Author: Aline Rocha Guarini Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Reliabilities of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for functional traits, e.g. health, fertility and reproduction, remain low compared to those for production in dairy cattle. This is likely because large training populations are required for evaluation of lowly heritable traits. Different strategies have been proposed to overcome this limitation, such as the use of genotyped cows, inclusion of external bulls (multi-trait across-country evaluation, MACE), and adoption of different methodologies, such as the simultaneous use of genotyped and non-genotyped animals, known as the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). Thus, the main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate strategies for combining genotypic, phenotypic and pedigree information to analyze functional traits in Holstein cattle and investigate the effects of two deleterious recessive haplotypes (AH1 and AH2) on reproduction performance of Canadian Ayrshire cattle. Data for various functional traits recorded in Canada and MACE estimated breeding values were obtained from the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN, Guelph, Canada). Additionally, information of carriers and non-carriers bulls for AH1 and AH2 were used to investigate their effects on reproductive performance. Genomic predictions were obtained using multi-step and single-step GBLUP under different strategies, such as adding genotyped cows in the evaluation, integrating MACE information, blending traditional and genomic evaluations, and using different proportions of polygenic effect. A genome-wide association study and functional analyses were also performed for three fertility disorders, namely retained placenta, metritis and cystic ovaries. Genomic predictions for functional traits benefited greatly from simultaneous use of phenotypes, pedigree, and genotypes. Integration of MACE data using ssGBLUP yielded the highest reliabilities compared to other methods and also helped reduce bias of genomic predictions. Effects of AH1 and AH2 on reproductive performance of Canadian Ayrshire cattle were validated. A negative effect of AH1 on stillbirth rates was observed, whereas AH2 had a negative impact on 56-day non-return rate. These findings provide valuable information on strategies to more accurately predict GEBV for functional traits in dairy cattle by adopting ssGBLUP and different sources of domestic and foreign information. Biological understanding of reproductive disorders and validated lethal haplotypes affecting fertility will help enhance accuracy of selection and mating plans in the Canadian dairy cattle breeding programs.
Author: Bhanu P. Chowdhary Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland) ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This publication provides an update on the current status of gene maps in different livestock and pet/companion animal species. The findings summarized in species specific commentaries and original articles testify the rapid advances made in the field of animal genomics. Of significant interest is the fact that current investigations are providing headways for two important and exciting research fronts: targeted high-resolution mapping leading to the application of genomic information in addressing questions of economic and biological significance in animals, and the initiation of whole genome sequencing projects for some of the animal species. Like in humans and mice, this will set the stage for a new level of research and real time complex analysis of the genomes of these species. Animal Genomics signifies the beginning of a new era in this field and celebrates the achievements of the past 20 years of genomics research. It will be of special interest to researchers involved in genome analysis - both gross chromosomal as well as molecular - in various animal species, and to comparative and evolutionary geneticists.
Author: D.C. Rao Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080569110 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 788
Book Description
The field of genetics is rapidly evolving and new medical breakthroughs are occuring as a result of advances in knowledge of genetics. This series continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines. Five sections on the latest advances in complex traits Methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Hot topics include discussions on systems biology approach to drug discovery; using comparative genomics for detecting human disease genes; computationally intensive challenges, and more
Author: R. A. Mrode Publisher: Cab International ISBN: 9781845939816 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
The prediction of producing desirable traits in offspring such as increased growth rate or superior meat, milk and wool production is a vital economic tool to the animal scientist. Summarizing the latest developments in genomics relating to animal breeding values and design of breeding programs, this new edition includes models of survival analysis, social interaction and sire and dam models, as well as advancements in the use of SNPs in the computation of genomic breeding values.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251057179 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
A comprehensive description and assessment of the use of marker-assisted selection for increasing the rate of genetic gain in crops, livestock, forestry and fish, including the related policy, FAO's tradition of dealing with issues of importance to agricultural and economic development in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral manner.
Author: Cedric Gondro Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781627034463 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
With the detailed genomic information that is now becoming available, we have a plethora of data that allows researchers to address questions in a variety of areas. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a vital approach to identify candidate regions associated with complex diseases in human medicine, production traits in agriculture, and variation in wild populations. Genomic prediction goes a step further, attempting to predict phenotypic variation in these traits from genomic information. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Prediction pulls together expert contributions to address this important area of study. The volume begins with a section covering the phenotypes of interest as well as design issues for GWAS, then moves on to discuss efficient computational methods to store and handle large datasets, quality control measures, phasing, haplotype inference, and imputation. Later chapters deal with statistical approaches to data analysis where the experimental objective is either to confirm the biology by identifying genomic regions associated to a trait or to use the data to make genomic predictions about a future phenotypic outcome (e.g. predict onset of disease). As part of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters provide helpful, real-world implementation advice.
Author: Aline Rocha Guarini
Author: Burak Karacaören
Author: William Bateson
Author: Bhanu P. Chowdhary
Author: D.C. Rao
Author: R. A. Mrode
Author: HUGO DE. VRIES
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Cedric Gondro
Author: Julius Van der Werf