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Author: John Baffes Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821345887 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Agricultural commodity markets in many developing countries are being reformed and are being based on market forces rather than regulated prices and official monopolies. This book discusses reforms in the markets for cocoa, coffee, cotton, grains, and sugar and looks at the reasons for success and failure.
Author: John Baffes Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821345887 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Agricultural commodity markets in many developing countries are being reformed and are being based on market forces rather than regulated prices and official monopolies. This book discusses reforms in the markets for cocoa, coffee, cotton, grains, and sugar and looks at the reasons for success and failure.
Author: John Baffes Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Since the early 1980s, dramatic changes in export commodity markets, shocks associated with resulting price declines, and changing views on the role of the state have ushered in widespread reforms to agricultural commodity markets in Africa. The reforms significantly reduced government participation in the marketing and pricing of commodities. Akiyama, Baffes, Larson, and Varangis examine the background, causes, process, and consequences of these reforms and derive lessons for successful reforms from experiences in markets for four commodities important to Africa -cocoa, coffee, cotton, and sugar. The authors' commodity focus highlights the special features associated with these markets that affect the reform process. They complement the current literature on market reforms in Africa, where grain-market studies are more common. The authors suggest that the types of market interventions prior to reform are more easily classified by crop than by country. Consequently, there are significant commodity-specific differences in the initial conditions and in the outcomes of reforms related to these markets. But there are general lessons as well. The authors find that the key consequences of reform have been significant changes in or emergence of marketing institutions and a significant shift of political and economic power from the public to the private sector. In cases where interventions were greatest and reforms most complete, producers have benefited from receiving a larger share of export prices. Additionally, the authors conclude that the adjustment costs of reform can be reduced in most cases by better understanding the detailed and idiosyncratic relationships between the commodity subsector, private markets, and public services. Finally, while there are significant costs to market-dependent reforms, experiences suggest that they are a necessary step toward a dynamic commodity sector based on private initiative. This is particularly true in countries and sectors where interventions were greatest and market-supporting institutions the weakest.This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the consequences of agricultural policies.
Author: Kherallah, Mylene Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0801871980 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
The long-term reduction of hunger and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the great challenges for the international development community. Eliminating hunger and promoting widespread growth in the region inevitably involves agriculture, given its central role in the regions economies. Over the past 20 years, most African governments have carried out reforms to deregulate agricultural markets and reduce the role of state enterprises. How much has the state actually withdrawn from agricultural markets? Have well-functioning private markets emerged? How successful were these reforms in boosting agricultural production, economic growth, and the incomes of the rural poor? What lessons can we learn from the reform process? The authors of this book address these questions through an analysis based on an extensive review of experiences with reform, focusing on three major agricultural markets: fertilizer, food crops, and export crops. They examine the historical rationales for intervention, the factors contributing to reform, the process of implementation, and the impact of the reforms on farmers and consumers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors find that reforms have had many favorable results, but that the impact has been muted by partial implementation and structural constraints. They propose a new agenda for promoting the development of agricultural markets in Sub-Saharan Africa, identifying areas where governments can play a supportive role. They argue that appropriate agricultural marketing policies and investments can improve livelihoods and the economic health of the region.
Author: Sostine Ngabirano Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
African economies underwent a series of economic reforms in the 1980s which were largely premised on the change in the economic thinking of the time. These reforms were intended to correct the inefficiencies of the central planned economy and bring about an efficient system where prices would be determined by the market forces. The result of this was the liberalization of almost all sectors of the economy. It was generally agreed that agricultural marketing systems should be liberalized to allow the private sector to unleash the power of the market, gain efficiency in the sector, and stimulate higher production volumes and standards. Unfortunately, the market reforms secluded the farmers from the market system and this has come with far reaching impacts. The market system has exposed farmers to unimaginable market risks and has failed to address information asymmetries. Because there is no established system of market regulation and information, small farmers in Africa today live at the mercy of the shrewd market merchants. This paper explores the concept of developing commodity exchange markets in Africa as an avenue to foster human and economic development through the mirror of creative capitalism. The argument of this paper is that meaningful economic development will be achieved through developing well regulated and functioning commodity markets. The paper will further argue that despite the ongoing efforts to fight poverty, sustainable development will not be achieved without approaches geared towards the inclusion of the majority population into the market system. The paper proposes commodity market development as one of the approaches which seek to include the world's “bottom billion” into the market system.
Author: Peter Gibbon Publisher: Temple University Press ISBN: 1592133681 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
Africa's role in the global economy is evolving as a result of new corporate strategies, changing trade regulations, and innovative ways of overseeing the globalized production and distribution of goods both within Africa and internationally. African participants in the global economy, now faced with demands for higher levels of performance and quality, have generated occasional successes but also many failures. Peter Gibbon and Stefano Ponte describe the central processes that are integrating some African firms into the global economy while at the same time marginalizing others. They show the effects of these processes on African countries, and the farms and firms within them. The authors use an innovative combination of global value chain analysis—which links production, trade, and consumption—and convention theory, an approach to understanding the conduct of business. In doing so, Gibbon and Ponte present a timely overview of the economic challenges that lay ahead in Africa, and point to ways to best address them.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821348574 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
This book discusses the prevalent process of commodity market reform in the specific context of cocoa, coffee, cotton, grains and sugar markets, and provides lessons by selectively drawing on cross-country experience in those markets. The commodity markets covered in this book deserve special attention for the following reasons. A? They play an important role in many developing countries. A? These markets illustrate how well special features can influence the reform process and illustrate the importance of taking initial conditions into account when designing reform. A? Experience from commodity markets illustrates how long-standing interventions can crowd out markets and institutions geared toward the support of private markets. A? Close examination of liberalization at the commodity level shows the practical ways that changes in marketing systems can result in a shift in political power away from the government and toward the private sector in the design and implementation of commodity subsector policies. This book focuses on commodity-specific conditions that quickened or slowed the pace of reform and looks at the relationship between changing markets and institutions. It argues that the benefits of market reform and trade liberalization are only fully realized when the supporting factor markets and the institutions work.
Author: M. Ataman Aksoy Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821395440 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
This volume analyzes the political economy of the successes and failures of the agricultural reform programs in Sub Saharan Africa. It shows that in almost all cases reforms lead to a supply response but their sustainability in face of shocks depend on the consensus about the reform and the subsequent rent distribution.
Author: John Baffes
Author: Donald F. Larson
Author: Takamasa Akiyama
Author: John Baffes
Author: John Baffes
Author: Takamasa Akiyama
Author: Kherallah, Mylene
Author: Sostine Ngabirano
Author: Peter Gibbon
Author: 
Author: M. Ataman Aksoy