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Author: Ajin Park Publisher: ISBN: Category : Embryonic stem cells Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Gastrulation is an early morphogenetic process that is conserved across most metazoans and lays out the future body plan through the formation and shaping of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Despite its importance, not much is known about the events surrounding human gastrulation that occurs in utero due to ethical and technical limitations on studying human embryos. Therefore, many researchers have devised protocols for creating in vitro models of gastrulation using embryonic stem cells. Initially starting with mouse embryonic stem cells, the field of in vitro embryo models has advanced rapidly, with protocols using human embryonic stem cells being only recently published in 2020. However, validation of these models through comparison with other in vitro models or with animal gastrulae has only started. As such, this study investigates one of the first 3D gastruloid protocol using human embryonic stem cells to create an optimized protocol using the H1 embryonic stem cell line, which is then validated with immunofluorescent staining for germ layer markers. And lastly, cells from 3D gastruloids generated from H1 and RUES2-GRL cell lineswere tested for the ability to self-aggregate through a dissociation and reseeding experiment onto 2D micropatterns. Whereas cells from dissociated RUES2-GRL 3D gastruloids showed clear evidence of self-aggregation comparable to what was reported in a similar experiment with 2D gastruloids, cells from H1 3D gastruloids did not. However, further optimization of the protocol is needed. Overall, the results reported in this thesis have identified conditions to generate in vitro H1 3D elongating gastruloids with three germ layers, as well as showing the evolutionarily conserved sorting ability of 3D RUES2-GRL gastruloid cells.
Author: Ajin Park Publisher: ISBN: Category : Embryonic stem cells Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Gastrulation is an early morphogenetic process that is conserved across most metazoans and lays out the future body plan through the formation and shaping of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Despite its importance, not much is known about the events surrounding human gastrulation that occurs in utero due to ethical and technical limitations on studying human embryos. Therefore, many researchers have devised protocols for creating in vitro models of gastrulation using embryonic stem cells. Initially starting with mouse embryonic stem cells, the field of in vitro embryo models has advanced rapidly, with protocols using human embryonic stem cells being only recently published in 2020. However, validation of these models through comparison with other in vitro models or with animal gastrulae has only started. As such, this study investigates one of the first 3D gastruloid protocol using human embryonic stem cells to create an optimized protocol using the H1 embryonic stem cell line, which is then validated with immunofluorescent staining for germ layer markers. And lastly, cells from 3D gastruloids generated from H1 and RUES2-GRL cell lineswere tested for the ability to self-aggregate through a dissociation and reseeding experiment onto 2D micropatterns. Whereas cells from dissociated RUES2-GRL 3D gastruloids showed clear evidence of self-aggregation comparable to what was reported in a similar experiment with 2D gastruloids, cells from H1 3D gastruloids did not. However, further optimization of the protocol is needed. Overall, the results reported in this thesis have identified conditions to generate in vitro H1 3D elongating gastruloids with three germ layers, as well as showing the evolutionarily conserved sorting ability of 3D RUES2-GRL gastruloid cells.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309676681 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
Because of the recent advances in embryo modeling techniques, and at the request of the Office of Science Policy in the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, hosted a 1-day public workshop that would explore the state of the science of mammalian embryo model systems. The workshop, which took place on January 17, 2020, featured a combination of presentations, panels, and general discussions, during which panelists and participants offered a broad range of perspectives. Participants considered whether embryo model systems - especially those that use nonhuman primate cells - can be used to predict the function of systems made with human cells. Presentations provided an overview of the current state of the science of in vitro development of human trophoblast. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
Author: Douglas W Houston Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128125918 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. - Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development - Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer - Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Author: Great Britain. Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology Publisher: ISBN: Category : Artificial insemination Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
The Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (1984) (the “Warnock report”) set out the regulatory framework and ethical consensus that still govern human fertilisation today. It was the work of a committee chaired by Warnock, which had spent two years painstakingly sifting evidence from doctors, scientists, anti-abortion groups, faith leaders, and many more.The inquiry was prompted by new in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques, which led to the birth of the first “test tube” baby, Louise Brown, in 1978. Some were uneasy about the ethics of IVF, and by 1980 MPs were lobbying for an inquiry.
Author: Ariff Bongso Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814289388 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 721
Book Description
Stem cell biology has drawn tremendous interest in recent years as it promises cures for a variety of incurable diseases. This book deals with the basic and clinical aspects of stem cell research and involves work on the full spectrum of stem cells isolated today. It also covers the conversion of stem cell types into a variety of useful tissues which may be used in the future for transplantation therapy. It is thus aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, doctors, tissue engineers and anyone who wishes to gain some insight into stem cell biology. This book is important as it is comprehensive and covers all aspects of stem cell biology, from basic research to clinical applications. It will have 33 chapters written by renowned stem cell scientists worldwide. It will be up-to-date and all the chapters include self-explanatory figures, color photographs, graphics and tables. It will be easy to read and give the reader a complete understanding and state of the art of the exciting science and its applications.
Author: Claudio D. Stern Publisher: CSHL Press ISBN: 9780879697075 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 802
Book Description
During gastrulation, tissue layers are formed and the overall body plan is established. This book is the definitive guide to this vitally important period in embryonic development, providing authoritative and up to date information that includes the first comprehensive interspecies comparison, cell movements and patterning events, the roles of individual genes and gene families, and the evolution of gastrulation.
Author: Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz Publisher: Random House ISBN: 0753552949 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
'Quite simply the best book about science and life that I have ever read' - Alice Roberts How does life begin? What drives a newly fertilized egg to keep dividing and growing until it becomes 40 trillion cells, a greater number than stars in the galaxy? How do these cells know how to make a human, from lips to heart to toes? How does your body build itself? Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz was pregnant at 42 when a routine genetic test came back with that dreaded word: abnormal. A quarter of sampled cells contained abnormalities and she was warned her baby had an increased risk of being miscarried or born with birth defects. Six months later she gave birth to a healthy baby boy and her research on mice embryos went on to prove that – as she had suspected – the embryo has an amazing and previously unknown ability to correct abnormal cells at an early stage of its development. The Dance of Life will take you inside the incredible world of life just as it begins and reveal the wonder of the earliest and most profound moments in how we become human. Through Magda’s trailblazing research as a professor at Cambridge – where she has doubled the survival time of human embryos in the laboratory, and made the first artificial embryo-like structures from stem cells – you’ll discover how early life is programmed to repair and organise itself, what this means for the future of pregnancy, and how we might one day solve IVF disorders, prevent miscarriages and learn more about the dance of life as it starts to take shape. The Dance of Life is a moving celebration of the balletic beauty of life’s beginnings.
Author: George J. Christ Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521899494 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Author: Ajin Park
Author: Ajin Park
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Matthew H. Kaufman
Author: Ronan O'Rahilly
Author: Douglas W Houston
Author: Great Britain. Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology
Author: Ariff Bongso
Author: Claudio D. Stern
Author: Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
Author: George J. Christ