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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Allan M. Collautt Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1450069525 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
The subject of this book is public welfare systems and practical opportunities for their dramatic improvement in the areas of administrative and financial management. The recommended approach is founded on meaningful participation of local communities in many critical decisions toward effective functioning of public systems and measurable outcomes of this functioning from the community perspective. Increased role of local communities and their members is not envisioned on the basis of a weakening coordination and control by governmental authorities. To the contrary, elements of self-administration and active community involvement are expected to make public bureaucracies more effective, when assessed by their constituencies. The author of the book does not profess to be an expert on all systems of public services, especially considering that the term public services itself lacks clarity and may prompt a lengthy discussion. Assuming that the term public services embodies what a government does for its community, it is obvious that it encompasses many fields of activity and many industries. Nevertheless, the author maintains that numerous areas of government involvement toward serving its constituencies have much in common, which warrants an opportunity to design and implement a uniform approach for solving basic administrative and financial management problems. The author holds that the foundation of such universal approach is community participation and community-based philosophy of service delivery. Not all public services systems seem equally requiring improvement or overhaul. Our country appears to be in desperate need for innovative and effective solutions in those areas of government involvement that focus on special populations especially when their memberships are comprised of those who are often called disadvantaged. For such systems of public assistance the recommendations presented in this book should not be seen as a panacea but as a guide and a general direction. If one accepts the tenets of this book, its founding values, and its suggested course of action, one would necessarily realize that each implementation of the recommendations herein would take its own path meandering along the straight line charted by the author.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133181 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Author: Ingrid Robeyns Publisher: Open Book Publishers ISBN: 1783744243 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
How do we evaluate ambiguous concepts such as wellbeing, freedom, and social justice? How do we develop policies that offer everyone the best chance to achieve what they want from life? The capability approach, a theoretical framework pioneered by the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s, has become an increasingly influential way to think about these issues. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice: The Capability Approach Re-Examined is both an introduction to the capability approach and a thorough evaluation of the challenges and disputes that have engrossed the scholars who have developed it. Ingrid Robeyns offers her own illuminating and rigorously interdisciplinary interpretation, arguing that by appreciating the distinction between the general capability approach and more specific capability theories or applications we can create a powerful and flexible tool for use in a variety of academic disciplines and fields of policymaking. This book provides an original and comprehensive account that will appeal to scholars of the capability approach, new readers looking for an interdisciplinary introduction, and those interested in theories of justice, human rights, basic needs, and the human development approach.
Author: Youngwha Kee Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319299425 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
This book explores social factors that influence well-being, as well as the relationship between these factors. It examines individual areas of social policy from the perspective of children’s well-being, gender equity, and the impact of crime and social capital. The book discusses the relationships of well-being with the provision of public services, with developing a sense of community, and dimensions of happiness in nations. Bringing together perspectives from around the globe, the book provides both theoretical and applied explorations. It links the idea of influencing social factors and outcomes to community well-being, thus adding a new perspective. In doing so, it reflects the new and exciting research that is being conducted at the intersection between social factors, policy, impacts, and community well-being.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309055342 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 497
Book Description
How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.
Author: Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309581907 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
"The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.
Author: Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309294479 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
Subjective well-being refers to how people experience and evaluate their lives and specific domains and activities in their lives. This information has already proven valuable to researchers, who have produced insights about the emotional states and experiences of people belonging to different groups, engaged in different activities, at different points in the life course, and involved in different family and community structures. Research has also revealed relationships between people's self-reported, subjectively assessed states and their behavior and decisions. Research on subjective well-being has been ongoing for decades, providing new information about the human condition. During the past decade, interest in the topic among policy makers, national statistical offices, academic researchers, the media, and the public has increased markedly because of its potential for shedding light on the economic, social, and health conditions of populations and for informing policy decisions across these domains. Subjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience explores the use of this measure in population surveys. This report reviews the current state of research and evaluates methods for the measurement. In this report, a range of potential experienced well-being data applications are cited, from cost-benefit studies of health care delivery to commuting and transportation planning, environmental valuation, and outdoor recreation resource monitoring, and even to assessment of end-of-life treatment options. Subjective Well-Being finds that, whether used to assess the consequence of people's situations and policies that might affect them or to explore determinants of outcomes, contextual and covariate data are needed alongside the subjective well-being measures. This report offers guidance about adopting subjective well-being measures in official government surveys to inform social and economic policies and considers whether research has advanced to a point which warrants the federal government collecting data that allow aspects of the population's subjective well-being to be tracked and associated with changing conditions.
Author: Radosveta Dimitrova Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190654066 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
"Roma ethnic minority, also called the Romani people and sometimes as gypsies (usually in derogatory way), have one of the most dramatic histories in Europe and worldwide. The Indian origin of Roma as advocated by linguists since the 18th century, based on similarities between the Romany language (referred also as Romanes or Romani) and the Sanskrit (Achim, 2004), is now widely accepted. Although the precise region of the Indian sub-continent which Roma originated and migrated from to Europe remains elusive, genetic linguistic, historical and anthropological findings suggest that their migration started from Central India, to the Northern India, then transiting Persia and Armenia and travelled towards the Byzantine Empire and Asia Minor, and finally to Greece (Kenrick, 2007). The precise time when the journey started is also uncertain. Historical records indicate that Roma first came to work in Persia sometime between 224-241, and were either brought or deported to the Arab Empire at the start of 661, reach Constantinople in 1050, and then were in Greece in 1290. They then continued to Eastern Europe and Balkans (arriving in Serbia in 1348, Croatia in 1362, Bulgaria in 1378, Romania in 1385), followed by Central and Western Europe (arriving in Germany in 1407, France and Switzerland in 1418, Belgium in 1419, Holland in 1420, Italy in 1422, Spain in 1425, Hungary in 1489, and England in 1513; see Kenrick, 2007, for a comprehensive chronology of Roma history)"--
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Allan M. Collautt
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Ingrid Robeyns
Author: Youngwha Kee
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Meredith Minkler
Author: Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health
Author: Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework
Author: Radosveta Dimitrova