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Author: James Hamilton Lambert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
This effort was performed in support of VTrans2025, Virginia's long-range multimodal transportation plan, and the VTrans2025 Multimodal Advisory Committee. The effort develops a preliminary approach to evaluating multimodal and highway-only corridor plans and policies when the projects comprising the plans and policies are not yet clearly defined. The effort compares Virginia's eleven multimodal transportation corridors using two sources of data: (1) cost, and (2) demographic. With the cost analysis, the report seeks to compare the corridors using capital cost estimates from four readily available sources of data: multimodal agency plans, a highway needs assessment, a statewide highway plan, and MPO/PDC long-range transportation plans. The cost analysis highlights the challenges of preparing and comparing cost estimations, including the non-uniformity of assumptions about constituent projects and overlapping or noncontiguous jurisdictions. The results of the cost analyses suggest needs for the consideration of operations and maintenance costs in comparing corridors, and a consideration of whether the benefits of particular multimodal initiatives in corridors might be equivalent to those of particular highway-only initiatives. With the demographic analysis, population density studies within each of the corridors suggest several corridors have densities that might readily support non-automobile modes. The results of the demographic analyses suggest extending the approach to study accessibility metrics by mode and addressing which spatial scales--local, regional, and statewide--are appropriate for various questions of investment policy. The recommendations identify opportunities for improving coordination among government and stakeholder organizations that are engaged in cost and benefits analyses for long-range multimodal transportation planning. Cost-benefit analysis of major transportation projects is required by the recent Transportation Act of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Author: James Hamilton Lambert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
This effort was performed in support of VTrans2025, Virginia's long-range multimodal transportation plan, and the VTrans2025 Multimodal Advisory Committee. The effort develops a preliminary approach to evaluating multimodal and highway-only corridor plans and policies when the projects comprising the plans and policies are not yet clearly defined. The effort compares Virginia's eleven multimodal transportation corridors using two sources of data: (1) cost, and (2) demographic. With the cost analysis, the report seeks to compare the corridors using capital cost estimates from four readily available sources of data: multimodal agency plans, a highway needs assessment, a statewide highway plan, and MPO/PDC long-range transportation plans. The cost analysis highlights the challenges of preparing and comparing cost estimations, including the non-uniformity of assumptions about constituent projects and overlapping or noncontiguous jurisdictions. The results of the cost analyses suggest needs for the consideration of operations and maintenance costs in comparing corridors, and a consideration of whether the benefits of particular multimodal initiatives in corridors might be equivalent to those of particular highway-only initiatives. With the demographic analysis, population density studies within each of the corridors suggest several corridors have densities that might readily support non-automobile modes. The results of the demographic analyses suggest extending the approach to study accessibility metrics by mode and addressing which spatial scales--local, regional, and statewide--are appropriate for various questions of investment policy. The recommendations identify opportunities for improving coordination among government and stakeholder organizations that are engaged in cost and benefits analyses for long-range multimodal transportation planning. Cost-benefit analysis of major transportation projects is required by the recent Transportation Act of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Author: John Sanders Miller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
VTrans2035, Virginia's statewide multimodal transportation plan, requires 25-year forecasts of socioeconomic and travel activity. Between 2010 and 2035, daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) will increase between 35% and 45%, accompanied by increases in population (28% to 36%), real household income (50%), employment (49%), transit trips (75%), and enplanements (104%). Of the 2.27 to 2.87 million additional Virginians forecast by 2035, most (1.72 to 2.34 million) will settle in one of four planning district commissions (PDCs). These PDCs, and their expected population increases, are George Washington Regional (0.25 to 0.28 million), Richmond Regional (0.33 to 0.41 million), Hampton Roads (0.31 to 0.41 million), and Northern Virginia (0.83 to 1.23 million). Virginia will likely see the number of people age 65 and over double from 1 million at present to 2 million in 2035. Four potential policy responses to these forecasts are given in this report: (1) encourage increased density at select urban locations to reduce CO2 emissions; (2) use cost-effectiveness as a criterion to select project-level alternatives for achieving a particular goal; (3) identify policy initiatives to serve increased demographic market segments, and (4) quantify the economic harm of general aviation airport closures. These policy responses are not the only ones feasible but were selected because they necessitate the interagency coordination that is the premise of VTrans2035. The first two policy responses demonstrate limited but real promise. The first may reduce DVMT by 1.1% to 6.4% of the baseline 2035 DVMT forecast, for a reduction of 1.507 million metric tons of CO2 annually. Yet DVMT is affected to a greater degree by factors over which decision makers exert less influence than with density. For example, the 2035 baseline DVMT decreases by 7% if an alternative population forecast is assumed; 10% to 65% if real household income remains relatively flat; and 49% to 82% if fuel costs increase to $10/gal by year 2035. Thus, the best estimates of travel activity are highly sensitive to underlying assumptions regarding economic conditions, and the report accordingly documents, for each desired forecast, a range of possible values. The analysis of the second policy response found that the cost-effectiveness of plausible alternatives in a hypothetical case study varied by a factor of 3. By extension, this finding suggests that an ability to choose project alternatives based solely on each alternative's ability to meet a single goal or a limited number of goals--and without constraint by funding source (e.g., highway or transit, capital or operations)--can increase the cost-effectiveness of a project. The remaining two policy responses suggest that consideration of diverse alternatives, such as programs to help older persons continue driving, may be productive as suggested in some literature. Because the report does not contain the data necessary to evaluate the impacts of these programs, the report merely identifies such programs and demonstrates how they could be considered given the demographic changes forecast to occur between now and 2035.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geographic information systems Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is increasingly involved with the land development process in evolving transportation corridors. This process includes consideration of real estate interests, rezoning and permitting approvals, site plans, public utilities, right of way, access management, and the transportation facilities themselves. Localities may compete with one another for economic development and withhold plans for developing corridors or may simply be unaware of development intentions. It is therefore important that VDOT transportation planners anticipate and proactively address future development along corridors to avoid surprise, regret, and belated action. With many thousands of miles of undeveloped corridors across the Commonwealth, VDOT must prioritize the corridors and corridor sections most in need of immediate attention. This study developed a comprehensive approach using geographic information systems (GIS) to identify and prioritize the needs for protection strategies in countywide corridors. Over eighty GIS data layers sourced from VDOT, Fauquier County, and others were evaluated to determine appropriate factors for the analysis. Layers not available to other counties were ruled out. Layers were selected by adopting principles of risk management, asking experts about the flaws and consequences in corridor protection. Four indicator factors including lateral distance from corridors, proximity to intersection of corridors, proximity to population centers, and proximity to employment centers were used in the analysis to identify parcels with a high likelihood of development. Two constraint factors including protected parcels and economically developed parcels were used to identify very low likelihoods of development and eliminate parcels from the analysis. Several corridor sections were identified as candidates for further study of protection strategies including early right-of-way acquisition and access management. The density of curb cuts and the average parcel values and development likelihoods were plotted against the centerline mile to suggest the opportunities and costs of risk management. The methodology aims to generate maximum insight by using a manageable number of GIS layers and is repeatable in other cities, counties, and regions of Virginia by using currently available data. The suggested training material for the GIS analysts is (1) the PowerPoint presentation initially developed for the steering committee, and (2) the sample GIS layers and associated files that were used for the Fauquier County case study. Both are available for download at www.virginia.edu/crmes/corridorprotection. The results (relative prioritization of corridor sections) are not dependent on assumptions or steps that may differ from analyst to analyst. In the future, a web- or spreadsheet-based implementation of the layer combination process could be developed for use in presentations and public meetings. The results will help VDOT make the business case for corridor protection, for example, considering cost-effectiveness, return on investment, multiple objectives and stakeholders, and/or cost-benefit ratio. The results (maps of priorities) should highlight the features that confirm and reject the intuition of the planner and analyst. Numerous examples of such insights gained in discussion of the results with Fauquier County planning staff and the steering committee are included in this report.
Author: John Sanders Miller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
In support of the update to Virginia's 2035 Statewide Multimodal Plan, this report provides an update to select socioeconomic forecasts initially made in 2009 based on a review of data from national sources and the literature. Mobility needs exist for diverse Virginia subpopulations, such as persons without access to a vehicle (6.3% of statewide households or 8.8% of the state's workforce); non-drivers (a group whose composition is changing, with recent decreases in the percentage of Virginians age 15-24 with a driver's license contrasted with increases in the percentage of females age 65 or older [65+] with a driver's license); persons age 65+ (e.g., in 2010, the number of Virginians age 65+ outnumbered those age 19 or younger in only 1 of Virginia's 21 regions; by 2035, this will be the case in 8 of Virginia's 21 regions); and persons protected by environmental justice regulations (e.g., the income of 17.3% of Virginians was below 150% of the poverty level for 2006-2010, and the minority population was 35.2% of Virginia's population in 2010). Subpopulations may also be defined by geography. Although a projected increase in fuel prices between 2010 and 2035 of 48% for autos and 50% for trucks is expected to reduce highway travel more than would be the case without a price increase, the increase in population that is expected based on 2010-2035 levels may offset this decrease; with a variety of assumptions including elasticity of demand, an expected congestion cost in urban areas approaches $5.7 billion based on delay and costs associated with excess fuel consumption. In non-urbanized areas, a rough order of magnitude estimate of the cost of delays, derived in this report, is $285 million at present. Geographical differences are apparent; notably, the largest group of workers by income using public transportation in the Northern Virginia region and, just to its south, the George Washington Regional Commission comprised those with an income of $75,000 or more; by contrast, in the Richmond and Hampton Roads regions, the largest group comprised workers with an income below $10,000. Another geographical difference is that the percentage of those who speak English less than "very well" varies by region, from 0.6% to 13.4%. Implications of these forecasts are noted. For example, because more than one-third of the population age 65+ has a disability compared with about 7% of the population under age 65, the increase in persons age 65+ suggests that the percentage of Virginians with disabilities may also increase. As another example, despite the relatively large costs of congestion in Virginia's urbanized areas, other sources suggest that crash costs may be approximately 2.4 times as large as these congestion costs. As a third example, ways to increase motorist and transit passenger comfort may merit exploration as a means to reduce the perceived cost of travel. Because these implications transcend regional boundaries, they may offer opportunities to garner consensus on some transportation improvements and thus are appropriate to consider in future planning efforts.
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118762355 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1204
Book Description
A multi-disciplinary approach to transportation planning fundamentals The Transportation Planning Handbook is a comprehensive, practice-oriented reference that presents the fundamental concepts of transportation planning alongside proven techniques. This new fourth edition is more strongly focused on serving the needs of all users, the role of safety in the planning process, and transportation planning in the context of societal concerns, including the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. The content structure has been redesigned with a new format that promotes a more functionally driven multimodal approach to planning, design, and implementation, including guidance toward the latest tools and technology. The material has been updated to reflect the latest changes to major transportation resources such as the HCM, MUTCD, HSM, and more, including the most current ADA accessibility regulations. Transportation planning has historically followed the rational planning model of defining objectives, identifying problems, generating and evaluating alternatives, and developing plans. Planners are increasingly expected to adopt a more multi-disciplinary approach, especially in light of the rising importance of sustainability and environmental concerns. This book presents the fundamentals of transportation planning in a multidisciplinary context, giving readers a practical reference for day-to-day answers. Serve the needs of all users Incorporate safety into the planning process Examine the latest transportation planning software packages Get up to date on the latest standards, recommendations, and codes Developed by The Institute of Transportation Engineers, this book is the culmination of over seventy years of transportation planning solutions, fully updated to reflect the needs of a changing society. For a comprehensive guide with practical answers, The Transportation Planning Handbook is an essential reference.
Author: James Hamilton Lambert
Author: James Hamilton Lambert
Author: John Sanders Miller
Author: 
Author: Tamara Ashby
Author: John Sanders Miller
Author: 
Author: Virginia. Commonwealth Transportation Board
Author: John Sanders Miller
Author: 
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)