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Author: Masuda Sharifi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Meiosis is an important process for species survival and genetic diversity that promotes reproductive resilience. The process begins with diploid cells that undergo DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division (meiosis I and meiosis II) to produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg). Inaccuracy in chromosome segregation results in aneuploidy, which is the cause of many developmental defects in humans. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is an excellent vertebrate model organism to study key meiotic dynamics because the temporal and spatial transition of meiotic events all occur within the telomere bouquet hub-the site of homolog recognition, pairing and synapsis initiation. While it is known that the early stages of male and female meiotic prophase I are indistinguishable and characterized by polarized double stranded breaks (DSBs) formation, the relationship between sex-specific chromosome structural components and meiotic program modulation has not been extensively explored. Here I show that Rad21l1, a meiotic specific cohesin, does not function in the same pathway as Spo11, a protein required for DSBs formation to modulate the female meiotic program. Furthermore, I show that homologous chromosomes share a nonrandom distribution of cohesin, indicating that homologs can identify one another through complementary chromosome features at the protein level. These findings provide further insight into chromosome features and architecture promoting meiotic pairing and recombination.
Author: Masuda Sharifi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Meiosis is an important process for species survival and genetic diversity that promotes reproductive resilience. The process begins with diploid cells that undergo DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division (meiosis I and meiosis II) to produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg). Inaccuracy in chromosome segregation results in aneuploidy, which is the cause of many developmental defects in humans. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is an excellent vertebrate model organism to study key meiotic dynamics because the temporal and spatial transition of meiotic events all occur within the telomere bouquet hub-the site of homolog recognition, pairing and synapsis initiation. While it is known that the early stages of male and female meiotic prophase I are indistinguishable and characterized by polarized double stranded breaks (DSBs) formation, the relationship between sex-specific chromosome structural components and meiotic program modulation has not been extensively explored. Here I show that Rad21l1, a meiotic specific cohesin, does not function in the same pathway as Spo11, a protein required for DSBs formation to modulate the female meiotic program. Furthermore, I show that homologous chromosomes share a nonrandom distribution of cohesin, indicating that homologs can identify one another through complementary chromosome features at the protein level. These findings provide further insight into chromosome features and architecture promoting meiotic pairing and recombination.
Author: Ricardo Benavente Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832546021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that allows the generation of haploid gametes and is a key process for sexual reproduction of animals, plants and fungi. Haploidization requires that meiotic cells undergo a series of unique processes; namely, pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. This involves profound meiosis-specific changes in the protein composition and architecture of homologous chromosomes as well as of the condensation and folding of chromatin that require a critical timing and regulation. Despite this enormous complexity, different organisms may achieve haploidization through common molecular mechanisms. A major goal of this article collection is to provide an overview of how meiotic chromosomes and their components are critically involved in the mechanisms of haploidization and how dynamic protein complexes yield important structural intermediates and temporal regulation to this process. We welcome submissions of original articles, mini-reviews and review articles dealing with the composition, architecture, function and regulation of meiotic chromosomes of animals, plants and fungi using microscopic, biochemical, molecular, genetic and/or ‘omic’ techniques.
Author: Christian Nelson Publisher: ISBN: 9781339957340 Category : Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
Accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis and mitosis is essential for avoiding aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. In meiosis, proper chromosome segregation relies upon the events of meiotic prophase: pairing, synapsis, and recombination between homologous chromosomes. After meiotic recombination, chromosome architecture must be remodeled to form bivalents, the structures that promote proper homolog portioning at meiosis I. How recombination is coupled to chromosome remodeling remains unclear. Here, we show that the conserved ZHP-3 protein, required for crossover formation, has ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro, indicating it may serve to coordinate meiotic recombination with changes in chromosome architecture. Furthermore, we identify ZHP-3 as a substrate of both the MPK-1 (MAP) and CHK-1 kinases in vitro. MAP kinase integrates developmental processes with meiotic chromosome dynamics---it may phosphorylate ZHP-3 to coordinate and regulate these events. Finally, in mitosis, the spindle checkpoint regulates the fidelity of mitotic segregation by delaying the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. Here, we identify PCH-2 Trip13 as a novel component of the spindle checkpoint in C. elegans. We show that through the CMT-1p31comet protein, PCH-2Trip13 regulates the amount of Mad2 that localizes to mitotic chromosomes, suggesting that PCH-2Trip13 may regulate the strength or robustness of the spindle checkpoint response. Furthermore, we show that the requirement for PCH-2Trip13 in MAD-2 recruitment to kinetochores is conserved in human epithelial RPE1 cells. Together, these data help to elucidate the mechanisms by which multiple cell types ensure proper chromosome segregation in both.
Author: Oldenburg Oldenburg Press Publisher: ISBN: 9781523764426 Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
HiC-Pro is an optimized and flexible pipeline for processing Hi-C data from raw reads to normalized contact maps. HiC-Pro maps reads, detects valid ligation products, performs quality controls and generates intra- and inter-chromosomal contact maps. It includes a fast implementation of the iterative correction method and is based on a memory-efficient data format for Hi-C contact maps. In addition, HiC-Pro can use phased genotype data to build allele-specific contact maps. We applied HiC-Pro to different Hi-C datasets, demonstrating its ability to easily process large data in a reasonable time. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/nservant/HiC-Pro.
Author: John Maynard Smith Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019850294X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
During evolution there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies. This is the first book to discuss all these major transitions and their implications for our understanding of evolution.Clearly written and illustrated with many original diagrams, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics.
Author: Steven X. Hou Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781617378805 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In this comprehensive and cutting-edge book, leading experts explore the parameters that define germline stem cells and the mechanisms that regulate the cell behavior in order to better isolate, characterize and maintain them. The volume begins by providing protocols for germline stem cell identification and regulation in model organisms, and concludes with detailed chapters covering current techniques involving in vitro culture and the applications of the cells.
Author: Wojtek Pawlowski Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781627033329 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Meiosis is one of the most critical processes in eukaryotes, required for continuation of species and generation of new variation. In plants, meiotic recombination is by far the most important source of genetic variation. In Plant Meiosis: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail methods for molecular cytogenetics and chromosome analysis in plants. These state-of -the-art protocols allow studying the organization and behavior of the genetic material in a wide range of both model and crop species. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTMseries format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Meiosis: Methods and Protocols provides and extensive list of protocols developed and used in a number of laboratories at the cutting edge of meiosis and chromosome research.
Author: Nils Stein Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319925288 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in barley genome analysis, covering all aspects of sequencing the genome and translating this important information into new knowledge in basic and applied crop plant biology and new tools for research and crop improvement. Unlimited access to a high-quality reference sequence is removing one of the major constraints in basic and applied research. This book summarizes the advanced knowledge of the composition of the barley genome, its genes and the much larger non-coding part of the genome, and how this information facilitates studying the specific characteristics of barley. One of the oldest domesticated crops, barley is the small grain cereal species that is best adapted to the highest altitudes and latitudes, and it exhibits the greatest tolerance to most abiotic stresses. With comprehensive access to the genome sequence, barley’s importance as a genetic model in comparative studies on crop species like wheat, rye, oats and even rice is likely to increase.
Author: Hank Bass Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387708693 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes; plant chromosome structure; functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. We hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. Hank W. Bass is a Professor in the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University. James A. Birchler is a Professor in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri.
Author: Lawrence Irwin Gilbert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
Comprehensive reference text on molecular insect science. Includes coverage of developments, achievements and new technologies in modern insect science.
Author: Masuda Sharifi
Author: Masuda Sharifi
Author: Ricardo Benavente
Author: Christian Nelson
Author: Oldenburg Oldenburg Press
Author: John Maynard Smith
Author: Steven X. Hou
Author: Wojtek Pawlowski
Author: Nils Stein
Author: Hank Bass
Author: Lawrence Irwin Gilbert