Comparison of Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean (glycine Max L.) Weed Control Systems for Optimizing Yield and Economic Profitability PDF Download

Author: Brittany Lee Gaban
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Research was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012 at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center in Knoxville, TN, in order to compare differences in soybean yield among differing levels of weed control within Roundup Ready® [Glyphosate-resistant] (RR)and conventional soybean cultivars to gain a better understanding of the impact different intensities of weed control have on RR and conventional cropping systems. Results determined that after applying the weed control regimens, there was no significant difference (p Glyphosate resistant weeds introduce new challenges and create a more costly weed control regimen, especially when using a RR based soybean cultivation operation. Therefore, calculated economic returns of RR and conventional weed management technologies used in this study were contrasted to determine profitability of each system. In a glyphosate resistant-free environment, the conventional soybean cultivar had a net return of only 0.4% greater than that of the RR cultivar. The comparison of cultivar net return and yield indicates conventional soybean production is competitive to RR productions, however the tremendous use of RR technologies leaves conventional crops vulnerable to potential damage or death due to drift. If glyphosate resistant weeds are present in an environment, RR production and hand hoeing may be the best choice for weed control.

Author: Tammy McKinley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Johnson grass
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Chad Joseph Lammers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Integrated weed management and herbicide application practices were assessed in field and greenhouse studies to improve weed control in herbicide-resistant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in Kansas. The field study was conducted to evaluate weed control, soybean yield, and profitability in two herbicide-resistant soybean systems and two row spacings. 2,4-D-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (Enlist E3) and isoxaflutole-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (LLGT27) soybeans were planted in 38- and 76-cm row spacing for four site-years. Three herbicide treatments were evaluated in each system: pre-emergence herbicide only (PRE), PRE followed by early post-emergence (POST), and POST plus overlapping residual (POR). Weed control was evaluated every 2 weeks after PRE application through R7 soybean. Weed biomass was collected before POST applications and at R7 soybean. Soybean yield was recorded at harvest. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. In Ottawa during 2020, POST and POR treatments resulted in ≥ 99% control for all species four WAT, while PRE resulted in ≥ 84% control. Similarly, control at Ashland Bottoms was ≥ 90% for POST and POR treatments, while PRE resulted in 7% for isoxaflutole- 62% for 2,4-D-resistant soybeans. All treatments resulted in ≥ 95% control at Scandia in 2021. Row spacing had a minimal effect on weed control and mixed results for yield. In the greenhouse study, the objective was to determine the effect of herbicide combination, optimize carrier volume, and evaluate weed height on weed control. Co-applications of combinations of 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate were applied in carrier volumes of 93-, 140-, and 187- L ha−1to 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). Visual ratings and above ground biomass were collected four weeks after treatment. Water-sensitive paper was also sprayed with the same herbicide combinations and carrier volumes to evaluate differences in spray coverage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. Carrier volume did not affect Palmer amaranth or large crabgrass control. Control of 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth was 100%, ≥ 91%, and 6.7 to 79%, respectively, and variation was caused by the herbicide combinations. 2,4-D plus glyphosate provided the greatest Palmer amaranth control. Large crabgrass control pooled for both experiments was ≥ 82% when treatments were applied at 5 cm, but control of 10- or 20-cm large crabgrass was reduced to 51 to 56%. There was a carrier volume by herbicide co-application interaction for the number of droplets deposited and percent area covered on water-sensitive paper. Co-applications containing glufosinate had more droplets than those not containing glufosinate. 2,4-D plus glyphosate had the smallest percent area covered, compared to the other herbicide co-applications. Data from the field study confirms that two-pass herbicide programs are superior to PRE- only programs, regardless of the inclusion of a layered residual herbicide. However, this research did not evaluate the impact of layered residual herbicides on weed seed production, which is crucial for long-term weed management. Results from the greenhouse study suggest that under ideal conditions, carrier volume is less important than herbicide combination and weed size for control of Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass.

Author: Yin Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Techniques to improve specialty crop herbicide tolerance, and identifying new methods of weed control are needed to help secure the future of vegetable production. My dissertation research addressed both concerns. First, I used soybean as model plant to investigate response and physiology of grafted glyphosate-resistant (RR) and conventional (CN) soybean plants to glyphosate. Glyphosate (0.28, 0.84 and 1.68 kg ae ha-1) was applied to CN/CN (scion/rootstock), CN/RR, RR/CN (only in growth stage experiment) and RR/RR grafted plants that had been generated using CN and RR genotypes. Variables tested included three growth stages (3, 6 and 10-leaf stages), nine CN/RR genotype combinations, and two growing environments (day/night thermoperiods of 28/22 C and 24/18 C). Small CN/RR plants (65%) and medium-sized plants (50%) were injured more than large plants (40%) 34 days with 0.84 kg ae ha-1 of glyphosate. Genotype of the scion had a greater effect on glyphosate tolerance compared to rootstock. Fewer leaves produced on CN/RR construct 5388/9392 under the warmer day/night temperatures following treatment with glyphosate. Seventy-two hours after treatment (HAT), 35% less shikimate was found in CN/RR compared to CN/CN plants. No cp4-epsps mRNA was detected in leaves of CN/RR plants, but a very small amount of CP4-EPSPS protein (=0.004% of that in RR leaf) was detected in the CN/RR leaves. More foliar-applied 14C-glyphosate and derivative was translocated to the root system of CN/RR compared to CN/CN. These data indicate that translocation of glyphosate from the CN scion to the RR rootstock is a major contributor to the partial tolerance to glyphosate observed in CN/RR transgrafted soybeans. Second, to aid in development of new weed control methods for vegetables, I assessed the response of several vegetable crops as well as three important weed species to the new herbicide bicyclopyrone. Onion, carrot, radish and dill were relatively tolerant of pre-emergence (PRE) and post-directed (POSTDIR) bicyclopyrone at 37.5 and 50 g ai ha-1. In contrast, bicyclopyrone post-emergence (POST) induced severe injury. Greenhouse experiments further examined the effect of soil type and variety on the response of onion, carrot and leek to 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 g ha-1 of bicyclopyrone applied PRE. All test crops were uninjured by bicyclopyrone PRE when grown in muck soil, whereas all crops grown in sand + Pro-Mix BXTM blend were injured. Control of hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.) treated with bicyclopyrone POST or PRE was assessed in different soils and with each weed at three stages of growth. POST bicyclopyrone at 37.5 and 50 g ha-1 controlled hairy galinsoga and small common purslane plants (¿ 80% injury).. Hairy galinsoga was well controlled (80% injury) when growing in a Wooster silt loam and in a Pro-Mix BXTM 2:3 v/v blend. Common purslane was injured by PRE application to the muck soil and was well controlled in the Wooster silt loam and Pro-Mix BXTM blend. Bicyclopyrone POST and PRE did not control prostrate pigweed in either soil type or at any growth stage.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Author: Matthew C. Geiger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
Shifts toward herbicide resistant weed populations in row crop agriculture is a widespread epidemic. Sequential applications of EPSPS synthase-inhibitors, acetolactate synthase-inhibitors, and other herbicide site-of-action groups, have led to the selection and spread of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes (Powles, 2008; Tranel and Wright, 2002). New soybean systems with resistance to auxin herbicides, along with proprietary herbicide formulations, have been developed to control these herbicide-resistant weeds in soybean production. These new technologies will be compared in both conventional- and no-till with technologies which have been available for several years, in the aspects of weed control, yield, and economic return on investment (EROI). In both 2016 and 2017, when using preemergence (PRE) followed by postemergence (POST) herbicide programs, there were few differences in weed control between the six soybean systems. Adequate grain yield was provided by all soybean systems when proper herbicide programs were used. EROI was the highest when optimum yields were achieved, regardless of treatment cost.

Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Author: Stephen O. Duke
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351081640
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Book Description
Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.

Author: L.G. Copping
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401128707
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 380

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Book Description
This book is the third in a series of volumes on major tropical and sub-tropical crops. These books aim to review the current state of the art in management of the total spectrum of pests and diseases which affect these crops in each major growing area using a multi-disciplinary approach. Soybean is economically the most important legume in the world. It is nutritious and easily digested, and is one of the richest and cheapest sources of protein. It is currently vital for the sustenance of many people and it will play an integral role in any future attempts to relieve world hunger. Soybean seed contains about 17% of oil and about 63% of meal, half of which is protein. Modern research has developed a variety of uses for soybean oil. It is processed into margarine, shortening, mayonnaise, salad creams and vegetarian cheeses. Industrially it is used in resins, plastics, paints, adhesives, fertilisers, sizing for cloth, linoleum backing, fire extinguishing materials, printing inks and a variety of other products. Soybean meal is a high-protein meat substitute and is used in the developed countries in many processed foods, including baby foods, but mainly as a feed for livestock. Soybean (Glycine max), which evolved from Glycine ussuriensis, a wild legume native to northern China, has been known and used in China since the eleventh century Be. It was introduced into Europe in the eighteenth century and into the United States in 1804 as an ornamental garden plant in Philadelphia.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172128
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289

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Book Description
This book explores the risks and benefits of crops that are genetically modified for pest resistance, the urgency of establishing an appropriate regulatory framework for these products, and the importance of public understanding of the issues. The committee critically reviews federal policies toward transgenic products, the 1986 coordinated framework among the key federal agencies in the field, and rules proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency for regulation of plant pesticides. This book provides detailed analyses of: Mechanisms and results of genetic engineering compared to conventional breeding for pest resistance. Review of scientific issues associated with transgenic pest-protected plants, such as allergenicity, impact on nontarget plants, evolution of the pest species, and other concerns. Overview of regulatory framework and its use of scientific information with suggestions for improvements.