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Co-Evolution Between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity

Co-Evolution Between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity PDF Author: Mahmood A. Al-Azzawi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
The DNA sequences are different between the distinct individuals and these variations produce the species genetic diversity. SARS-CoV-2 virus is a zoonotic SARS-like coronavirus that spreads globally, causing the COVID-19 pandemic disease. The immune response genes are the most various and different in the human genome, correlating with infectious diseases. Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, TMPRSS2, HO-1, BCL11A, and CYP2D6 are predicted to either encourage or inhibit the interaction with the viral proteins and subsequently contribute to coronavirus genetic risk factors. The genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by analyzing different genes,Äô polymorphisms such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, HO-1, and BCL11A. A specific genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 was found through different populations in TMPRSS2, ACE2, HO-1, and BCL11A genes. Particularly, ACE2 gene polymorphisms were shown to be correlated with pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions by modifying the angiotensinogen-ACE2 system, which recommends the possible explanations of COVID-19 susceptibility based on genetic diversity. Moreover, the COVID-19 treatment could be complicated by such genetic polymorphisms. In conclusion, a good characterization of functional polymorphisms and the host genetics can assist in identifying the pathophysiology of the disease pathway to stratify the risk evaluation and to personalize the treatment procedures.

Co-Evolution Between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity

Co-Evolution Between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity PDF Author: Mahmood A. Al-Azzawi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
The DNA sequences are different between the distinct individuals and these variations produce the species genetic diversity. SARS-CoV-2 virus is a zoonotic SARS-like coronavirus that spreads globally, causing the COVID-19 pandemic disease. The immune response genes are the most various and different in the human genome, correlating with infectious diseases. Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, TMPRSS2, HO-1, BCL11A, and CYP2D6 are predicted to either encourage or inhibit the interaction with the viral proteins and subsequently contribute to coronavirus genetic risk factors. The genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by analyzing different genes,Äô polymorphisms such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, HO-1, and BCL11A. A specific genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 was found through different populations in TMPRSS2, ACE2, HO-1, and BCL11A genes. Particularly, ACE2 gene polymorphisms were shown to be correlated with pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions by modifying the angiotensinogen-ACE2 system, which recommends the possible explanations of COVID-19 susceptibility based on genetic diversity. Moreover, the COVID-19 treatment could be complicated by such genetic polymorphisms. In conclusion, a good characterization of functional polymorphisms and the host genetics can assist in identifying the pathophysiology of the disease pathway to stratify the risk evaluation and to personalize the treatment procedures.

Genetic Variation

Genetic Variation PDF Author: Rafael Trindade Maia
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 183881096X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298

Book Description
Genetic diversity is one of the measures of biodiversity and has consequences in biological variation. It is crucial to understand the evolutionary and adaptative processes in all living species. This book is an interdisciplinary and integrated work that will contribute to the knowledge of academics from different areas of biological sciences. This collection of scientific papers was chosen and analyzed to offer readers a broad and integrated view of the importance of genetic diversity in the evolution and adaptation of living beings, as well as practical applications of the information needed to analyze this diversity in different organisms. This book was edited by geneticist researchers and provides academics with up-to-date and quality information on the subject.

Flexible Viruses

Flexible Viruses PDF Author: Vladimir Uversky
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470618310
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 532

Book Description
This book provides up-to-date information on experimental and computational characterization of the structural and functional properties of viral proteins, which are widely involved in regulatory and signaling processes. With chapters by leading research groups, it features current information on the structural and functional roles of intrinsic disorders in viral proteomes. It systematically addresses the measles, HIV, influenza, potato virus, forest virus, bovine virus, hepatitis, and rotavirus as well as viral genomics. After analyzing the unique features of each class of viral proteins, future directions for research and disease management are presented.

The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses

The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses PDF Author: Edward C. Holmes
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199211124
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 267

Book Description
While the study of viral evolution has developed rapidly in the last 30 years, little attention has been directed toward linking the mechanisms of viral evolution to the epidemiological outcomes of these processes. This book intends to fill this gap by considering the patterns and processes of viral evolution at all its spatial and temporal scales.

Gene Genealogies, Variation and Evolution: A primer in coalescent theory

Gene Genealogies, Variation and Evolution: A primer in coalescent theory PDF Author: Jotun Hein
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780191546150
Category : Population genetics
Languages : en
Pages : 298

Book Description
Authored by leading experts, this seminal text presents a straightforward and elementary account of coalescent theory, which is a central concept in the study of genetic sequence variation observed in a population. Rich in examples and illustrations it is ideal for a graduate course in statistics, population, molecular and medical genetics, bioscience and medicine, and for students studying the evolution of human population and disease. It is also an invaluable reference for bioscientists and statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry and academia - ;Coalescent theory is a central concept in the study of genetic sequence variation that probabilistically describes the genealogy relating the sampled sequences. In this text, besides fulfilling the glaring need for such a book, the authors present this theory in a straightforward and elementary manner and describe the statistical and computational methods used in modelling and analyzing genetic sequence variation. Rich in examples and illustrations the book covers basic concepts, complications arising from geographical structure and recombination before considering aspects of statistical inference based on these models. The book ends with chapters on Gene Mapping, which combines sequence variation data with phenotypic data (such as disease) to define areas of the genome where genes are responsible for the trait, and Human Evolution, a research area that is experiencing a renaissance due to the enormous amounts of data produced in molecular studies. Authored by leading experts, this seminal text presents a straightforward and elementary account of coalescent theory, which is a central concept in the study of genetic sequence variation observed in a population. It is highly suitable for a graduate course in statistics, population, molecular and medical genetics, bioscience and medicine and students studying the evolution of human population and disease, and will be an invaluable reference for bioscientists and statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry and academia - ;an excellent and timely book that should appeal to a variety of people in genetics and applied mathematics. - Professor Montgomery Slatkin (Berkeley);the authors are outstanding experts in the field, and the book is topical and timely. - Professor David Balding (Imperial College);Hein, Schierup and Wiuf have written the first general book on the coalescent. It is an engaging combination of clear mathematical derivation and real data examples. - Professor Joe Felsenstein (University of Washington)

Infectious Diseases of Humans

Infectious Diseases of Humans PDF Author: Roy M. Anderson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198540403
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 772

Book Description
This book deals with infectious diseases -- viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth -- in terms of the dynamics of their interaction with host populations. The book combines mathematical models with extensive use of epidemiological and other data. This analytic framework is highly useful for the evaluation of public health strategies aimed at controlling or eradicating particular infections. Such a framework is increasingly important in light of the widespread concern for primary health care programs aimed at such diseases as measles, malaria, river blindness, sleeping sickness, and schistosomiasis, and the advent of AIDS/HIV and other emerging viruses. Throughout the book, the mathematics is used as a tool for thinking clearly about fundamental and applied problems having to do with infectious diseases. The book is divided into two parts, one dealing with microparasites (viruses, bacteria and protozoans) and the other with macroparasites (helminths and parasitic arthropods). Each part begins with simple models, developed in a biologically intuitive way, and then goes on to develop more complicated and realistic models as tools for public health planning. The book synthesizes previous work in this rapidly growing field (much of which is scattered between the ecological and the medical literature) with a good deal of new material.

Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction

Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction PDF Author: David A Liberles
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199299188
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 267

Book Description
Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a technique of growing importance in molecular evolutionary biology and comparative genomics. As a powerful tool for testing evolutionary and ecological hypotheses, as well as uncovering the link between sequence and molecular phenotype, there are potential applications in a range of fields.Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction starts with a historical overview of the field, before discussing the potential applications in drug discovery and the pharmaceutical industry. This is followed by a section on computational methodology, which provides a detailed discussion of the available methods for reconstructing ancestral sequences (including their advantages, disadvantages, and potential pitfalls). Purely computational applications of the technique are then covered, including wholeproteome reconstruction. Further chapters provide a detailed discussion on taking computationally reconstructed sequences and synthesizing them in the laboratory. The book concludes with a description of the scientific questions where experimental ancestral sequence reconstruction has been utilized toprovide insights and inform future research.This research level text provides a first synthesis of the theories, methodologies and applications associated with ancestral sequence recognition, while simultaneously addressing many of the hot topics in the field. It will be of interest and use to both graduate students and researchers in the fields of molecular biology, molecular evolution, and evolutionary bioinformatics.

Biological Diversity

Biological Diversity PDF Author: Anne E. Magurran
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199580669
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 364

Book Description
This book provides an up to date review of the methods of measuring and assessing biological diversity, together with their application.

Progress in Population Genetics and Human Evolution

Progress in Population Genetics and Human Evolution PDF Author: Peter Donnelly
Publisher: Springer Verlag
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 328

Book Description
This book is devoted to the collection, interpretation and analysis of population genetic data. Among the topics included here are studies on human evolutionary history, molecular techniques for generating data, statistical and computational techniques for the interpretation of such data, and stochastic models for genealogy and population structure. The chapters reflect the close interaction between experimental molecular biologists and theoreticians. The book will be useful for specialists in the area, as well as mathematicians, statisticians, computer scientists and biologists wanting a brief overview of current problems in the field.

Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus

Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus PDF Author: Sunil K. Lal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364203683X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330

Book Description
SARS was the ?rst new plague of the twenty-?rst century. Within months, it spread worldwide from its “birthplace” in Guangdong Province, China, affecting over 8,000 people in 25 countries and territories across ?ve continents. SARS exposed the vulnerability of our modern globalised world to the spread of a new emerging infection. SARS (or a similar new emerging disease) could neither have spread so rapidly nor had such a great global impact even 50 years ago, and arguably, it was itself a product of our global inter-connectedness. Increasing af?uence and a demand for wild-game as exotic food led to the development of large trade of live animal and game animal markets where many species of wild and domestic animals were co-housed, providing the ideal opportunities for inter-species tra- mission of viruses and other microbes. Once such a virus jumped species and attacked humans, the increased human mobility allowed the virus the opportunity for rapid spread. An infected patient from Guangdong who stayed for one day at a hotel in Hong Kong led to the transmission of the disease to 16 other guests who travelled on to seed outbreaks of the disease in Toronto, Singapore, and Vietnam, as well as within Hong Kong itself. The virus exploited the practices used in modern intensive care of patients with severe respiratory disease and the weakness in infection control practices within our health care systems to cause outbreaks within hospitals, further amplifying the spread of the disease. Health-care itself has become a two-edged sword.