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Author: Susan M. Schoenung Publisher: ISBN: Category : Absorption spectra Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
The initial work in a program at Stanford to develop laser-based combustion diagnostics has focused on tunable laser absorption spectroscopy using an infrared diode laser. An important aspect of this program is the validation of the laser technique under controlled conditions and by comparison with established probe-based methods. This paper reports preliminary results from such experiments, which consisted of CO concentration measurements in a flat premixed flame using a tunable diode laser, and both CO and CO2 measurements in a similar flame using an uncooled, aerodynamically quenched quartz sampling probe. CO was chosen for this study for several reasons: it is an important flame species whose concentration can be predicted under equilibrium conditions which prevail in the post-flame region of fuel-rich flames; its concentration in combustion products can be easily varied from 10 ppm to greater than 10%, a range which is compatible with commercial NDIR instruments; and it has a well-understood infrared absorption spectrum which simplifies analysis of the absorption measurements.
Author: Susan M. Schoenung Publisher: ISBN: Category : Absorption spectra Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
The initial work in a program at Stanford to develop laser-based combustion diagnostics has focused on tunable laser absorption spectroscopy using an infrared diode laser. An important aspect of this program is the validation of the laser technique under controlled conditions and by comparison with established probe-based methods. This paper reports preliminary results from such experiments, which consisted of CO concentration measurements in a flat premixed flame using a tunable diode laser, and both CO and CO2 measurements in a similar flame using an uncooled, aerodynamically quenched quartz sampling probe. CO was chosen for this study for several reasons: it is an important flame species whose concentration can be predicted under equilibrium conditions which prevail in the post-flame region of fuel-rich flames; its concentration in combustion products can be easily varied from 10 ppm to greater than 10%, a range which is compatible with commercial NDIR instruments; and it has a well-understood infrared absorption spectrum which simplifies analysis of the absorption measurements.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A diode-laser sensor system has been applied to measure the concentrations of NO, N2O, CO, and CO2 in combustion gases using absorption spectroscopy and fast extraction-sampling techniques. Measured survey spectra of the NO 3v band (R branch) and H2O lines from the v2 + v3 band in the spectral region from 5556/cm to 5562/cm were recorded and compared to calculated spectra to select optimum transitions for NO detection. Similarly, measured survey spectra of the N2O 3v3 band from 6535/cm to 6600/cm were used to identify optimum transitions for N2O detection. High resolution NO absorption measurements were recorded in a fast-flow multipass cell containing probe-sampled combustion gases to determine NO concentrations in a laminar, premixed CH4/air flame, seeded with NH3. For fuel-rich conditions, the fraction of NH3 converted to NO decreased with increasing equivalence ratio. In additional experiments, CO and CO2 absorption measurements were used to determine species concentrations above a laminar, premixed CH4/air flame. Good agreement was found between measured CO and CO2 concentrations and calculated chemical equilibrium values.
Author: R. K. Hanson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
Applications of tunable infrared diode lasers for combustion gas measurements are described. The diode laser serves as a source of narrow-linewidth infrared radiation whose wavelength can be rapidly modulated to perform fast, high-resolution absorption spectroscopy. Measurements of fully resolved vibration-rotation lines in the fundamental band of CO are used to infer temperature, CO species concentrations and CO collisions halfwidths in the post-flame gases of a flat flame burner. The feasibility of diode laser measurements in fluctuating and particle-laden combustion flows is also demonstrated. (Author).
Author: Sebastian Bürkle Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 3748145144 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Oxy-fuel combustion has the potential to reduce the atmospheric CO2-emissions of fossil fuel power plants by burning gaseous or solid fuels under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The combustion under oxy-fuel operating conditions, however, is accompanied by major changes in the combustion behavior. The underlying chemical and physical processes are complex and highly coupled, which impedes investigations and modeling. Since tactile and most of the optical measurement techniques fail under the sensitive and simultaneously harsh environments of oxy-fuel combustion, an optical in-situ measurement system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed in this work. This system allows to investigate the thermochemical state of combustion gases with respect to the quantitative concentrations of multiple combustion-relevant gases and the gas temperature. In combination with a newly developed and applied measurement strategy, the system even allows for a measurement of the gas residence time distribution. To improve the measurement accuracy, multiple absorption line parameters are experimentally determined. The measurement system is applied to three oxy-fuel combustion systems. First, the thermochemical state of the laminar, non-premixed methane combustion under oxy-fuel atmosphere is studied. The turbulent, premixed combustion of the same fuel under air and two oxy-fuel atmospheres is studied in a 20 kWth swirled combustor. Measurements of the residence time distribution of fluids in the combustion chamber provide insights into mixing and transport properties of the flow. The thermochemical state reveals insights into the reaction progess and flow mixing. Co-firing of three different solid fuels in an assisting gas flame is investigated for a combined thermal power up to 40 kWth. Here, the char burnout of the particles is investigated. The thermochemical state of the combustion of pure torrefied biomass under air and oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere is investigated in a 60 kWth close-to-application facility and compared to equillibrium calculations.
Author: Ronald K. Hanson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319232525 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This text provides an introduction to the science that governs the interaction of light and matter (in the gas phase). It provides readers with the basic knowledge to exploit the light-matter interaction to develop quantitative tools for gas analysis (i.e. optical diagnostics) and understand and interpret the results of spectroscopic measurements. The authors pair the basics of gas‐phase spectroscopy with coverage of key optical diagnostic techniques utilized by practicing engineers and scientists to measure fundamental flow‐field properties. The text is organized to cover three sub‐topics of gas‐phase spectroscopy: (1) spectral line positions, (2) spectral line strengths, and (3) spectral lineshapes by way of absorption, emission, and scattering interactions. The latter part of the book describes optical measurement techniques and equipment. Key subspecialties include laser induced fluorescence, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. It is ideal for students and practitioners across a range of applied sciences including mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and materials engineering.
Author: Susan M. Schoenung
Author: Susan M. Schoenung
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Author: R. K. Hanson
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Author: Reynolds Reed Skaggs
Author: Stephen R. Turns
Author: Sebastian Bürkle
Author: G. Tiné
Author: Ronald K. Hanson
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