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Author: Eric Lefebvre Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 157
Book Description
CE TRAVAIL SE SITUE DANS LE CADRE GENERAL DE L'ELIMINATION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE PAR COAGULATION AVEC LE FER FERRIQUE. LA MAJORITE DES TRAVAUX A ETE REALISEE SUIVANT LA SEQUENCE DE TRAITEMENT COAGULATION, FLOCULATION, DECANTATION ET FILTRATION SUR SABLE, A PARTIR D'EAUX RECONSTITUEES AVEC DES SUBSTANCES HUMIQUES EXTRAITES D'EAUX SUPERFICIELLES. LE PH OPTIMAL EST VOISIN DE 4,5. LA DOSE OPTIMALE, QUANT A L'ELIMINATION DU CARBONE ORGANIQUE TOTAL (COT), A PH 5,5 ET A 20C OBEIT A UN RAPPORT MASSIQUE DE 1 MG DE FER PAR MG D'ACIDE FULVIQUE (ENVIRON 2 MG PAR MG COT), INDEPENDEMMENT DE LA NATURE DES SUBSTANCES HUMIQUES A EUX EXCEPTIONS PRES. LES FRACTIONS DE HAUTE MASSE MOLECULAIRE SONT PREFERENTIELLEMENT ELIMINEES. DES TENEURS EN FER RESIDUEL IMPORTANTES SONT DETECTEES DES UN SOUS-DOSAGE DE COAGULANT PAR RAPPORT A LA DOSE OPTIMALE. LA PREOXYDATION (OZONE, BIOXYDE DE CHLORE, CHLORE) A FAIBLES DOSES INDUIT UNE LEGERE DEGRADATION DES RENDEMENTS D'ELIMINATION DES ACIDES FULVIQUES. UN TAUX DE PREOXYDANT IMPORTANT, PRATIQUE AVANT LA COAGULATION, IMPLIQUE DE METTRE EN UVRE UNE DOSE DE COAGULANT PLUS ELEVEE. L'ETUDE CONDUITE SUR DES SOLUTIONS DE QUELQUES COMPOSES ORGANIQUES SIMPLES A PERMIS DE SOULIGNER L'IMPORTANCE DES FONCTIONS ACIDES (COOH, OH-PHENOLIQUES, SO#3#) ET NOTAMMENT DANS LE CAS DES MOLECULES AROMATIQUES, LA NECESSITE DE DEUX FONCTIONS ACIDES EN POSITION ORTHO. DANS LE CAS DES DIACIDES ALIPHATIQUES, L'ELIMINATION EST D'AUTANT MOINS BONNE QUE LA CHAINE CARBONEE EST GRANDE. L'ENSEMBLE DES RESULTATS PERMET D'ENVISAGER QUE L'ELIMINATION PAR LE FER FERRIQUE EST PROBABLEMENT LA RESULTANTE DES REACTIONS ENTRE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE ET LA SURFACE DES PRECIPITES AMORPHES DE FER ET DES REACTIONS DES OXO-HYDROXYDES DE FER SOLUBLES AVEC LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE. DES MANIPULATIONS SUR DES EAUX BRUTES ONT ETE ENTREPRISES. LES CONCLUSIONS CORROBORENT DANS LEUR ENSEMBLE CELLES OBTENUES A PARTIR DES EAUX RECONSTITUEES
Author: Eric Lefebvre Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : fr Pages : 157
Book Description
CE TRAVAIL SE SITUE DANS LE CADRE GENERAL DE L'ELIMINATION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE PAR COAGULATION AVEC LE FER FERRIQUE. LA MAJORITE DES TRAVAUX A ETE REALISEE SUIVANT LA SEQUENCE DE TRAITEMENT COAGULATION, FLOCULATION, DECANTATION ET FILTRATION SUR SABLE, A PARTIR D'EAUX RECONSTITUEES AVEC DES SUBSTANCES HUMIQUES EXTRAITES D'EAUX SUPERFICIELLES. LE PH OPTIMAL EST VOISIN DE 4,5. LA DOSE OPTIMALE, QUANT A L'ELIMINATION DU CARBONE ORGANIQUE TOTAL (COT), A PH 5,5 ET A 20C OBEIT A UN RAPPORT MASSIQUE DE 1 MG DE FER PAR MG D'ACIDE FULVIQUE (ENVIRON 2 MG PAR MG COT), INDEPENDEMMENT DE LA NATURE DES SUBSTANCES HUMIQUES A EUX EXCEPTIONS PRES. LES FRACTIONS DE HAUTE MASSE MOLECULAIRE SONT PREFERENTIELLEMENT ELIMINEES. DES TENEURS EN FER RESIDUEL IMPORTANTES SONT DETECTEES DES UN SOUS-DOSAGE DE COAGULANT PAR RAPPORT A LA DOSE OPTIMALE. LA PREOXYDATION (OZONE, BIOXYDE DE CHLORE, CHLORE) A FAIBLES DOSES INDUIT UNE LEGERE DEGRADATION DES RENDEMENTS D'ELIMINATION DES ACIDES FULVIQUES. UN TAUX DE PREOXYDANT IMPORTANT, PRATIQUE AVANT LA COAGULATION, IMPLIQUE DE METTRE EN UVRE UNE DOSE DE COAGULANT PLUS ELEVEE. L'ETUDE CONDUITE SUR DES SOLUTIONS DE QUELQUES COMPOSES ORGANIQUES SIMPLES A PERMIS DE SOULIGNER L'IMPORTANCE DES FONCTIONS ACIDES (COOH, OH-PHENOLIQUES, SO#3#) ET NOTAMMENT DANS LE CAS DES MOLECULES AROMATIQUES, LA NECESSITE DE DEUX FONCTIONS ACIDES EN POSITION ORTHO. DANS LE CAS DES DIACIDES ALIPHATIQUES, L'ELIMINATION EST D'AUTANT MOINS BONNE QUE LA CHAINE CARBONEE EST GRANDE. L'ENSEMBLE DES RESULTATS PERMET D'ENVISAGER QUE L'ELIMINATION PAR LE FER FERRIQUE EST PROBABLEMENT LA RESULTANTE DES REACTIONS ENTRE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE ET LA SURFACE DES PRECIPITES AMORPHES DE FER ET DES REACTIONS DES OXO-HYDROXYDES DE FER SOLUBLES AVEC LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE. DES MANIPULATIONS SUR DES EAUX BRUTES ONT ETE ENTREPRISES. LES CONCLUSIONS CORROBORENT DANS LEUR ENSEMBLE CELLES OBTENUES A PARTIR DES EAUX RECONSTITUEES
Book Description
CETTE ETUDE A EU POUR BUT D'EVALUER L'EFFICACITE EN MILIEU AQUEUX DE DIFFERENTES COMBINAISONS D'UN REACTIF OXYDANT (OZONE OU PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE) AVEC UN REACTIF COAGULANT (FER FERREUX OU FER FERRIQUE) SUR L'ELIMINATION SIMULTANEE D'UN COMPOSE ORGANIQUE A L'ETAT DE TRACES PAR OXYDATION ET D'UNE MANIERE ORGANIQUE DE TYPE SUBSTANCES HUMIQUES PAR COAGULATION. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS EN MILIEUX AQUEUX TAMPONNES ONT MONTRE QUE LES SYSTEMES OZONE-FER FERREUX ET OZONE-FER FERRIQUE NE PERMETTAIENT PAS DE SATISFAIRE A CE DOUBLE OBJECTIF. LE SYSTEME PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE-FER FERREUX (REACTIF DE FENTON) A PERMIS PAR CONTRE D'OBTENIR UNE BONNE DEGRADATION D'UN MICROPOLLUANT (SIMAZINE) ET UN BON ABATTEMENT DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE (ACIDE FULVIQUE). L'ETUDE PLUS APPROFONDIE DU SYSTEME PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE-FER FERREUX EFFECTUEE DANS L'EAU ULTRA PURE, A PERMIS DE MONTRER QUE LA REACTION GLOBALE OBEIT A UNE STCHIOMETRIE DE 0,5 MOLE DE PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE PAR MOLE DE FER FERREUX EN ABSENCE DE COMPOSES ORGANIQUES. EN PRESENCE DE DIVERS PESTICIDES (SIMAZINE, ATRAZINE, ISOPROTURON, ALDICARBE, LINDANE), LA STCHIOMETRIE PEUT VARIER SELON LA CONCENTRATION INITIALE ET LA NATURE DU COMPOSE ETUDIE DE 0,5 A 1 MOLE DE PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE PAR MOLE DE FER FERREUX. PAR AILLEURS, LES RESULTATS ONT PERMIS DE MONTRER QUE L'EFFICACITE DU COUPLAGE PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE-FER FERREUX VIS-A-VIS DE L'ELIMINATION D'UN MICROPOLLUANT ORGANIQUE DEPEND FORTEMENT DU PH INITIAL. CERTAINS DES SOUS-PRODUITS D'OXYDATION DE LA SIMAZINE ET DU LINDANE SOUS L'ACTION DU SYSTEME (PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE-FER FERREUX) ONT PU ETRE IDENTIFIES. ENFIN LES RESULTATS OBTENUS A PARTIR D'EAUX DE SURFACE (VIENNE, MOULIN PAPON, CEBRON) DOPEES EN SIMAZINE ONT PERMIS DE MONTRER QUE LE PROCEDE (PEROXO-COAGULATION) PEUT CONSTITUER UNE TECHNIQUE INTERESSANTE DE POTABILISATION DES EAUX EN VUE DE L'ELIMINATION NOTABLE DE MICROPOLLUANT ORGANIQUES ET DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE DES EAUX
Author: Symposium international sur le traitement des eaux usées$ (13e :1990 : Montréal) Publisher: ISBN: 9780662579038 Category : Sewage Languages : en Pages : 366
Author: Linda Strande Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404735 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309170435 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Author: Gerald G. Moy Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781493939091 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Unless a food is grossly contaminated, consumers are unable to detect through sight or smell the presence of low levels of toxic chemicals in their foods. Furthermore, the toxic effects of exposure to low levels of chemicals are often manifested slowly, sometimes for decades, as in the case of cancer or organ failure. As a result, safeguarding food from such hazards requires the constant monitoring of the food supply using sophisticated laboratory analysis. While the food industry bears the primary responsibility for assuring the safety of its products, the overall protection of people’s diets from chemical hazards must be considered one of the most important public health functions of any government. Unfortunately, many countries do not have sufficient capability and capacity to monitor the exposure of their populations to many potentially toxic chemicals that could be present in food and drinking water. Without such monitoring, public health authorities in many countries are not able to identify and respond to problems posed by toxic chemicals, which may harm their population and undermine consumer confidence in the safety of the food supply. From a trade perspective, those countries that cannot demonstrate that the food they produce is free of potentially hazardous chemicals will be greatly disadvantaged or even subject to sanctions in the international marketplace. The goal of a total diet study (TDS) is to provide basic information on the levels and trends of exposure to chemicals in foods as consumed by the population. In other words, foods are processed and prepared as typical for a country before they are analyzed in order to better represent actual dietary intakes. Total diet studies have been used to assess the safe use of agricultural chemicals (e.g., pesticides, antibiotics), food additives (e.g., preservatives, sweetening agents), environmental contaminants (e.g., lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, PCBs, dioxins), processing contaminants (e.g., acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chloropropanols), and natural contaminants (e.g., aflatoxin, patulin, other mycotoxins) by determining whether dietary exposure to these chemicals are within acceptable limits. Total diet studies can also be applied to certain nutrients where the goal is to assure intakes are not only below safe upper limits, but also above levels deemed necessary to maintain good health. International and national organizations, such as the World Health Organization, the European Food Safety Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration recognize the TDS approach as one of the most cost-effective means of protecting consumers from chemicals in food, for providing essential information for managing food safety, including food standards, and for setting priorities for further investment and study. Total Diet Studies introduces the TDS concept to a wider audience and presents the various steps in the planning and implementation of a TDS. It illustrates how TDSs are being used to protect public health from chemicals in the food supply in many developed and developing countries. The book also examines some of the applications of TDSs to specific chemicals, including contaminants and nutrients.
Author: David M. Robbins Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 178040476X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed. It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies. It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies. This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process. Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.
Author: Eric Lefebvre
Author: Eric Lefebvre
Author: AKANI.. AGUIAR
Author: 
Author: Symposium international sur le traitement des eaux usées$ (13e :1990 : Montréal)
Author: 
Author: Linda Strande
Author: National Research Council
Author: Gerald G. Moy
Author: David M. Robbins
Author: Elizabeth Tilley