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Author: W. Knauer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
Cluster beams offer a means of depositing high-quality thin films at low substrate temperature for microelectronics fabrication. The advantage of cluster beam depositions is the ability to optimize the energy of the impacting particles, either directly in clustered vapors of nonvolatile materials or indirectly by bombarding the film during deposition with clusters of inert gases. When a cluster beam is ionized and accelerated through several thousand volts, clusters that contain 1000 or more atoms strike the surface with several electron volt energy per atom. The suprathermal energy of the depositing atoms is thought to produce unique thin films (either in quality, or in the ability to be deposited at all). This report describes the general effort on cluster beam formation methods, on cluster ionization by electron bombardment in a gridded ionization cell, on electrostatic mass separation, and on electrostatic acceleration to a predetermined velocity. Detailed results are given on the improvements in performance of ionization cells for clusters beams of nonvolatile and gaseous materials.
Author: W. Knauer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 69
Book Description
Cluster beams offer a means of depositing high-quality thin films at low substrate temperature for microelectronics fabrication. The advantage of cluster beam depositions is the ability to optimize the energy of the impacting particles, either directly in clustered vapors of nonvolatile materials or indirectly by bombarding the film during deposition with clusters of inert gases. When a cluster beam is ionized and accelerated through several thousand volts, clusters that contain 1000 or more atoms strike the surface with several electron volt energy per atom. The suprathermal energy of the depositing atoms is thought to produce unique thin films (either in quality, or in the ability to be deposited at all). This report describes the general effort on cluster beam formation methods, on cluster ionization by electron bombardment in a gridded ionization cell, on electrostatic mass separation, and on electrostatic acceleration to a predetermined velocity. Detailed results are given on the improvements in performance of ionization cells for clusters beams of nonvolatile and gaseous materials.
Author: Sven Heiles Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940077866X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
A broad range of state-of-the-art methods to determine properties of clusters are presented. The experimental setup and underlying physical concepts of these experiments are described. Furthermore, existing theoretical models to explain the experimental observations are introduced and the possibility to deduce structural information from measurements of dielectric properties is discussed. Additional case studies are presented in the book to emphasize the possibilities but also drawbacks of the methods.
Author: Isao Yamada Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498711766 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Materials Processing by Cluster Ion Beams: History, Technology, and Applications discusses the contemporary physics, materials science, surface engineering issues, and nanotechnology capabilities of cluster beam processing. Written by the originator of the gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) concept, this book:Offers an overview of ion beam technologies, f
Author: Hans Pauly Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540676737 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 414
Book Description
This book completes the physical foundations and experimental techniques described in volume 1 with an updated review of the accessory equipment indispensable in molecular beam experiments. It extends the subject to cluster beams and beams of hyperthermal and subthermal energies. As in volume 1, a special effort is made to outline the physical foundations of the various experimental techniques. Hence this book is intended not only as a reference standard for researchers in the field, but also to bring the flavor of current molecular beam research to advanced undergraduates and graduate students and to enable them to gain a solid background in the field and its technique.
Author: Paolo Milani Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0081025165 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
Cluster Beam Deposition of Functional Nanomaterials and Devices, Volume 15, provides up-to-date information on the CBD of novel nanomaterials and devices. The book offers an overview of gas phase synthesis in a range of nanoparticles, along with discussions on the development of several devices and applications. Applications include, but are not limited to catalysis, smart nanocomposites, nanoprobes, electronic devices, gas sensors and biosensors. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about this sustainable, innovative manufacturing technology. - Explores the use of CBD for the fabrication of functionalized nanomaterials and devices - Shows how CBD is used for both sensing and biomedical applications - Discusses how this emerging technology is being commercialized for use on a large-scale
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
This report outlines the goals, approach, and accomplishments for the Stony Brook Cluster Beam program. We have developed the Cluster Beam method for examining the primary chemistry that occurs in high temperature attack on metal or semi-metal surfaces. The method has been applied to boron, aluminum, and carbon combustion chemistry, and we have been able to identify reactions and products, derive thermochemical information, and convert the data to reaction probabilities that can be fed into combustion models. The report also describes construction and initial operation of a new experiment designed to study the energetics and mechanism of strain energy release in strained hydrocarbon fuel molecules.
Author: Paolo Milani Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642598994 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
This book supplies a systematic description of the preparation, characterization, and manipulation of cluster beams for the synthesis of nanocrystalline materials. It addresses all issues relevant to the realization of nanophase structures, providing an excellent introduction for scientists working in different fields. Particular emphasis is placed on using the technique for nanostructured materials and on explaining the role of cluster beams within the context of other experimental techniques in surface-science.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This final report and the three journal articles following it support the complementary scientific goals of both AFOSR and DOE: stable catalysts for monopropellant decomposition, and the effects of cluster size and support defects on catalytic activity and selectivity, respectively. With the agreement of AFOSR, the original DOE effort was refocused on cluster deposition as a means to prepare and study model catalysts composed of size-selected clusters on oxide supports. The objectives were to probe the effects of cluster size, substrate structure, and deposition conditions on catalytic activity. The focus was on catalysts for monopropellant decomposition in spacecraft thrusters. During the first half of the grant period instrument upgrades were conducted to support the catalysis experiments. These uprades included improvements in the cluster deposition beamline, addition of low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), addition of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and the redesign of sample holders and TPD station. The first experiment focused on the use of ISS to characterize size-selected deposited clusters by studying Ni(n)/TiO2 samples. The effects of deposition energy and support preparation conditions on the oxidation side of the clusters were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ISS was used to characterize the dispersion of Ni on the support and provide insight into binding morphology. The second study used iridium as the catalyst of choice for monopropellant decomposition with rutile TiO2 as the initial substrate. Experiments also were conducted on XPS, ISS, C(superscript 16)O and C(superscript 18)O adsorption and desorption behavior to characterize deposited iridium clusters, the adsorption of adventitious CO on Ir(n)/TiO2 samples, and CO TPD from Ir2 and Ir10 following different CO exposure sequences. (10 figures, 36 refs.).
Author: Joel Davenas Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400943741 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 649
Book Description
During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in clusters and small particles because of the peculiar proper ties induced by their large area to volume ratio. For that reason small particles are often considered as an intermediate state of matter at the border between atomic (or molecular) chemistry, and physics of the condensed matter. The importance of the surface effect can explain the anomalous properties, for example the exis tence of the five fold symmetry observed in different circumstan ces '(beams of rare gas clusters, gold particles deposited on a substrate). However the question of the critical size at which the transition to bulk properties occurs cannot be simply answered, since the reply depends on the peculiar property which is studied. The importance of the size effect was emphasized in the last International Meetings. However the situation remains confused in most cases since the exact role of the cluster environment cannot be clearly elucidated and is a main difficulty, except in cluster beam experiments. In fact ideally free clusters constitute a labo ratory exception. In most applications small particles must be supported on a surface or embedded in a matrix, in order to be stabilized, which obviously shows the role of the environment.
Author: Hans Pauly Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662042134 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
A consistent, up-to-date description of the extremely manifold and varied experimental techniques which nowadays enable work with neutral particles. Th book lays the physical foundations of the various experimental techniques, which utilize methods from most fields in physics.
Author: W. Knauer
Author: W. Knauer
Author: Sven Heiles
Author: Isao Yamada
Author: Hans Pauly
Author: Paolo Milani
Author: 
Author: Paolo Milani
Author: 
Author: Joel Davenas
Author: Hans Pauly