Coal Conversion Wastewater Treatment by Catalytic Oxidation in Supercritical Water. Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995 - June 30, 1996 PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The overall objective of this research project is to obtain the reaction engineering information required to evaluate the utility of catalytic supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for treating wastes arising from coal conversion processes. Our more specific objectives for this first phase of the project were: 1. to recruit and train a graduate student to work on this project 2. to construct a reactor system for the experimental studies 3. to initiate catalytic SCWO experiments and identify an active catalyst. Each of these three objectives has been met. The literature search revealed that both CuO and Mno2 are effective catalysts for the oxidation of organics (including phenol) in aqueous streams. Recently, these materials have also shown promise in catalytic supercritical water oxidation. Accordingly, our initial experiments have employed CuO and MhO2 catalysts that are commercially available. The catalyst we used in these initial studies, CARLITE 150 from Carus Chemical Company, has been commercially used in treating volatile organic compounds generated in various chemical processes. It contains MnO2 and CuO supported on Al2O3. The commercial catalyst pellets were ground to powders and separated by size before use. We used phenol as the first model pollutant to study because it is ubiquitous in wastewaters and there is a large data base for non- catalytic SCWO with which we can contrast results from catalytic SCWO.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The overall objective of this research project is to obtain the reaction engineering information required to evaluate the utility of catalytic supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for treating wastes arising from coal conversion processes. Our more specific objectives for this first phase of the project were: 1. to recruit and train a graduate student to work on this project 2. to construct a reactor system for the experimental studies 3. to initiate catalytic SCWO experiments and identify an active catalyst. Each of these three objectives has been met. The literature search revealed that both CuO and Mno2 are effective catalysts for the oxidation of organics (including phenol) in aqueous streams. Recently, these materials have also shown promise in catalytic supercritical water oxidation. Accordingly, our initial experiments have employed CuO and MhO2 catalysts that are commercially available. The catalyst we used in these initial studies, CARLITE 150 from Carus Chemical Company, has been commercially used in treating volatile organic compounds generated in various chemical processes. It contains MnO2 and CuO supported on Al2O3. The commercial catalyst pellets were ground to powders and separated by size before use. We used phenol as the first model pollutant to study because it is ubiquitous in wastewaters and there is a large data base for non- catalytic SCWO with which we can contrast results from catalytic SCWO.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
In previous reports, we showed that CARULITE 150 from Carus Chemical Company was so effective with oxidation of phenol in supercritical water (SCW) that the results we obtained were likely influenced by internal mass-transfer resistance. We also reported that oxidation of phenol over MnO2 powder in SCW improved the conversions of both phenol and total organic carbon (TOC) relative to non-catalytic oxidation while the catalytic oxidation kinetics was free from mass-transfer limitation. In this report we continued the investigation of oxidation over the MnO2 powder in SCW.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Exciting opportunities exist for the application of supercritical fluid (SCF) reactions for the pre-treatment of coal. Utilizing reactants which closely resemble the organic sulfur and nitrogen containing components of coal, we propose to develop a method to tailor chemical reactions in supercritical fluid solvents for the specific application of coal desulfurization and denitrogenation. Diels-Alder reactions involving such compounds have been extensively studied and characterized in liquids. However, there is very little understanding of such reactions in SCF's. We are developing an approach which will allow optimum design of coal desulfurization and denitrogenation processes.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
An environmental hazard associated with coal liquefaction and gasification is the generation of aqueous waste streams containing phenolics and carcinogenic organics such as polynuclear aromatics. Oxidation in supercritical water (SCW) is an emerging technology for the ultimate destruction of phenolics and other organics in waste water streams. SCW oxidation involves the oxidation of organics in an aqueous medium at temperatures between 400--650°C and pressures around 250 atm. These conditions exceed the thermodynamic critical point of water, hence the water is said to be supercritical. Wastes can be converted by SCWO to benign products: carbon is converted to CO2, hydrogen to H2O, and nitrogen to N2 or N2O (but not NO(subscript x)). The objective of this project is to oxidize selected phenolics in SCW and then determine the reaction kinetics (rate constants, reaction orders, activation energies) and the reaction pathways. These reaction fundamentals can then be used to evaluate, design, optimize, and control coal-conversion waste water treatment processes based on SCW oxidation. Our work to date has focused on the oxidation of o-cresol in SCW. We have explored the effects of temperature, pressure, and the concentrations of cresol, oxygen and water.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
The goal of this work is to design benign solvent/cosolvent systems for reactions which will achieve optimum desulfurization and/or denitrogenation in the pre-treatment of coal or coal liquids. Supercritical fluids present excellent opportunities for the pretreatment of coal, hence we shall utilize supercritical fluids as a reaction medium. A number of possible Diels-Alder reactive systems involving anthracene (diene) in supercritical solvent were proposed at the outset of research. Scouting experiments designed to select out the optimum reactive system from among the candidate dienophiles and solvents have been completed. The nitrogen bearing compound 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) has demonstrated superior reactivity and sensitivity to cosolvent additions and has been selected as dienophile. A convenient half-life of reaction between PTAD and anthracene is obtained at temperatures in the neighborhood of 50°C. Carbon dioxide has been selected as the solvent because of its convenient critical properties, and also to optimize the safety of the experiments. In the process of completing these scouting experiments, the experimental apparatus that will be used to obtain kinetic data for calculation of partial molar volumes of the reaction transition state has also been optimized.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
An environmental hazard associated with coal liquefaction and gasification is the generation of aqueous waste streams containing phenolics and carcinogenic organics such as polynuclear aromatics. Oxidation in supercritical water (SCW) is an emerging technology for the ultimate destruction of phenolics and other organics in waste water streams. SCW oxidation involves the oxidation of organics in an aqueous medium at temperatures between 400--650 C and pressures around 250 atm. These conditions exceed the thermodynamic critical point of water, hence the water is said to be supercritical. Wastes can be converted by SCWO to benign products: carbon is converted to CO2, hydrogen to H2O, and nitrogen to N2 or N2O (but not NO(subscript x)). The objective of this project is to oxidize selected phenolics in SCW and then determine the reaction kinetics (rate constants, reaction orders, activation energies) and the reaction pathways. These reaction fundamentals can then be used to evaluate, design, optimize, and control coal-conversion waste water treatment processes based on SCWO.
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Author: Makram T. Suidan
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