Classification Trees and PM10 Dynamics in Bogotá, Colombia PDF Download

Author: Santiago Arango Piñeros
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
In 1984, Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone published the book Classification and Regression Trees which they developed the theory of a new nonparametric tool for data analysis. The proof of the methods value is that it remains in force today as one of the main techniques in statistical learning. Classification and Regression Trees have been used in various settings, from medicine to air quality. This thesis applies the classification techniques introduced by Brieman et al. for the analysis particulate matter dynamics in Bogotá city. In section 2, we start by giving a general introduction to the classification methodology with an algorithmic taste, designed to understand the applications rather than the underlying mathematical theory. In section 3 we give a detailed description of the databases used and the properties of the studied variables. In section 4 we describe the methodology followed and the preliminary results that were obtained in the experimentation phase. We hope that this section will be useful to understand the choosing of predictive variables and the selected format of the data. In section 5 we present the specific results of each studied station and afterwards we in section 6 infer more general conclusions at the city level. Finally, in section 7 we discuss a nice application of the results obtained and in section 8 we propose future lines of work on these topics.

Author: Nicolás Mejía Martínez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The air quality in Bogotá, Colombia, especially its PM10 level, has become of increasing concern to local authorities, because of its relation to health risks. A forecast system for PM10 levels is beneficial for the preventive policies of environmental agents. The present paper proposes different forecasting models of particulate matter with three data mining techniques. A set of data from 10 stations including PM10 and environmental values was constructed. Following the analysis of the data, three selection methods for the input variables were implemented: select variables with the assistance of an expert group, and using two automatic selection methods. Having three set of potential variables to use as input, three different forecasting methods were implemented: logistic regression, classification trees and random forest. Finally, the validity of the prediction and a comparative of results is made,to conclude about the best forecast model implemented for Bogotá.

Author: Michel Hermelin Arbaux
Publisher: Universidad EAFIT
ISBN: 9587201140
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 381

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In recent times what has become known as "the case of Medellín " has generated a growing interest in the international community. These urban transformation that Medellín has experimented have become a focus of attention and reference for experts in many fields, around the world. The book ́Medellin: Environment, Urbanism and Society ́, that now published the Center for Urban and Environmental Studies, Urbam, of EAFIT University is a testimony of the value given by our culture to the accomplishments of the city, to the idea of the public sphere and the growing relationship between the technical sphere and the political sphere, understood in the broad sense as a form of disciplinary knowledge and construction of civil society. This book brings together a knowledge of the city from multiple perspectives; knowledge that is, without any doubt, impressive for its extension and profoundity, as well as for its capacity to combine objective data with conceptual reflections about the scope and impact of the different perspectives concerning the theme of urban transformation and the different actors that have participated in such processes. The book weaves a broad net over the city, its history and development, adopting a multidisciplinary vision. I think that this will be the first step in creating a speech that might finally liberate itself from the strict disciplinary boundaries, building a trans-disciplinary perspective that can amplify the urban dimension of the city. This is the beginning of a profound and complex reflection that is, at the same time, a project of knowledge and an instrument of action and participation.

Author: Daniel Pulido
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 146481273X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 845

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Book Description
Cities across the globe are looking to develop affordable, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible transportation solutions that can meet the accessibility needs of expanding metropolitan populations and support future economic and urban development. When appropriately planned and properly implemented as part of a larger public transportation network, urban rail systems can provide rapid mobility and vital access to city centers from surrounding districts. High-performing urban rail services, when carefully approached as development projects, can help enhance quality of life by giving citizens access to employment opportunities, essential services, urban amenities, and neighboring communities. The purpose of this Handbook is to synthesize and disseminate knowledge to inform the planning, implementation, and operations of urban rail projects with a view towards: -- Emphasizing the need for early studies and project planning; -- Making projects more sustainable (economically, socially, and environmentally); -- Improving socioeconomic returns and access to opportunities for users; -- Maximizing the value of private participation, where appropriate; and -- Building capacity within project implementing and managing institutions This Handbook provides experiential advice to tackle the technical, institutional, and financial challenges faced by decision makers considering urban rail projects. It brings together the expertise of World Bank staff and the input of numerous specialists to synthesize international 'good practices' and recommendations that are independent of commercial, financial political, or other interests. The material presented is intended as an honest-broker guide to maximize the impact and manage the challenges of urban rail systems in cities in both developed and developing countries. Rather than identify a single approach, this Handbook acknowledges the complexities and context necessary when approaching an urban rail development by helping to prepare decision makers to ask the right questions, consider the key issues, perform the necessary studies, apply adequate tools, and learn from international good practice all at the right time in the project development process.

Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118762355
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1204

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Book Description
A multi-disciplinary approach to transportation planning fundamentals The Transportation Planning Handbook is a comprehensive, practice-oriented reference that presents the fundamental concepts of transportation planning alongside proven techniques. This new fourth edition is more strongly focused on serving the needs of all users, the role of safety in the planning process, and transportation planning in the context of societal concerns, including the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. The content structure has been redesigned with a new format that promotes a more functionally driven multimodal approach to planning, design, and implementation, including guidance toward the latest tools and technology. The material has been updated to reflect the latest changes to major transportation resources such as the HCM, MUTCD, HSM, and more, including the most current ADA accessibility regulations. Transportation planning has historically followed the rational planning model of defining objectives, identifying problems, generating and evaluating alternatives, and developing plans. Planners are increasingly expected to adopt a more multi-disciplinary approach, especially in light of the rising importance of sustainability and environmental concerns. This book presents the fundamentals of transportation planning in a multidisciplinary context, giving readers a practical reference for day-to-day answers. Serve the needs of all users Incorporate safety into the planning process Examine the latest transportation planning software packages Get up to date on the latest standards, recommendations, and codes Developed by The Institute of Transportation Engineers, this book is the culmination of over seventy years of transportation planning solutions, fully updated to reflect the needs of a changing society. For a comprehensive guide with practical answers, The Transportation Planning Handbook is an essential reference.

Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821398083
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
Global Monitoring Report (GMR) 2013 provides an annual assessment of progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and addresses this year's theme of rural-urban dynamics and the MDGs.

Author: Ernesto Sánchez-Triana
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464802351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 207

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Book Description
The harm to Pakistanis’ health, economy, and environment from urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s air quality management challenges and presents concrete steps to achieve improvements.

Author: Wael Al-Delaimy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030311252
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417

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Book Description
This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

Author: Hiroaki Suzuki
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821397508
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 233

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Book Description
'Transforming Cities with Transit' explores the complex process of transit and land-use integration and provides policy recommendations and implementation strategies for effective integration in rapidly growing cities in developing countries.

Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821395521
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Book Description
Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development makes the case that greening growth is necessary, efficient, and affordable. Yet spurring growth without ensuring equity will thwart efforts to reduce poverty and improve access to health, education, and infrastructure services.