment of (n * m) / x can be created, where x is the level of re
Concept for System Virtualization in the Field of High Availability Computing
Author: Stephan Winter
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638689204
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Software, University of Paderborn, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Server virtualization is currently a field of IT which is undergoing a rapid development. Introducing an even spread of performance on server farms which results in a good TCO (total cost of ownership), virtualization has already got the full attention from industry, resulting in massive participation and huge acquisitions. With server virtualization the size of server farms can be reduced dramatically, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership and (by using techniques like Linux-HA in virtual environments) increased availability. Even with an overhead of 10-20% on the layer of virtualization it is still very interesting since the load on a server farm can be spread evenly (which is not only a main target in server virtualization but also in distributed systems in general). This work will give an insight on the current developments in the field of server virtualization and the various techniques involved in it as well as a short historical overview about when the first types of virtualization were introduced (and why they failed, since according to A. Tanenbaum the current hardware is not made to be virtualized). The findings will mostly be supported by examples of current virtual environments (especially the XEN project). The paper will first introduce the different ways of virtualizing a system and in how far hardware can or can not support this. The second part will introduce the current software for virtualizing a server and giving users their own separated environment, starting from early approaches like BSD jails to the Linux V-Server and XEN Project. The last chapter will cover the use of server virtualization in high-availability environments. With the use of n physical machines and m virtualized systems on each machine, an environment of (n * m) / x can be created, where x is the level of re
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638689204
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Software, University of Paderborn, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Server virtualization is currently a field of IT which is undergoing a rapid development. Introducing an even spread of performance on server farms which results in a good TCO (total cost of ownership), virtualization has already got the full attention from industry, resulting in massive participation and huge acquisitions. With server virtualization the size of server farms can be reduced dramatically, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership and (by using techniques like Linux-HA in virtual environments) increased availability. Even with an overhead of 10-20% on the layer of virtualization it is still very interesting since the load on a server farm can be spread evenly (which is not only a main target in server virtualization but also in distributed systems in general). This work will give an insight on the current developments in the field of server virtualization and the various techniques involved in it as well as a short historical overview about when the first types of virtualization were introduced (and why they failed, since according to A. Tanenbaum the current hardware is not made to be virtualized). The findings will mostly be supported by examples of current virtual environments (especially the XEN project). The paper will first introduce the different ways of virtualizing a system and in how far hardware can or can not support this. The second part will introduce the current software for virtualizing a server and giving users their own separated environment, starting from early approaches like BSD jails to the Linux V-Server and XEN Project. The last chapter will cover the use of server virtualization in high-availability environments. With the use of n physical machines and m virtualized systems on each machine, an environment of (n * m) / x can be created, where x is the level of re
Teach Yourself Linux Virtualization and High Availability
Author: David Clinton
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 9781365847202
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
High availability server virtualization currently powers the vast majority of public-facing compute deployments and Linux lies at the heart of nearly all of them. If you aren't already engaged in a virtualized project that touches some kind of Linux technology, you probably will be soon. What are you doing to build your skills to meet the future? The Linux Professional Institute's LPIC-3 304 certification expectations are an excellent, vendor neutral introduction to Linux server virtualization and cluster management. Even if you don't have plans to take the exam and earn the certification itself right now, using the 304 as a curriculum guide is a smart move. And, one way or another, this book is a great primary resource.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 9781365847202
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
High availability server virtualization currently powers the vast majority of public-facing compute deployments and Linux lies at the heart of nearly all of them. If you aren't already engaged in a virtualized project that touches some kind of Linux technology, you probably will be soon. What are you doing to build your skills to meet the future? The Linux Professional Institute's LPIC-3 304 certification expectations are an excellent, vendor neutral introduction to Linux server virtualization and cluster management. Even if you don't have plans to take the exam and earn the certification itself right now, using the 304 as a curriculum guide is a smart move. And, one way or another, this book is a great primary resource.
Virtualization for Security
Author: John Hoopes
Publisher: Syngress
ISBN: 0080879357
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 378
Book Description
One of the biggest buzzwords in the IT industry for the past few years, virtualization has matured into a practical requirement for many best-practice business scenarios, becoming an invaluable tool for security professionals at companies of every size. In addition to saving time and other resources, virtualization affords unprecedented means for intrusion and malware detection, prevention, recovery, and analysis. Taking a practical approach in a growing market underserved by books, this hands-on title is the first to combine in one place the most important and sought-after uses of virtualization for enhanced security, including sandboxing, disaster recovery and high availability, forensic analysis, and honeypotting.Already gaining buzz and traction in actual usage at an impressive rate, Gartner research indicates that virtualization will be the most significant trend in IT infrastructure and operations over the next four years. A recent report by IT research firm IDC predicts the virtualization services market will grow from $5.5 billion in 2006 to $11.7 billion in 2011. With this growth in adoption, becoming increasingly common even for small and midsize businesses, security is becoming a much more serious concern, both in terms of how to secure virtualization and how virtualization can serve critical security objectives. Titles exist and are on the way to fill the need for securing virtualization, but security professionals do not yet have a book outlining the many security applications of virtualization that will become increasingly important in their job requirements. This book is the first to fill that need, covering tactics such as isolating a virtual environment on the desktop for application testing, creating virtualized storage solutions for immediate disaster recovery and high availability across a network, migrating physical systems to virtual systems for analysis, and creating complete virtual systems to entice hackers and expose potential threats to actual production systems.About the TechnologiesA sandbox is an isolated environment created to run and test applications that might be a security risk. Recovering a compromised system is as easy as restarting the virtual machine to revert to the point before failure. Employing virtualization on actual production systems, rather than just test environments, yields similar benefits for disaster recovery and high availability. While traditional disaster recovery methods require time-consuming reinstallation of the operating system and applications before restoring data, backing up to a virtual machine makes the recovery process much easier, faster, and efficient. The virtual machine can be restored to same physical machine or an entirely different machine if the original machine has experienced irreparable hardware failure. Decreased downtime translates into higher availability of the system and increased productivity in the enterprise.Virtualization has been used for years in the field of forensic analysis, but new tools, techniques, and automation capabilities are making it an increasingly important tool. By means of virtualization, an investigator can create an exact working copy of a physical computer on another machine, including hidden or encrypted partitions, without altering any data, allowing complete access for analysis. The investigator can also take a live ?snapshot? to review or freeze the target computer at any point in time, before an attacker has a chance to cover his tracks or inflict further damage.
Publisher: Syngress
ISBN: 0080879357
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 378
Book Description
One of the biggest buzzwords in the IT industry for the past few years, virtualization has matured into a practical requirement for many best-practice business scenarios, becoming an invaluable tool for security professionals at companies of every size. In addition to saving time and other resources, virtualization affords unprecedented means for intrusion and malware detection, prevention, recovery, and analysis. Taking a practical approach in a growing market underserved by books, this hands-on title is the first to combine in one place the most important and sought-after uses of virtualization for enhanced security, including sandboxing, disaster recovery and high availability, forensic analysis, and honeypotting.Already gaining buzz and traction in actual usage at an impressive rate, Gartner research indicates that virtualization will be the most significant trend in IT infrastructure and operations over the next four years. A recent report by IT research firm IDC predicts the virtualization services market will grow from $5.5 billion in 2006 to $11.7 billion in 2011. With this growth in adoption, becoming increasingly common even for small and midsize businesses, security is becoming a much more serious concern, both in terms of how to secure virtualization and how virtualization can serve critical security objectives. Titles exist and are on the way to fill the need for securing virtualization, but security professionals do not yet have a book outlining the many security applications of virtualization that will become increasingly important in their job requirements. This book is the first to fill that need, covering tactics such as isolating a virtual environment on the desktop for application testing, creating virtualized storage solutions for immediate disaster recovery and high availability across a network, migrating physical systems to virtual systems for analysis, and creating complete virtual systems to entice hackers and expose potential threats to actual production systems.About the TechnologiesA sandbox is an isolated environment created to run and test applications that might be a security risk. Recovering a compromised system is as easy as restarting the virtual machine to revert to the point before failure. Employing virtualization on actual production systems, rather than just test environments, yields similar benefits for disaster recovery and high availability. While traditional disaster recovery methods require time-consuming reinstallation of the operating system and applications before restoring data, backing up to a virtual machine makes the recovery process much easier, faster, and efficient. The virtual machine can be restored to same physical machine or an entirely different machine if the original machine has experienced irreparable hardware failure. Decreased downtime translates into higher availability of the system and increased productivity in the enterprise.Virtualization has been used for years in the field of forensic analysis, but new tools, techniques, and automation capabilities are making it an increasingly important tool. By means of virtualization, an investigator can create an exact working copy of a physical computer on another machine, including hidden or encrypted partitions, without altering any data, allowing complete access for analysis. The investigator can also take a live ?snapshot? to review or freeze the target computer at any point in time, before an attacker has a chance to cover his tracks or inflict further damage.
Concept for system virtualization in the field of high availability computing
Author: Stephan Winter
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638617904
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Software, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: Server virtualization is currently a field of IT which is undergoing a rapid development. Introducing an even spread of performance on server farms which results in a good TCO (total cost of ownership), virtualization has already got the full attention from industry, resulting in massive participation and huge acquisitions. With server virtualization the size of server farms can be reduced dramatically, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership and (by using techniques like Linux-HA in virtual environments) increased availability. Even with an overhead of 10-20% on the layer of virtualization it is still very interesting since the load on a server farm can be spread evenly (which is not only a main target in server virtualization but also in distributed systems in general). This work will give an insight on the current developments in the field of server virtualization and the various techniques involved in it as well as a short historical overview about when the first types of virtualization were introduced (and why they failed, since according to A. Tanenbaum the current hardware is not made to be virtualized). The findings will mostly be supported by examples of current virtual environments (especially the XEN project). The paper will first introduce the different ways of virtualizing a system and in how far hardware can or can not support this. The second part will introduce the current software for virtualizing a server and giving users their own separated environment, starting from early approaches like BSD jails to the Linux V-Server and XEN Project. The last chapter will cover the use of server virtualization in high-availability environments. With the use of n physical machines and m virtualized systems on each machine, an environment of (n * m) / x can be created, where x is the level of redundancy (e.g. x = 2 for mirroring). Most interesting is how virtual environments can be moved from one physical machine to another one without switching it off. The summary will give some insight on the current use of virtual environments and in how far they provide advantages over solutions like Mosix, Application-basic virtualization and the grid. It will also give an outlook on further developments especially in the field of hardware support for virtualization.
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638617904
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Software, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: Server virtualization is currently a field of IT which is undergoing a rapid development. Introducing an even spread of performance on server farms which results in a good TCO (total cost of ownership), virtualization has already got the full attention from industry, resulting in massive participation and huge acquisitions. With server virtualization the size of server farms can be reduced dramatically, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership and (by using techniques like Linux-HA in virtual environments) increased availability. Even with an overhead of 10-20% on the layer of virtualization it is still very interesting since the load on a server farm can be spread evenly (which is not only a main target in server virtualization but also in distributed systems in general). This work will give an insight on the current developments in the field of server virtualization and the various techniques involved in it as well as a short historical overview about when the first types of virtualization were introduced (and why they failed, since according to A. Tanenbaum the current hardware is not made to be virtualized). The findings will mostly be supported by examples of current virtual environments (especially the XEN project). The paper will first introduce the different ways of virtualizing a system and in how far hardware can or can not support this. The second part will introduce the current software for virtualizing a server and giving users their own separated environment, starting from early approaches like BSD jails to the Linux V-Server and XEN Project. The last chapter will cover the use of server virtualization in high-availability environments. With the use of n physical machines and m virtualized systems on each machine, an environment of (n * m) / x can be created, where x is the level of redundancy (e.g. x = 2 for mirroring). Most interesting is how virtual environments can be moved from one physical machine to another one without switching it off. The summary will give some insight on the current use of virtual environments and in how far they provide advantages over solutions like Mosix, Application-basic virtualization and the grid. It will also give an outlook on further developments especially in the field of hardware support for virtualization.
Microsoft System Center - Network Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Author: Mitch Tulloch
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0735683069
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Part of a series of specialized guides on System Center - this book delivers a focused overview of network virtualization capabilities and cloud computing scenarios. Series editor Mitch Tulloch and a team of System Center experts provide concise technical guidance as they step you through key technical scenarios and considerations.
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0735683069
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 94
Book Description
Part of a series of specialized guides on System Center - this book delivers a focused overview of network virtualization capabilities and cloud computing scenarios. Series editor Mitch Tulloch and a team of System Center experts provide concise technical guidance as they step you through key technical scenarios and considerations.
Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing
Author: Eric Bauer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118394003
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
A holistic approach to service reliability and availability of cloud computing Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing provides IS/IT system and solution architects, developers, and engineers with the knowledge needed to assess the impact of virtualization and cloud computing on service reliability and availability. It reveals how to select the most appropriate design for reliability diligence to assure that user expectations are met. Organized in three parts (basics, risk analysis, and recommendations), this resource is accessible to readers of diverse backgrounds and experience levels. Numerous examples and more than 100 figures throughout the book help readers visualize problems to better understand the topic—and the authors present risks and options in bulleted lists that can be applied directly to specific applications/problems. Special features of this book include: Rigorous analysis of the reliability and availability risks that are inherent in cloud computing Simple formulas that explain the quantitative aspects of reliability and availability Enlightening discussions of the ways in which virtualized applications and cloud deployments differ from traditional system implementations and deployments Specific recommendations for developing reliable virtualized applications and cloud-based solutions Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing is the guide for IS/IT staff in business, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations who are moving their applications to the cloud. It is also an important reference for professionals in technical sales, product management, and quality management, as well as software and quality engineers looking to broaden their expertise.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118394003
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
A holistic approach to service reliability and availability of cloud computing Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing provides IS/IT system and solution architects, developers, and engineers with the knowledge needed to assess the impact of virtualization and cloud computing on service reliability and availability. It reveals how to select the most appropriate design for reliability diligence to assure that user expectations are met. Organized in three parts (basics, risk analysis, and recommendations), this resource is accessible to readers of diverse backgrounds and experience levels. Numerous examples and more than 100 figures throughout the book help readers visualize problems to better understand the topic—and the authors present risks and options in bulleted lists that can be applied directly to specific applications/problems. Special features of this book include: Rigorous analysis of the reliability and availability risks that are inherent in cloud computing Simple formulas that explain the quantitative aspects of reliability and availability Enlightening discussions of the ways in which virtualized applications and cloud deployments differ from traditional system implementations and deployments Specific recommendations for developing reliable virtualized applications and cloud-based solutions Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing is the guide for IS/IT staff in business, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations who are moving their applications to the cloud. It is also an important reference for professionals in technical sales, product management, and quality management, as well as software and quality engineers looking to broaden their expertise.
Virtualization: A Manager's Guide
Author: Dan Kusnetzky
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1449313183
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 73
Book Description
What exactly is virtualization? As this concise book explains, virtualization is a smorgasbord of technologies that offer organizations many advantages, whether you're managing extremely large stores of rapidly changing data, scaling out an application, or harnessing huge amounts of computational power. With this guide, you get an overview of the five main types of virtualization technology, along with information on security, management, and modern use cases. Topics include: Access virtualization—Allows access to any application from any device Application virtualization—Enables applications to run on many different operating systems and hardware platforms Processing virtualization—Makes one system seem like many, or many seem like one Network virtualization—Presents an artificial view of the network that differs from the physical reality Storage virtualization—Allows many systems to share the same storage devices, enables concealing the location of storage systems, and more
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1449313183
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 73
Book Description
What exactly is virtualization? As this concise book explains, virtualization is a smorgasbord of technologies that offer organizations many advantages, whether you're managing extremely large stores of rapidly changing data, scaling out an application, or harnessing huge amounts of computational power. With this guide, you get an overview of the five main types of virtualization technology, along with information on security, management, and modern use cases. Topics include: Access virtualization—Allows access to any application from any device Application virtualization—Enables applications to run on many different operating systems and hardware platforms Processing virtualization—Makes one system seem like many, or many seem like one Network virtualization—Presents an artificial view of the network that differs from the physical reality Storage virtualization—Allows many systems to share the same storage devices, enables concealing the location of storage systems, and more
Grids, Clouds and Virtualization
Author: Massimo Cafaro
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0857290495
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Research into grid computing has been driven by the need to solve large-scale, increasingly complex problems for scientific applications. Yet the applications of grid computing for business and casual users did not begin to emerge until the development of the concept of cloud computing, fueled by advances in virtualization techniques, coupled with the increased availability of ever-greater Internet bandwidth. The appeal of this new paradigm is mainly based on its simplicity, and the affordable price for seamless access to both computational and storage resources. This timely text/reference introduces the fundamental principles and techniques underlying grids, clouds and virtualization technologies, as well as reviewing the latest research and expected future developments in the field. Readers are guided through the key topics by internationally recognized experts, enabling them to develop their understanding of an area likely to play an ever more significant role in coming years. Topics and features: presents contributions from an international selection of experts in the field; provides a thorough introduction and overview of existing technologies in grids, clouds and virtualization, including a brief history of the field; examines the basic requirements for performance isolation of virtual machines on multi-core servers, analyzing a selection of system virtualization technologies; examines both business and scientific applications of grids and clouds, including their use in the life sciences and for high-performance computing; explores cloud building technologies, architectures for enhancing grid infrastructures with cloud computing, and cloud performance; discusses energy aware grids and clouds, workflows on grids and clouds, and cloud and grid programming models. This useful text will enable interested readers to familiarize themselves with the key topics of grids, clouds and virtualization, and to contribute to new advances in the field. Researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, system designers and programmers, and IT policy makers will all benefit from the material covered.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0857290495
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Research into grid computing has been driven by the need to solve large-scale, increasingly complex problems for scientific applications. Yet the applications of grid computing for business and casual users did not begin to emerge until the development of the concept of cloud computing, fueled by advances in virtualization techniques, coupled with the increased availability of ever-greater Internet bandwidth. The appeal of this new paradigm is mainly based on its simplicity, and the affordable price for seamless access to both computational and storage resources. This timely text/reference introduces the fundamental principles and techniques underlying grids, clouds and virtualization technologies, as well as reviewing the latest research and expected future developments in the field. Readers are guided through the key topics by internationally recognized experts, enabling them to develop their understanding of an area likely to play an ever more significant role in coming years. Topics and features: presents contributions from an international selection of experts in the field; provides a thorough introduction and overview of existing technologies in grids, clouds and virtualization, including a brief history of the field; examines the basic requirements for performance isolation of virtual machines on multi-core servers, analyzing a selection of system virtualization technologies; examines both business and scientific applications of grids and clouds, including their use in the life sciences and for high-performance computing; explores cloud building technologies, architectures for enhancing grid infrastructures with cloud computing, and cloud performance; discusses energy aware grids and clouds, workflows on grids and clouds, and cloud and grid programming models. This useful text will enable interested readers to familiarize themselves with the key topics of grids, clouds and virtualization, and to contribute to new advances in the field. Researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, system designers and programmers, and IT policy makers will all benefit from the material covered.
High Availability and Disaster Recovery
Author: Klaus Schmidt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540345825
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 418
Book Description
Companies and institutions depend more than ever on the availability of their Information Technology, and most mission critical business processes are IT-based. Business Continuity is the ability to do business under any circumstances and is an essential requirement faced by modern companies. Both concepts - High Availability and Disaster Recovery - are realized by redundant systems. This book presents requirements, concepts, and realizations of redundant systems on all abstraction levels, and all given examples refer to UNIX and Linux Systems.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540345825
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 418
Book Description
Companies and institutions depend more than ever on the availability of their Information Technology, and most mission critical business processes are IT-based. Business Continuity is the ability to do business under any circumstances and is an essential requirement faced by modern companies. Both concepts - High Availability and Disaster Recovery - are realized by redundant systems. This book presents requirements, concepts, and realizations of redundant systems on all abstraction levels, and all given examples refer to UNIX and Linux Systems.
Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Author: Dac-Nhuong Le
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119488125
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Book Description
The purpose of this book is first to study cloud computing concepts, security concern in clouds and data centers, live migration and its importance for cloud computing, the role of firewalls in domains with particular focus on virtual machine (VM) migration and its security concerns. The book then tackles design, implementation of the frameworks and prepares test-beds for testing and evaluating VM migration procedures as well as firewall rule migration. The book demonstrates how cloud computing can produce an effective way of network management, especially from a security perspective.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119488125
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Book Description
The purpose of this book is first to study cloud computing concepts, security concern in clouds and data centers, live migration and its importance for cloud computing, the role of firewalls in domains with particular focus on virtual machine (VM) migration and its security concerns. The book then tackles design, implementation of the frameworks and prepares test-beds for testing and evaluating VM migration procedures as well as firewall rule migration. The book demonstrates how cloud computing can produce an effective way of network management, especially from a security perspective.