Author: Christine Townend
Publisher: Momentum
ISBN: 1743340370
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
The extraordinary story of Christine Townend and an Indian animal shelter Christine Townend is an extraordinary person, who has dedicated her life to helping the most vulnerable creatures in our society – the animals that we rely on for food, labour or just companionship. In the 1970s she founded Animal Liberation in an attempt to prevent cruel farming practices. It made her a highly controversial figure yet Christine never turned away from her mission to lessen animal suffering. While Animal Liberation did enormous good, Christine's real lifework was still ahead of her. A visit to India in 1990 offered her the opportunity to take over a decrepit animal shelter just outside the city of Jaipur, called Help in Suffering. When she first arrived it contained little more than a few stray dogs and the odd goat. Yet from that small beginning Christine has had an immense impact across the length and breadth of the country, transforming the lives of thousands of animals and the people who rely on them for their livelihood. During this remarkable journey she has had to constantly balance her determination to make a difference with her loyalty to her husband and two sons. Christine's Ark is an inspiring and poignant story of India, its animals and its people, and of one woman's unwavering struggle to change the world for the better.
Christine's Ark
Author: Christine Townend
Publisher: Momentum
ISBN: 1743340370
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
The extraordinary story of Christine Townend and an Indian animal shelter Christine Townend is an extraordinary person, who has dedicated her life to helping the most vulnerable creatures in our society – the animals that we rely on for food, labour or just companionship. In the 1970s she founded Animal Liberation in an attempt to prevent cruel farming practices. It made her a highly controversial figure yet Christine never turned away from her mission to lessen animal suffering. While Animal Liberation did enormous good, Christine's real lifework was still ahead of her. A visit to India in 1990 offered her the opportunity to take over a decrepit animal shelter just outside the city of Jaipur, called Help in Suffering. When she first arrived it contained little more than a few stray dogs and the odd goat. Yet from that small beginning Christine has had an immense impact across the length and breadth of the country, transforming the lives of thousands of animals and the people who rely on them for their livelihood. During this remarkable journey she has had to constantly balance her determination to make a difference with her loyalty to her husband and two sons. Christine's Ark is an inspiring and poignant story of India, its animals and its people, and of one woman's unwavering struggle to change the world for the better.
Publisher: Momentum
ISBN: 1743340370
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
The extraordinary story of Christine Townend and an Indian animal shelter Christine Townend is an extraordinary person, who has dedicated her life to helping the most vulnerable creatures in our society – the animals that we rely on for food, labour or just companionship. In the 1970s she founded Animal Liberation in an attempt to prevent cruel farming practices. It made her a highly controversial figure yet Christine never turned away from her mission to lessen animal suffering. While Animal Liberation did enormous good, Christine's real lifework was still ahead of her. A visit to India in 1990 offered her the opportunity to take over a decrepit animal shelter just outside the city of Jaipur, called Help in Suffering. When she first arrived it contained little more than a few stray dogs and the odd goat. Yet from that small beginning Christine has had an immense impact across the length and breadth of the country, transforming the lives of thousands of animals and the people who rely on them for their livelihood. During this remarkable journey she has had to constantly balance her determination to make a difference with her loyalty to her husband and two sons. Christine's Ark is an inspiring and poignant story of India, its animals and its people, and of one woman's unwavering struggle to change the world for the better.
A Transnational History of the Australian Animal Movement, 1970-2015
Author: Gonzalo Villanueva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331962587X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Book Description
This book offers the first transnational historical study of the creation, contention and consequences of the Australian animal movement. Largely inspired by Peter Singer and his 1975 book Animal Liberation, a new wave of animal activism emerged in Australia and across the world. In an effort to draw public and media attention to the plight of animals, such as the rearing of pigs and poultry in factory farms and the export of live animals to the Middle East and South East Asia, Australian activists were often innovative and provocative in how they made their claims. Through lobbying, disruptive methods, and vegan activism, the animal movement consistently contested the politics and culture of how animals were used and exploited. Australians not only observed and learnt from people and events overseas, but also played significant international roles. This book examines the complex and conflicting consequences of the animal movement for Australian politics, as well as its influence on broader social change.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331962587X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Book Description
This book offers the first transnational historical study of the creation, contention and consequences of the Australian animal movement. Largely inspired by Peter Singer and his 1975 book Animal Liberation, a new wave of animal activism emerged in Australia and across the world. In an effort to draw public and media attention to the plight of animals, such as the rearing of pigs and poultry in factory farms and the export of live animals to the Middle East and South East Asia, Australian activists were often innovative and provocative in how they made their claims. Through lobbying, disruptive methods, and vegan activism, the animal movement consistently contested the politics and culture of how animals were used and exploited. Australians not only observed and learnt from people and events overseas, but also played significant international roles. This book examines the complex and conflicting consequences of the animal movement for Australian politics, as well as its influence on broader social change.
The Oxford Group and the Emergence of Animal Rights
Author: Robert Garner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197508502
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
Animal rights is now a concept that has achieved wide name-recognition. Vegetarianism, and even veganism, is now commonplace, representing a massive transformation in public attitudes. Fifty years ago, the concept of animal rights was almost unheard of and the animal protection movement lay dormant. Even vegetarians were regarded as, at best, cranks and, at worst, dangerous critics of the social order. Yet the late 1960s and early 1970s were a formative time for the contemporary animal rights movement. One of the most important and influential intellectual moments for animal rights occurred at this time at Oxford University among like-minded scholars who would become known as the Oxford Group. The Oxford Group and the Emergence of Animal Rights is about this little known group--a loose friendship group of primarily postgraduate philosophy students who attended the University of Oxford for a short period of time in the late 1960s. The book traces the early development of the Oxford Group and its influence on animal rights theory and activism. It also serves as a case study of how the emergence of important work and the development of new ideas can be explained, as well as how the intellectual development of participants in a friendship group is influenced by their participation in a creative community. For example, would Peter Singer have written his landmark book Animal Liberation--or anything about animal ethics--without being exposed to the other members of the Oxford Group? How would the discipline of animal ethics differ if the group had not produced their edited collection of articles, Animals, Men and Morals? Drawing on previously unpublished correspondence among and interviews with the surviving Oxford Group members, Robert Garner and Yewande Okuleye explore the social and political milieu in which the group formed to understand how such intellectual movements coalesce.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197508502
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
Animal rights is now a concept that has achieved wide name-recognition. Vegetarianism, and even veganism, is now commonplace, representing a massive transformation in public attitudes. Fifty years ago, the concept of animal rights was almost unheard of and the animal protection movement lay dormant. Even vegetarians were regarded as, at best, cranks and, at worst, dangerous critics of the social order. Yet the late 1960s and early 1970s were a formative time for the contemporary animal rights movement. One of the most important and influential intellectual moments for animal rights occurred at this time at Oxford University among like-minded scholars who would become known as the Oxford Group. The Oxford Group and the Emergence of Animal Rights is about this little known group--a loose friendship group of primarily postgraduate philosophy students who attended the University of Oxford for a short period of time in the late 1960s. The book traces the early development of the Oxford Group and its influence on animal rights theory and activism. It also serves as a case study of how the emergence of important work and the development of new ideas can be explained, as well as how the intellectual development of participants in a friendship group is influenced by their participation in a creative community. For example, would Peter Singer have written his landmark book Animal Liberation--or anything about animal ethics--without being exposed to the other members of the Oxford Group? How would the discipline of animal ethics differ if the group had not produced their edited collection of articles, Animals, Men and Morals? Drawing on previously unpublished correspondence among and interviews with the surviving Oxford Group members, Robert Garner and Yewande Okuleye explore the social and political milieu in which the group formed to understand how such intellectual movements coalesce.
Indifference
Author: Naisargi N. Davé
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 1478027134
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 115
Book Description
In Indifference, Naisargi N. Davé examines the complex worlds of animalists and animalism in India. Through ethnographic fieldwork with animal healers, animal activists, farmers, laborers, transporters, and animals themselves, and moving across animal shelters and dairy farms to city streets and abattoirs, Davé shows how human-animal relations often manifest through care and violence. More surprisingly, what Davé also finds animating interspecies relationality in India is an ethic of indifference---that is, an orientation of mutual regard rather than curiosity, love, desire, or animus. For Davé, indifference is a respect for others in their otherness that allows human and nonhuman animals to flourish in immanent encounters. Indifference, then, becomes the basis for an interspecies ethics and a method of care and practice in everyday life. With indifference, Davé describes both a mode of relationality in the world and a scholarly approach: seeking what is possible when we approach ethico-political concepts with indifference rather than commitment or antagonism. Moments of indifference, Davé contends, offer the promise of otherwise worlds.
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 1478027134
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 115
Book Description
In Indifference, Naisargi N. Davé examines the complex worlds of animalists and animalism in India. Through ethnographic fieldwork with animal healers, animal activists, farmers, laborers, transporters, and animals themselves, and moving across animal shelters and dairy farms to city streets and abattoirs, Davé shows how human-animal relations often manifest through care and violence. More surprisingly, what Davé also finds animating interspecies relationality in India is an ethic of indifference---that is, an orientation of mutual regard rather than curiosity, love, desire, or animus. For Davé, indifference is a respect for others in their otherness that allows human and nonhuman animals to flourish in immanent encounters. Indifference, then, becomes the basis for an interspecies ethics and a method of care and practice in everyday life. With indifference, Davé describes both a mode of relationality in the world and a scholarly approach: seeking what is possible when we approach ethico-political concepts with indifference rather than commitment or antagonism. Moments of indifference, Davé contends, offer the promise of otherwise worlds.
On the Ethical Life
Author: Raymond Aaron Younis
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527554864
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Book Description
The question of the ethical life is arguably one of the most compelling, and urgent, questions of our time. As Peter Singer, among others, has pointed out, almost 10 million children die each year due to poverty, some of whom would not die if the amount of aid that we now offer increases significantly. As Singer has also pointed out, the exploitation of human beings and other animals is a major ethical and practical concern. There can be little reasonable doubt that pain and suffering abound, in the world today, due to many causes such as poverty, disease, environmental degradation and destruction and anthropocentrism among others, just as there can be little reasonable doubt that some of the pain and suffering is preventable. So, what does it mean to live ethically today? Does it mean taking the point of view of the universe, as Sidgwick put it, memorably, rather than a narrow anthropocentric or speciesist view? Does it mean living in accordance with duties or obligations, or in light of recognised virtues, or with the minimisation of pain and suffering primarily in mind? Does it entail a consideration of the interests of other species and a rejection of the principle of the sanctity of human life? Does it mean not eating animals when other healthy alternatives are available, especially when those animals have been treated in ways that are inconsistent with their interests, whatever they may be? Does it mean taking active steps to reduce poverty on our part on a day to day basis? Is ethics exhausted in some sense today? And if we could reach some consensus on these questions, what difference would the ethical life make? Some argue that speciesism and the exploitation of human beings and other animals might diminish; that pain and suffering, especially gratuitous pain and suffering, would decrease, or at the very least, not increase; or that we will become more aware of the limitations of things such as “the traditional ethic of the sanctity of life”, as Singer calls it. Some argue that the ethical life is closely related to a life of relationships, reflection and deliberation, all of which deepen our understanding and enrich us personally. Others argue that the ethical life is closely related to our search for a meaningful life – that the ethical life can help us to find meaning in a world in which “meaning”, defined broadly, can seem elusive, enigmatic or unsubstantial. These and related issues and questions are explored in this collection, which illustrates the relevance, vitality and dynamism of ethics today.
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527554864
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Book Description
The question of the ethical life is arguably one of the most compelling, and urgent, questions of our time. As Peter Singer, among others, has pointed out, almost 10 million children die each year due to poverty, some of whom would not die if the amount of aid that we now offer increases significantly. As Singer has also pointed out, the exploitation of human beings and other animals is a major ethical and practical concern. There can be little reasonable doubt that pain and suffering abound, in the world today, due to many causes such as poverty, disease, environmental degradation and destruction and anthropocentrism among others, just as there can be little reasonable doubt that some of the pain and suffering is preventable. So, what does it mean to live ethically today? Does it mean taking the point of view of the universe, as Sidgwick put it, memorably, rather than a narrow anthropocentric or speciesist view? Does it mean living in accordance with duties or obligations, or in light of recognised virtues, or with the minimisation of pain and suffering primarily in mind? Does it entail a consideration of the interests of other species and a rejection of the principle of the sanctity of human life? Does it mean not eating animals when other healthy alternatives are available, especially when those animals have been treated in ways that are inconsistent with their interests, whatever they may be? Does it mean taking active steps to reduce poverty on our part on a day to day basis? Is ethics exhausted in some sense today? And if we could reach some consensus on these questions, what difference would the ethical life make? Some argue that speciesism and the exploitation of human beings and other animals might diminish; that pain and suffering, especially gratuitous pain and suffering, would decrease, or at the very least, not increase; or that we will become more aware of the limitations of things such as “the traditional ethic of the sanctity of life”, as Singer calls it. Some argue that the ethical life is closely related to a life of relationships, reflection and deliberation, all of which deepen our understanding and enrich us personally. Others argue that the ethical life is closely related to our search for a meaningful life – that the ethical life can help us to find meaning in a world in which “meaning”, defined broadly, can seem elusive, enigmatic or unsubstantial. These and related issues and questions are explored in this collection, which illustrates the relevance, vitality and dynamism of ethics today.
Down to the Sea
Author: John Little
Publisher: Momentum
ISBN: 1743340427
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
For over a century the Warren family has earned a hard and dangerous living, fishing out of Eden on the south coast of New South Wales. From the family's first fisherman, Old Ike, plying the coast in an open sailing boat in the late nineteenth century, to the Warrens today, using satellites and computers; from handlining to the brutal efficiency of purse seining, we witness a century of profound change that has forever altered the nature of our oceans. As the seasons unfold, and generations come and go, there emerges an intimate portrait of a family earning their living in a perilous and unforgiving environment. Through depression, war, shipwreck and storm, record catches and bitter disappointments, fights and family feuds, the Warrens have endured in a game where only the hardiest survive. Filled with unforgettable characters, adventure, humour and pathos, this is the inspiring story of a fishing dynasty – showing just how extraordinary the ordinary can be.
Publisher: Momentum
ISBN: 1743340427
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
For over a century the Warren family has earned a hard and dangerous living, fishing out of Eden on the south coast of New South Wales. From the family's first fisherman, Old Ike, plying the coast in an open sailing boat in the late nineteenth century, to the Warrens today, using satellites and computers; from handlining to the brutal efficiency of purse seining, we witness a century of profound change that has forever altered the nature of our oceans. As the seasons unfold, and generations come and go, there emerges an intimate portrait of a family earning their living in a perilous and unforgiving environment. Through depression, war, shipwreck and storm, record catches and bitter disappointments, fights and family feuds, the Warrens have endured in a game where only the hardiest survive. Filled with unforgettable characters, adventure, humour and pathos, this is the inspiring story of a fishing dynasty – showing just how extraordinary the ordinary can be.
Speaking for Animals
Author: Margo DeMello
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0415808995
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
This text contributes to the growing field of human-animal studies by examining the human impulse evidenced inblogs, social networking sites, video games, comic books, and animal welfare literature to ventriloquize the animal voice.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0415808995
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
This text contributes to the growing field of human-animal studies by examining the human impulse evidenced inblogs, social networking sites, video games, comic books, and animal welfare literature to ventriloquize the animal voice.
Catherine's Gift
Author: John Little
Publisher: Monarch Books
ISBN: 085721358X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
Australian missionaries Dr Catherine Hamlin and her husband Reg pioneered surgery for the condition called fistula - an injury incurred during obstructed labour resulting in uncontrollable incontinence. Surgeons from all over the world have come to Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital to learn these techniques. Catherine Hamlin is still operating though now in her late eighties. Many of the nurses - and some of the surgeons! - now working first came to the hospital as patients, then stayed on to recuperate and picked up skills as they lent a hand. The book is full of stories interspersed with accounts of the dedicated and painstaking techniques that had to be devised for the undernourished, small-boned patients who come in a steady stream to their doors. Behind all this is the figure of Catherine, described by the New York Times as 'the new Mother Teresa of our age'.
Publisher: Monarch Books
ISBN: 085721358X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
Australian missionaries Dr Catherine Hamlin and her husband Reg pioneered surgery for the condition called fistula - an injury incurred during obstructed labour resulting in uncontrollable incontinence. Surgeons from all over the world have come to Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital to learn these techniques. Catherine Hamlin is still operating though now in her late eighties. Many of the nurses - and some of the surgeons! - now working first came to the hospital as patients, then stayed on to recuperate and picked up skills as they lent a hand. The book is full of stories interspersed with accounts of the dedicated and painstaking techniques that had to be devised for the undernourished, small-boned patients who come in a steady stream to their doors. Behind all this is the figure of Catherine, described by the New York Times as 'the new Mother Teresa of our age'.
Gated
Author: Amy Christine Parker
Publisher: Ember
ISBN: 0449816001
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
A fast-paced, nerve-fraying contemporary thriller that questions loyalties and twists truths. Appearances can be deceiving. Lyla Hamilton is a loyal member of the Community. Her family was happy to be chosen by Pioneer to join such an lovely gated neighborhood. Here, life seems perfect. But after meeting Cody, an outsider boy, Lyla starts questioning Pioneer, her friends, her family--everything. And if there's one thing not allowed in the Community, it's doubt. As Pioneer cleverly manipulates his flock toward disaster, the real question is: Will Lyla follow her heart or follow Pioneer over the edge? From the outside looking in, it's hard to understand why anyone would join a cult. But Gated tells the story from the inside looking out, and from behind the gates things are not quite so simple. Amy Christine Parker's beautiful writing creates a chilling, utterly unique YA story. Perfect for fans of creepy thrillers and contemporary fiction alike. "A tense psychological thriller that will leave you gasping for breath as you race to the very last page." --Gretchen McNeil, author of Ten HelloGiggles.com, August 3, 2013: "When I found out that there was a YA book about cults, of course I had to read it. As it turns out, Amy Christine Parker’s Gated is an awesome, creepy book that reminds me of my favorite cult films while still being surprising." Starred Review, Kirkus Reviews, June 15, 2013: "Parker doesn’t pull punches, indicating a level of brutality that will appropriately disturb even as it successfully conveys Lyla’s complete entrapment in the Community. Compelling and not that distant from real-world cults that have ended in tragedy." Publishers Weekly, June 10, 2013: "Parker skillfully explores the mindset and inner workings of an apocalyptic cult, steadily building toward the inevitable moment of truth...As for the apocalypse itself, Parker keeps things suitably ambiguous, resulting in a complex, intriguing tale rooted in real-world events." School Library Journal, October 2013: "This well-plotted tale will allow readers a glimpse into the possible world of a doomsday cult...The language is accessible, making it a good choice for reluctant readers. After the last page is turned, the question will linger: 'Could I ever be deceived like this?'" Examiner.com "A well-rounded and thorough look into cults while still remaining entertaining throughout. I look forward to reading more of Parker's works in the future."
Publisher: Ember
ISBN: 0449816001
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
A fast-paced, nerve-fraying contemporary thriller that questions loyalties and twists truths. Appearances can be deceiving. Lyla Hamilton is a loyal member of the Community. Her family was happy to be chosen by Pioneer to join such an lovely gated neighborhood. Here, life seems perfect. But after meeting Cody, an outsider boy, Lyla starts questioning Pioneer, her friends, her family--everything. And if there's one thing not allowed in the Community, it's doubt. As Pioneer cleverly manipulates his flock toward disaster, the real question is: Will Lyla follow her heart or follow Pioneer over the edge? From the outside looking in, it's hard to understand why anyone would join a cult. But Gated tells the story from the inside looking out, and from behind the gates things are not quite so simple. Amy Christine Parker's beautiful writing creates a chilling, utterly unique YA story. Perfect for fans of creepy thrillers and contemporary fiction alike. "A tense psychological thriller that will leave you gasping for breath as you race to the very last page." --Gretchen McNeil, author of Ten HelloGiggles.com, August 3, 2013: "When I found out that there was a YA book about cults, of course I had to read it. As it turns out, Amy Christine Parker’s Gated is an awesome, creepy book that reminds me of my favorite cult films while still being surprising." Starred Review, Kirkus Reviews, June 15, 2013: "Parker doesn’t pull punches, indicating a level of brutality that will appropriately disturb even as it successfully conveys Lyla’s complete entrapment in the Community. Compelling and not that distant from real-world cults that have ended in tragedy." Publishers Weekly, June 10, 2013: "Parker skillfully explores the mindset and inner workings of an apocalyptic cult, steadily building toward the inevitable moment of truth...As for the apocalypse itself, Parker keeps things suitably ambiguous, resulting in a complex, intriguing tale rooted in real-world events." School Library Journal, October 2013: "This well-plotted tale will allow readers a glimpse into the possible world of a doomsday cult...The language is accessible, making it a good choice for reluctant readers. After the last page is turned, the question will linger: 'Could I ever be deceived like this?'" Examiner.com "A well-rounded and thorough look into cults while still remaining entertaining throughout. I look forward to reading more of Parker's works in the future."
Babylon's Ark
Author: Lawrence Anthony
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 1429981431
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
The astonishing story of the soldiers, conservationists, and ordinary Iraqis who united to save the animals of the Baghdad Zoo When the Iraq war began, conservationist Lawrence Anthony could think of only one thing: the fate of the Baghdad Zoo, caught in the crossfire at the heart of the city. Once Anthony entered Iraq he discovered that hostilities and uncontrolled looting had devastated the zoo and its animals. Working with members of the zoo staff and a few compassionate U.S. soldiers, he defended the zoo, bartered for food on war-torn streets, and scoured bombed palaces for desperately needed supplies. Babylon's Ark chronicles Anthony's hair-raising efforts to save a pride of Saddam's lions, close a deplorable black-market zoo, run ostriches through shoot-to-kill checkpoints, and rescue the dictator's personal herd of Thoroughbred Arabian horses. A tale of the selfless courage and humanity of a few men and women living dangerously for all the right reasons, Babylon's Ark is an inspiring and uplifting true-life adventure of individuals on both sides working together for the sake of magnificent wildlife caught in a war zone.
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 1429981431
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
The astonishing story of the soldiers, conservationists, and ordinary Iraqis who united to save the animals of the Baghdad Zoo When the Iraq war began, conservationist Lawrence Anthony could think of only one thing: the fate of the Baghdad Zoo, caught in the crossfire at the heart of the city. Once Anthony entered Iraq he discovered that hostilities and uncontrolled looting had devastated the zoo and its animals. Working with members of the zoo staff and a few compassionate U.S. soldiers, he defended the zoo, bartered for food on war-torn streets, and scoured bombed palaces for desperately needed supplies. Babylon's Ark chronicles Anthony's hair-raising efforts to save a pride of Saddam's lions, close a deplorable black-market zoo, run ostriches through shoot-to-kill checkpoints, and rescue the dictator's personal herd of Thoroughbred Arabian horses. A tale of the selfless courage and humanity of a few men and women living dangerously for all the right reasons, Babylon's Ark is an inspiring and uplifting true-life adventure of individuals on both sides working together for the sake of magnificent wildlife caught in a war zone.