Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis in High Permeability Hydraulic Fractured Horizontal Gas Wells PDF Download

Author: Hrithu Vasudevan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computational fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 104

View

Book Description
"Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs has become the dominant type of well completion performed in the United States. In very low permeability reservoirs (~.00001-.0001 mD), the wellbore is aligned with the minimum horizontal stress, and the completion includes multiple transverse fractures. These fractures may be placed with either open hole sleeve type completion systems (OHMS), or cased hole plug and perf systems (P-n-P). In slightly higher permeability reservoirs (1 to 10 mD) multiple longitudinal fractures have been found to be preferred to completions with transverse fractures. This study presents an evaluation of gas well productivity for both transverse and longitudinal fractured horizontal wells using CFD simulations. The first part of the work includes an evaluation of one and two transverse fractures, over reservoir permeability of 1, 10 and 100 mD. Results, given as fold of increase, are compared to the single transverse fracture model of Augustine (2011). The work includes a parametric study of fracture width, penetration ratio and vertical to horizontal permeability ratio on production rates. The second part of the study includes CFD simulations for a single longitudinal fracture, and compares productivity results of this fracture orientation to transverse fractures in the 1, 10 and 100 mD cases. Results of this study suggest OHMs completions outperform P-n-P completions. The results of the work also corroborate the findings of Yang (2015) and Kassim et al (2016) suggesting that longitudinal fractured wells perform better in the slightly higher permeability reservoirs (1-10 mD)"--Abstract, page iii.

Author: Hoss Belyadi
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0128176660
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 632

View

Book Description
Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today’s newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing

Author: Viriyah Theppornprapakorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computational fluid dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 152

View

Book Description
"Multi-stage hydraulic fracture completions in horizontal wells have facilitated economic development of natural gas from unconventional and tight gas reservoirs. Industry has relied on two horizontal multi-stage completion technologies: cemented and perforated liner or Plug-and-perf method and Openhole Sleeve Multi-stage method. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, one of the most important questions is which method yields better gas production? Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for solving complex fluid flow problems. In well completion design, CFD plays a significant role aiding the completion engineers on making decision on well completion methods. In this study, a three-dimensional CFD model of a horizontal well with a single transverse fracture has been constructed to compare Plug-and-perf versus Openhole sleeve multi-state completion methods using steady state natural gas production and no formation damage. The results are shown in a relationship of dimensionless fracture conductivity and fold of increase. Parametric studies have been performed varying horizontal permeability ratio, penetration ratio and propped fracture width. Considering only the effect from the completion method and without the presence of the natural fractures, results of this study indicate a well completed with Openhole Sleeve Multi-stage method does produce more than a well completed with the Plug-and-perf method, but the difference in production is substantially less than previous publications indicate. The results from this study were compared with the previous study using the two-dimensional models by Augustine (2011)"--Abstract, page iii.

Author: Mohamed Y. Soliman
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 125958562X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 480

View

Book Description
Effectively Apply Modern Fracturing Methods in Horizontal Wells Improve productivity and maximize natural gas extraction using the practical information contained in this comprehensive guide. Written by world-renowned experts, Fracturing Horizontal Wells features complete details on the latest fracking tools and technologies. Illustrations, tables, and real-world examples are found throughout. Discover how to handle site selection and testing, build accurate simulations, and efficiently extract energy from horizontal sources, including shale formations. Environmental standards, regulatory compliance, and safety protocols are also included. Fracturing Horizontal Wells covers: • Fracture Stimulation of Horizontal Wells • Transitioning from Vertical to Horizontal Wellbores • Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Horizontal Wells • Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Fractured Horizontal Wells • Fracturing Horizontal Wells: Rock Mechanics Overview • Drilling of Horizontal Wells • Proppant and Proppant Transport • Fracture Diagnostic Testing • Interval Isolation • Horizontal Completion Fracturing Methods and Techniques • Use of Well Logging Measurements and Analysis for Fracturing Design • Fracture Treatment Diagnostics • Environmental Stewardship

Author: Yu Wang
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN: 1618968963
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 383

View

Book Description
This book is intended as a reference book for advanced graduate students and research engineers in shale gas development or rock mechanical engineering. Globally, there is widespread interest in exploiting shale gas resources to meet rising energy demands, maintain energy security and stability in supply and reduce dependence on higher carbon sources of energy, namely coal and oil. However, extracting shale gas is a resource intensive process and is dependent on the geological and geomechanical characteristics of the source rocks, making the development of certain formations uneconomic using current technologies. Therefore, evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of shale, together with technological advancements, is critical in verifying the economic viability of such formation. Accurate geomechanical information about the rock and its variation through the shale is important since stresses along the wellbore can control fracture initiation and frac development. In addition, hydraulic fracturing has been widely employed to enhance the production of oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing is a complex operation in which the fluid is pumped at a high pressure into a selected section of the wellbore. The interaction between the hydraulic fractures and natural fractures is the key to fracturing effectiveness prediction and high gas development. The development and growth of a hydraulic fracture through the natural fracture systems of shale is probably more complex than can be described here, but may be somewhat predictable if the fracture system and the development of stresses can be explained. As a result, comprehensive shale geomechanical experiments, physical modeling experiment and numerical investigations should be conducted to reveal the fracturing mechanical behaviors of shale.

Author: Mengting Li
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736989342
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208

View

Book Description
Hydraulic fracturing is essential technology for the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas. So far, there are no numerical tools which can optimize the whole process from geological modeling, hydraulic fracturing until production simulation with the same 3D model with consideration of the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. In this dissertation, a workflow and a numerical tool chain were developed for design and optimization of multistage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well regarding a maximum productivity of the tight gas wellbore. After the verification a full 3D reservoir model is generated based on a real tight gas field in the North German Basin. Through analysis of simulation results, a new calculation formula of FCD was proposed, which takes the proppant position and concentration into account and can predict the gas production rate more accurately. However, not only FCD but also proppant distribution and hydraulic connection of stimulated fractures to the well, geological structure and the interaction between fractures are determinant for the gas production volume. Through analysis the numerical results of sensitivity analysis and optimization variations, there is no unique criterion to determine the optimal number and spacing of the fractures, it should be analyzed firstly in detail to the actual situation and decided then from case to case.

Author: Xinpu Shen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351796291
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192

View

Book Description
The expansion of unconventional petroleum resources in the recent decade and the rapid development of computational technology have provided the opportunity to develop and apply 3D numerical modeling technology to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight sand formations. This book presents 3D numerical modeling technologies for hydraulic fracturing developed in recent years, and introduces solutions to various 3D geomechanical problems related to hydraulic fracturing. In the solution processes of the case studies included in the book, fully coupled multi-physics modeling has been adopted, along with innovative computational techniques, such as submodeling. In practice, hydraulic fracturing is an essential project component in shale gas/oil development and tight sand oil, and provides an essential measure in the process of drilling cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is also an essential measure for widened mud weight window (MWW) when drilling through naturally fractured formations; the process of hydraulic plugging is a typical application of hydraulic fracturing. 3D modeling and numerical analysis of hydraulic fracturing is essential for the successful development of tight oil/gas formations: it provides accurate solutions for optimized stage intervals in a multistage fracking job. It also provides optimized well-spacing for the design of zipper-frac wells. Numerical estimation of casing integrity under stimulation injection in the hydraulic fracturing process is one of major concerns in the successful development of unconventional resources. This topic is also investigated numerically in this book. Numerical solutions to several other typical geomechanics problems related to hydraulic fracturing, such as fluid migration caused by fault reactivation and seismic activities, are also presented. This book can be used as a reference textbook to petroleum, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, to senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, and to geologists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists and applied mathematicians working in this field. This book is also a synthetic compendium of both the fundamentals and some of the most advanced aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology.

Author: Pirayu Yuhun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bayesian field theory
Languages : en
Pages : 196

View

Book Description
Multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) are currently a popular method of developing shale gas and oil reservoirs. The performance of MFHWs can be analyzed by an approach called Rate transient analysis (RTA). However, the predicted outcomes are often inaccurate and provide non-unique results. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to couple Bayesian Algorithms with a current production analysis method, that is, rate transient analysis, to generate probabilistic credible interval ranges for key reservoir and completion variables. To show the legitimacy of the RTA-Bayesian method, synthetic production data from a multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal completion in a reservoir modeled after Marcellus shale reservoir was generated using a reservoir (CMG) model. The synthetic production data was analyzed using a combination of rate transient analysis with Bayesian techniques. Firstly, the traditional log-log plot was produced to identify the linear flow production regime, which is usually the dominant regime in shale reservoirs. Using the linear flow production data and traditional rate transient analysis equations, Bayesian inversion was carried out using likelihood-based and likelihood-free Bayesian methods. The rjags and EasyABC packages in statistical software R were used for the likelihood-based and likelihood-free inversion respectively. Model priors were based (1) on information available about the Marcellus shale from technical literature and (2) hydraulic fracture design parameters. Posterior distributions and prediction intervals were developed for the fracture length, matrix permeability, and skin factor. These predicted credible intervals were then compared with actual synthetic reservoir and hydraulic fracture data. The methodology was also repeated for an actual case in the Barnett shale for a validation. The most substantial finding was that for all the investigated cases, including complicated scenarios (such as finite fracture conductivity, fracturing fluid flowback, heterogeneity of fracture length, and pressure-dependent reservoir), the combined RTA-Bayesian model provided a reasonable prediction interval that encompassed the actual/observed values of the reservoir/hydraulic fracture variables. The R-squared value of predicted values over true values was more than 0.5 in all cases. For the base case in this study, the choice of the prior distribution did not affect the posterior distribution/prediction interval in a significant manner in as much as the prior distribution was partially informative. However, the use of noninformative priors resulted in a loss of precision. Also, a comparison of the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and the traditional Bayesian algorithms showed that the ABC algorithm reduced computational time with minimal loss of accuracy by at least an order of magnitude by bypassing the complicated step of having to compute the likelihood function. In addition, the production time, number of iterations and tolerance of fitting had a minimal impact on the posterior distribution after an optimum point--which was at least one-year production, 10,000 iterations and 0.001 respectively. In summary, the RTA-Bayesian production analysis method implemented in relatively easy computational platforms, like R and Excel, provided good characterization of all key variables such as matrix permeability, fracture length and skin when compared to results obtained from analytical methods. This probabilistic characterization has the potential to enable better understanding of well performance, improved identification of optimization opportunities and ultimately improved ultimate recovery from shale gas resources.

Author: Faisal Mehmood
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736964722
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 160

View

Book Description
Due to the finite nature of petroleum resources and depletion of conventional reservoirs, the exploitation of unconventional resources has been a key to meeting world energy needs. Natural gas, a cleaner fossil fuel compared to oil and coal, has an increasing role in the energy mix. It is expected that the peak global natural gas production will remain between 3.7-6.1 trillion m3 per year between 2019 and 2060. Therefore, addressing the technical challenges posed by reservoir exploitation technologies in an environmentally responsible manner is critical for efficient energy production and energy secure of the world.

Author: Paul D. Bates
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470015187
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 540

View

Book Description
Uniquely outlines CFD theory in a manner relevant to environmental applications. This book addresses the basic topics in CFD modelling in a thematic manner to provided the necessary theoretical background, as well as providing global cases studies showing how CFD models can be used in practice demonstrating how good practice can be achieved , with reference to both established and new applications. First book to apply CFD to the environmental sciences Written at a level suitable for non-mathematicians