Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (Ceres) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. Volume 3; Cloud Analyses and Determination of Improved Top of Atmosphere Fluxes (Subsystem 4) PDF Download
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781723540127 Category : Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
The theoretical bases for the Release 1 algorithms that will be used to process satellite data for investigation of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) are described. The architecture for software implementation of the methodologies is outlined. Volume 3 details the advanced CERES methods for performing scene identification and inverting each CERES scanner radiance to a top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) flux. CERES determines cloud fraction, height, phase, effective particle size, layering, and thickness from high-resolution, multispectral imager data. CERES derives cloud properties for each pixel of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) visible and infrared scanner and the Earth Observing System (EOS) moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer. Cloud properties for each imager pixel are convolved with the CERES footprint point spread function to produce average cloud properties for each CERES scanner radiance. The mean cloud properties are used to determine an angular distribution model (ADM) to convert each CERES radiance to a TOA flux. The TOA fluxes are used in simple parameterization to derive surface radiative fluxes. This state-of-the-art cloud-radiation product will be used to substantially improve our understanding of the complex relationship between clouds and the radiation budget of the Earth-atmosphere system. Unspecified Center NASA-RP-1376-Vol-3, L-17522-Vol-3, NAS 1.61:1376-Vol-3 RTOP 148-65-41-01...
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781723540127 Category : Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
The theoretical bases for the Release 1 algorithms that will be used to process satellite data for investigation of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) are described. The architecture for software implementation of the methodologies is outlined. Volume 3 details the advanced CERES methods for performing scene identification and inverting each CERES scanner radiance to a top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) flux. CERES determines cloud fraction, height, phase, effective particle size, layering, and thickness from high-resolution, multispectral imager data. CERES derives cloud properties for each pixel of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) visible and infrared scanner and the Earth Observing System (EOS) moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer. Cloud properties for each imager pixel are convolved with the CERES footprint point spread function to produce average cloud properties for each CERES scanner radiance. The mean cloud properties are used to determine an angular distribution model (ADM) to convert each CERES radiance to a TOA flux. The TOA fluxes are used in simple parameterization to derive surface radiative fluxes. This state-of-the-art cloud-radiation product will be used to substantially improve our understanding of the complex relationship between clouds and the radiation budget of the Earth-atmosphere system. Unspecified Center NASA-RP-1376-Vol-3, L-17522-Vol-3, NAS 1.61:1376-Vol-3 RTOP 148-65-41-01...
Author: Teruyuki Nakajima Publisher: American Institute of Physics ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 810
Book Description
All papers have been peer-reviewed. The International Radiation Symposium (IRS) is organized every four years by the International Radiation Commission (IRC) and this book presents a compilation on the current problems in atmospheric radiation, from theory and modeling to measurements and applications on weather and climate, from spectroscopy to satellite remote sensing of the many land-ocean-atmosphere components.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781722967635 Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
The theoretical bases for the Release 1 algorithms that will be used to process satellite data for investigation of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) are described. The architecture for software implementation of the methodologies is outlined. Volume 1 provides both summarized and detailed overviews of the CERES Release 1 data analysis system. CERES will produce global top-of-the-atmosphere shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere, at the surface, and within the atmosphere by using the combination of a large variety of measurements and models. The CERES processing system includes radiance observations from CERES scanning radiometers, cloud properties derived from coincident satellite imaging radiometers, temperature and humidity fields from meteorological analysis models, and high-temporal-resolution geostationary satellite radiances to account for unobserved times. CERES will provide a continuation of the ERBE record and the lowest error climatology of consistent cloud properties and radiation fields. CERES will also substantially improve our knowledge of the Earth's surface radiation budget. Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator) and Barkstrom, Bruce R. (Principal Investigator) and Baum, Bryan A. and Cess, Robert D. and Charlock, Thomas P. and Coakley, James A. and Green, Richard N. and Lee, Robert B., III and Minnis, Patrick and Smith, G. Louis Langley Research Center EARTH RADIATION BUDGET; CLOUD PHYSICS; IMAGING TECHNIQUES; REMOTE SENSING; CLIMATOLOGY; APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS); EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE...
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781722967697 Category : Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
The theoretical bases for the Release 1 algorithms that will be used to process satellite data for investigation of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) are described. The architecture for software implementation of the methodologies is outlined. Volume 2 details the techniques used to geolocate and calibrate the CERES scanning radiometer measurements of shortwave and longwave radiance to invert the radiances to top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface fluxes following the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) approach, and to average the fluxes over various time and spatial scales to produce an ERBE-like product. Spacecraft ephemeris and sensor telemetry are used with calibration coefficients to produce a chronologically ordered data product called bidirectional scan (BDS) radiances. A spatially organized instrument Earth scan product is developed for the cloud-processing subsystem. The ERBE-like inversion subsystem converts BDS radiances to unfiltered instantaneous TOA and surface fluxes. The TOA fluxes are determined by using established ERBE techniques. Hourly TOA fluxes are computed from the instantaneous values by using ERBE methods. Hourly surface fluxes are estimated from TOA fluxes by using simple parameterizations based on recent research. The averaging process produces daily, monthly-hourly, and monthly means of TOA and surface fluxes at various scales. This product provides a continuation of the ERBE record. Wielicki, B. A. (Principal Investigator) and Barkstrom, B. R. (Principal Investigator) and Charlock, T. P. and Baum, B. A. and Green, R. N. and Minnis, P. and Smith, G. L. and Coakley, J. A. and Randall, D. R. and Lee, R. B., III Langley Research Center EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS); SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTS; ALGORITHMS; RADIATION MEASUREMENT; EARTH RADIATION BUDGET; BOLOMETERS; SCANNERS; DATA PROCESSING; CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY); EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; CALIBRATING; RADIOMETERS; RADIANT FLUX DENSITY; APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMP...
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069823 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Author: Michael D. King
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Author: Teruyuki Nakajima
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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Author: National Research Council