Comparing Food Desert and Non-food Desert Residents by Key Socio-demographic Variables, Distance to Supermarkets, Supermarket Type by Price, Diet Quality and Obesity in King County, Washington PDF Download
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Author: Lola Stronach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Obesity Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
The causes of obesity are multi-factorial; however, decreased access to healthy and affordable foods has emerged as an important factor. Areas where access to healthy and affordable foods is limited are known as food deserts. Although the definition of food deserts has evolved since the term was coined in the early 1990s, it is currently defined by the USDA using distance and income as the main criteria and census tracts as the geographic unit. A new web-based tool called the USDA Food Desert Locator was developed in 2011 to identify food desert census tracts across the U.S. using the USDA definition. This study utilizes information from the USDA Food Desert Locator to enhance a secondary data analysis of the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS). The overall goal of this study is to describe and compare the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants enrolled in the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS), a large county based study of food cost, access and quality. This study will also analyze the effects of residing in a food desert on measures of diet quality and obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI) among SOS participants. This is a secondary data analysis of the SOS. Briefly, the SOS is a 2007 cross-sectional telephone survey that was modeled on the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The data was collected within King County, Washington in 2007 and 2008. Data for 2,001 participants was collected. The SOS survey captured extensive data on food and eating, along with demographic factors and physical measures including height and weight. Food deserts were determined using the USDA Food Desert Locator tool. Seventeen census tracts were identified and used to filter SOS participants within King County, Washington. This study analyzed individual level data to ascertain relationships between food desert residence and SES, supermarket type by price, diet quality and obesity. Results show that residing in a food desert is not the key factor associated with obesity, but that SES as defined by income and education are. Solving issues surrounding access to healthy fruits and vegetables may not be as easy as previously thought. Building a new supermarket in food deserts may solve issues of access relating to distance, but it may not solve the socioeconomic challenges facing food desert residents.
Author: Lola Stronach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Obesity Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
The causes of obesity are multi-factorial; however, decreased access to healthy and affordable foods has emerged as an important factor. Areas where access to healthy and affordable foods is limited are known as food deserts. Although the definition of food deserts has evolved since the term was coined in the early 1990s, it is currently defined by the USDA using distance and income as the main criteria and census tracts as the geographic unit. A new web-based tool called the USDA Food Desert Locator was developed in 2011 to identify food desert census tracts across the U.S. using the USDA definition. This study utilizes information from the USDA Food Desert Locator to enhance a secondary data analysis of the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS). The overall goal of this study is to describe and compare the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants enrolled in the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS), a large county based study of food cost, access and quality. This study will also analyze the effects of residing in a food desert on measures of diet quality and obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI) among SOS participants. This is a secondary data analysis of the SOS. Briefly, the SOS is a 2007 cross-sectional telephone survey that was modeled on the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The data was collected within King County, Washington in 2007 and 2008. Data for 2,001 participants was collected. The SOS survey captured extensive data on food and eating, along with demographic factors and physical measures including height and weight. Food deserts were determined using the USDA Food Desert Locator tool. Seventeen census tracts were identified and used to filter SOS participants within King County, Washington. This study analyzed individual level data to ascertain relationships between food desert residence and SES, supermarket type by price, diet quality and obesity. Results show that residing in a food desert is not the key factor associated with obesity, but that SES as defined by income and education are. Solving issues surrounding access to healthy fruits and vegetables may not be as easy as previously thought. Building a new supermarket in food deserts may solve issues of access relating to distance, but it may not solve the socioeconomic challenges facing food desert residents.
Author: Michele Ver Ploeg Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437921345 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 directed the U.S. Dept. of Agr. to conduct a 1-year study to assess the extent of areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, identify characteristics and causes of such areas, consider how limited access affects local populations, and outline recommend. to address the problem. This report presents the findings of the study, which include results from two conferences of national and internat. authorities on food deserts and a set of research studies. It also includes reviews of existing literature, a national-level assessment of access to large grocery stores and supermarkets, analysis of the economic and public health effects of limited access, and a discussion of existing policy interventions. Illus.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309137284 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.
Author: Steve Martinez Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437933629 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
This comprehensive overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems. Defining ¿local¿ based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers¿ markets or to schools, is well recognized. Statistics suggest that local food markets account for a small, but growing, share of U.S. agricultural production. For smaller farms, direct marketing to consumers accounts for a higher percentage of their sales than for larger farms. Charts and tables.
Author: United State Commission on Civil Rights Publisher: ISBN: 9781365078712 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
The Illinois Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights submits this report, "Food Deserts in Chicago," as part of its responsibility to examine and report on civil rights issues in Illinois under the jurisdiction of the Commission. The Committee has been monitoring the issue of health disparities in Chicago for several years and this report is the culmination of research, a briefing, numerous working group sessions, and, finally, a fact finding meeting on the issue in August 2010. The report was approved by a vote of 18 to 1. At the start of this project, it did not take long to realize that many Chicago neighborhoods are considered food deserts because of the difficulty residents of these areas have in accessing fresh, nutritious foods, in particular fruits and vegetables. Of note to this Committee is the fact that these food desert neighborhoods are almost exclusively in African American neighborhoods.
Author: Zhongyi Wang Publisher: ISBN: 9781267551177 Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
In this paper we utilized a panel data set from 2004 to 2010 to identify and determine the demographic and economic drivers of food deserts in both urban and rural areas in Arkansas. We defined food deserts as areas where access to healthy foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits are limited. More specifically, separate distance measures from the census block centroid to the nearest supermarket or grocery store were used to determine if the area is an urban food desert (1 mile) or rural food desert (10 miles). These distance measures were then aggregated at the census block group level. Locations of supermarkets and big grocery stores that provide fresh produce were geocoded (latitude and longitude) accordingly. Socio-demographic and economic variables at the census block group level were then matched with the distance information. These variables were from Census 2000 Summary File 3. Finally, we employed multivariate regression approaches to model the relationship between socio-demographic and economic factors and the existence of urban and rural food deserts in Arkansas. We found that block groups with deprived situation, such as less per capita income, higher unemployment, and less educational attainment, will be more likely to be food deserts.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309263476 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
For many Americans who live at or below the poverty threshold, access to healthy foods at a reasonable price is a challenge that often places a strain on already limited resources and may compel them to make food choices that are contrary to current nutritional guidance. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of nutrition assistance programs designed to improve access to healthy foods for low-income individuals and households. The largest of these programs is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the Food Stamp Program, which today serves more than 46 million Americans with a program cost in excess of $75 billion annually. The goals of SNAP include raising the level of nutrition among low-income households and maintaining adequate levels of nutrition by increasing the food purchasing power of low-income families. In response to questions about whether there are different ways to define the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study to examine the feasibility of defining the adequacy of SNAP allotments, specifically: the feasibility of establishing an objective, evidence-based, science-driven definition of the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, as well as other relevant dimensions of adequacy; and data and analyses needed to support an evidence-based assessment of the adequacy of SNAP allotments. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy reviews the current evidence, including the peer-reviewed published literature and peer-reviewed government reports. Although not given equal weight with peer-reviewed publications, some non-peer-reviewed publications from nongovernmental organizations and stakeholder groups also were considered because they provided additional insight into the behavioral aspects of participation in nutrition assistance programs. In addition to its evidence review, the committee held a data gathering workshop that tapped a range of expertise relevant to its task.
Author: Mohammad Alnasrallah Publisher: ISBN: Category : African Americans Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
The concept of food desert is becoming important in the United States and other developed countries. Academics, policy makers, and community groups use this term to identify populated urban and rural areas where residents do not have access to healthy diets. Issues concerning how people consume food in developed countries are not just about supply, demand, or distribution. Rather, the recent focus in developed countries has been on what types of food and the quality of food people consume. Public health literature suggests that the price and accessibility of fresh food may be an important factor along with neighborhood environment and residents' diet quality when considering the issue of, for example, obesity. With access only to unhealthy food choices in neighborhoods that lack access to healthy food, or food deserts, residents may face negative changes in their diets. These changes may lead to obesity and other related health problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a suit of related chronic health issues. High rates of obesity are usually found in neighborhoods with the lowest incomes and with the lowest education level. The method developed for the identification of a food desert will be based on those reported in the literature plus modifications needed for the study area. The implementation of the method will provide a basis to compare their outcome with these reported in other studies. The comparison will facilitate a discussion that may lead to further exploring the inclusion and weighting of various socio-economic characteristics of neighborhoods for future studies. GIS techniques such as, network analysis closest facility and geographically weighted regression are used in this study to detect and explore the area of food desert as well as making comparison between different ethnic groups.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030930783X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.
Author: Katherine Dawn Morris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Political planning Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
Defined as large geographic areas where residents have limited access to grocery stores and therefore to healthy food, food deserts are thought to contribute to poor diets, especially among people with low incomes and limited mobility. In 2009, the Economic Research Service (ERS) at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) delivered a report to Congress that included the Food Desert Locator database, which provided a nationwide quantitative standard for categorizing a census tract as a food desert. In this study, I aggregate these data to the county level in order to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between food desert intensity and obesity rates. I find that, while there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between these two variables, the magnitude of this relationship is too small to be impactful. These results suggest that the USDA's Food Desert Locator may have some promise as a nationwide measure, but they also suggest the need for additional testing and improvement in order to enhance its utility as a guide for policymaking.
Author: Lola Stronach
Author: Lola Stronach
Author: Michele Ver Ploeg
Author: National Research Council
Author: Steve Martinez
Author: United State Commission on Civil Rights
Author: Zhongyi Wang
Author: National Research Council
Author: Mohammad Alnasrallah
Author: National Research Council
Author: Katherine Dawn Morris