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Author: Sarin Adhikari Publisher: ISBN: Category : Intergovernmental cooperation Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Metropolitan fragmentation is considered the root cause of inequality among local governments. Self-governing localities have the power to exercise zoning and land-use laws to lock up their resources, which gives them a competitive edge against their neighbors. Localities are unique in terms of their economic capacity, fiscal strength, geographic location, racial makeup of their residents and their income status. Such differences reflect into variation in preference for urban infrastructure and the capacity of local governments to provide preferred services at the lowest possible taxes and fees. Some scholars have suggested consolidating localities into large regional governments to overcome such inequalities. However, studies focused on consolidated regional governments show that they have not been successful in fulfilling their promises. This manuscript is predicated on the argument that production of urban services need not be competitive as its provision, and localities can reap benefits of scale-economy and standardization of services through voluntary mutual cooperation and policy coordination without having to abdicate their rights of self-governance. The purpose of this manuscript vi is to identify various economic, political, social, and geographic characteristics of localities that influence the extent of cooperation among them. This manuscript intends to do that by using aggregate data and quantitative methods designed to overcome weaknesses faced by previous studies. The data used for this analysis comes from 1,164 general purpose local governments - cities, municipalities, counties, and townships - within 51 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. It uses robust linear regression to identify causal relationship between variables representing local economic, social, political, and geographic characteristics and the extent of interlocal cooperation among localities. Metropolitan fragmentation, growth in the developmental sector, fiscal stress, poverty, and the senior population are found to positively influence local governments' decision to cooperate with their neighbors. Conversely, property value, growth in manufacturing sector, higher percentage of whites and the rich are found to negatively influence cooperation decisions. Similarly, localities in close proximity are found to engage less in interlocal cooperation, whereas African-American population is found to have no substantial influence on cooperation decisions. Besides, cities and municipalities are found to engage more in interlocal cooperation than counties, and localities in the South are found to be less inclined to pursue interlocal cooperation than the rest of the country.
Author: Sarin Adhikari Publisher: ISBN: Category : Intergovernmental cooperation Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Metropolitan fragmentation is considered the root cause of inequality among local governments. Self-governing localities have the power to exercise zoning and land-use laws to lock up their resources, which gives them a competitive edge against their neighbors. Localities are unique in terms of their economic capacity, fiscal strength, geographic location, racial makeup of their residents and their income status. Such differences reflect into variation in preference for urban infrastructure and the capacity of local governments to provide preferred services at the lowest possible taxes and fees. Some scholars have suggested consolidating localities into large regional governments to overcome such inequalities. However, studies focused on consolidated regional governments show that they have not been successful in fulfilling their promises. This manuscript is predicated on the argument that production of urban services need not be competitive as its provision, and localities can reap benefits of scale-economy and standardization of services through voluntary mutual cooperation and policy coordination without having to abdicate their rights of self-governance. The purpose of this manuscript vi is to identify various economic, political, social, and geographic characteristics of localities that influence the extent of cooperation among them. This manuscript intends to do that by using aggregate data and quantitative methods designed to overcome weaknesses faced by previous studies. The data used for this analysis comes from 1,164 general purpose local governments - cities, municipalities, counties, and townships - within 51 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. It uses robust linear regression to identify causal relationship between variables representing local economic, social, political, and geographic characteristics and the extent of interlocal cooperation among localities. Metropolitan fragmentation, growth in the developmental sector, fiscal stress, poverty, and the senior population are found to positively influence local governments' decision to cooperate with their neighbors. Conversely, property value, growth in manufacturing sector, higher percentage of whites and the rich are found to negatively influence cooperation decisions. Similarly, localities in close proximity are found to engage less in interlocal cooperation, whereas African-American population is found to have no substantial influence on cooperation decisions. Besides, cities and municipalities are found to engage more in interlocal cooperation than counties, and localities in the South are found to be less inclined to pursue interlocal cooperation than the rest of the country.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309581907 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
"The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.
Author: Russell L. Hanson Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1538139332 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
This book introduces students to the complex landscape of state-local intergovernmental relations today. Each chapter illustrates conflict and cooperation for policy problems including the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental regulation, marijuana regulation, and government management capacity. The contributors, leading experts in the field, help students enhance their understanding of the importance of state-local relations in the U.S. federal system, argue for better analysis of the consequences of state-local relations for the quality of policy outcomes, and introduce them to public service career opportunities in state and local government.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781009157971 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Deserai A. Crow Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1009062409 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Disasters can serve as focusing events that increase agenda attention related to issues of disaster response, recovery, and preparedness. Increased agenda attention can lead to policy changes and organisational learning. The degree and type of learning that occurs within a government organization after a disaster may matter to policy outcomes related to individual, household, and community-level risks and resilience. Local governments are the first line of disaster response but also bear the burden of performing long-term disaster recovery and planning for future events. Crow and Albright present the first framework for understanding if, how, and to what effect communities and local governments learn after a disaster strikes. Drawing from analyses conducted over a five-year period following extreme flooding in Colorado, USA, Community Disaster Recovery: Moving from Vulnerability to Resilience presents a framework of community-level learning after disaster and the factors that catalyse policy change towards resilience.
Author: Bureau of Justice Assistance Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781497517820 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The movement toward community policing has gained momentum in recent years as police and community leaders search for more effective ways to promote public safety and to enhance the quality of life in their neighborhoods. Chiefs, sheriffs, and other policing officials are currently assessing what changes in orientation, organization, and operations will allow them to benefit the communities they serve by improving the quality of the services they provide.Community policing encompasses a variety of philosophical and practical approaches and is still evolving rapidly. Community policing strategies vary depending on the needs and responses of the communities involved; however, certain basic principles and considerations are common to all community policing efforts.To date, no succinct overview of community policing exists for practitioners who want to learn to use this wide-ranging approach to address the problems of crime and disorder in their communities. Understanding Community Policing, prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, is the beginning of an effort to bring community policing into focus. The document, while not a final product, assembles and examines the critical components of community policing to help foster the learning process and to structure the experimentation and modification required to make community policing work.Established and funded by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the Community Policing Consortium includes representatives from the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Sheriffs' Association, the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), and the Police Foundation. BJA gave the Consortium the task of developing a conceptual framework for community policing and assisting agencies in implementing community policing. The process was designed to be a learning experience, allowing police, community members, and policymakers to assess the effectiveness of different implementation procedures and the impact of community policing on local levels of crime, violence, fear, and other public-safety problems.
Author: Naim Kapucu Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning ISBN: 1284273075 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
As the scale, frequency, and intensity of crises faced by the world have dramatically increased over the last decade, there is a critical need for a careful stocktaking on the knowledge of managing disasters. Managing Emergencies and Crises: Global Perspectives clearly and comprehensively explores the most important concepts of emergency and crisis management (such as mitigation, protection, prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, vulnerability and risk assessment) and illustrates them with cases involving disasters and emergencies worldwide. Substantially revised, the Second Edition has been reorganized and includes two new and timely chapters on terrorism and emergency management and public health emergencies and crises. It also provides an emphasis on management and leadership and cross-sector governance from interdisciplinary and global perspectives
Author: Sarin Adhikari
Author: Sarin Adhikari
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health
Author: Russell L. Hanson
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Author: Deserai A. Crow
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Government Operations
Author: Bureau of Justice Assistance
Author: 
Author: Naim Kapucu