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Author: C.A. Truesdell Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642459447 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 822
Book Description
Sect 2. 317 tinuity surfaces 1. This suggests that a wake pressure Pw be associated with each flow past a bluff body, and that a wake parameter (2. 4) which plays the same role as the cavitation parameter (2. 1), be defined for the flow. This idea has been made the basis of a modified wake theory (ef. Sect. 11) which proves to be in good qu- titative agreement with pressure and drag measurements. It should be emphasized, however, that un h like the cavitation number, the wake parameter is a quantity which is not known a priori, and must be empirically determined in each case. (3) Jet flows. The problem of jet efflux from an orifice is one of the oldest in hydrodynamics and the first to be treated by Fig. 3a. the HELMHOLTZ free streamline theory. Of particular importance for engineering applications is the discharge coefficient Cd' which is defined in terms of the discharge Q per unit time, the pressure P, and the cross-sectional area A of the orifice, by the formula, (2. 5) where e is the fluid density. Two methods of measuring Cd have been most fre quently adopted. In the first the liquid issues from an orifice in a large vessel under the influence of gravity _,-____________ . , (Fig. 3 a), while in the second it 1 L is forced out of a nozzle or pipe under high pressure (Fig. 3 b).
Author: C.A. Truesdell Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642459447 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 822
Book Description
Sect 2. 317 tinuity surfaces 1. This suggests that a wake pressure Pw be associated with each flow past a bluff body, and that a wake parameter (2. 4) which plays the same role as the cavitation parameter (2. 1), be defined for the flow. This idea has been made the basis of a modified wake theory (ef. Sect. 11) which proves to be in good qu- titative agreement with pressure and drag measurements. It should be emphasized, however, that un h like the cavitation number, the wake parameter is a quantity which is not known a priori, and must be empirically determined in each case. (3) Jet flows. The problem of jet efflux from an orifice is one of the oldest in hydrodynamics and the first to be treated by Fig. 3a. the HELMHOLTZ free streamline theory. Of particular importance for engineering applications is the discharge coefficient Cd' which is defined in terms of the discharge Q per unit time, the pressure P, and the cross-sectional area A of the orifice, by the formula, (2. 5) where e is the fluid density. Two methods of measuring Cd have been most fre quently adopted. In the first the liquid issues from an orifice in a large vessel under the influence of gravity _,-____________ . , (Fig. 3 a), while in the second it 1 L is forced out of a nozzle or pipe under high pressure (Fig. 3 b).
Author: BRACCINI Muriel Publisher: Lavoisier ISBN: 2746275511 Category : Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
Cet ouvrage rassemble différentes contributions autour des problèmes de mécanique posés par les interfaces solide/solide. Que ce soit dans les matériaux traditionnels (alliages polyphasés, composites) ou dans les nouvelles technologies (couches minces, nano- et micro-dispositifs) les interfaces sont omniprésentes et conditionnent souvent le fonctionnement optimal de ces structures multi-constituées. Les différents aspects abordés ont pour objectif d'apporter les notions de base nécessaires à l'étude et à la compréhension des états de déformation et de contrainte au voisinage des interfaces dans les matériaux hétérogènes et leurs conséquences pratiques. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux ingénieurs confrontés à des problèmes spécifiques dus aux effets d'hétérogénéités ainsi qu'aux chercheurs scientifiques abordant les problèmes fondamentaux liés à l'influence d'une interface sur le comportement mécanique d'un élément de matière hétérogène. Il pourra également être utile aux étudiants d'école d'ingénieur, de master et de doctorat en physique de la matière condensée ou en science et génie des matériaux.
Author: PRUD'HOMME Roger Publisher: Lavoisier ISBN: 2746295431 Category : Chemical reactions Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Les écoulements avec réactions chimiques peuvent intervenir dans des domaines variés tels que la combustion, le génie des procédés, l’aéronautique, l’environnement atmosphérique et aquatique. Les exemples d’application choisis dans ce volume portent principalement sur les mélanges réactifs homogènes susceptibles d’intervenir dans les propulseurs, en génie des procédés et en combustion : - propagation du son et écoulements monodimensionnels non diffusifs dans les tuyères pouvant comporter des déséquilibres des modes internes d’énergie des molécules ; - réacteurs chimiques idéaux, stabilisation de leurs points de fonctionnement stationnaires dans le cas homogène à mélange parfait et instruments classiques d’analyse expérimentale et théorique tels les bilans de population, la distribution des temps de séjour et celle des âges ; - flammes laminaires et turbulentes en séparant bien celles qui sont prémélangées de celles qui ne le sont pas et qui ne relèvent pas des mêmes mécanismes, mais qui interviennent conjointement dans le cas des flammes triples. Écoulements et réactions chimiques 2 apporte également des précisions sur l’analyse dimensionnelle, la thermodynamique statistique avec couplage entre modes internes d’énergie et réactions chimiques, l’apparition et la dissipation de la turbulence fluide ainsi que son traitement statistique, les bifurcations, les flammes en milieu confiné et de diffusion.
Author: Roland Borghi Publisher: Editions OPHRYS ISBN: 9782710811022 Category : Combustion Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Professionals working in the field of combustion may well find many points of interest, highlighted by the book's logical and global approach to phenomena, which considers mechanical, thermal and chemical aspects simultaneously. The book prioritises an understanding of the physical and chemical aspects of the phenomena, and lays particular emphasis on experimental analyses and modern numerical simulations, and on the way in which these phenomena are translated into equations.Contents: Introduction: Discovering combustion and flames. 1. Combustion thermodynamics. 2. Chemical kinetics applied to combustion. 3. Mass and energy transport by convection and diffusion. 4. Self-ignitions in closed systems. 5. Laminar flames and deflagrations. 6. Turbulent flames and deflagrations. 7. Detonation and supersonic combustion. 8. Flame ignition. 9. Combustion of liquids and sprays. 10. Pollutant emissions in combustion reactions. Index.
Author: Roger Prud'homme Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0817646590 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
The modeling of reactive flows has progressed mainly with advances in aerospace, which gave birth to a new science called aerothermochemistry, as well as through developments in chemical and process engineering. This work examines basic concepts and methods necessary to study reactive flows and transfer phenomena in areas such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. The book presents tools of interest to graduate students, researchers in mathematical physics, and engineers who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses on the physics of liquids or in seminars on mechanics.
Author: Roger Prud'homme Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119054311 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
This book - a sequel of previous publications Flows and Chemical Reactions, Chemical Reactions Flows in Homogeneous Mixtures and Chemical Reactions and Flows in Heterogeneous Mixtures - is devoted to flows with chemical reactions in the electromagnetic field. The first part, entitled basic equations, consists of four chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the equations of electromagnetism in Minkowski spacetime. This presentation is extended to balance equations, first in homogeneous media unpolarized in the second chapter and homogeneous fluid medium polarized in the third chapter. Chapter four is devoted to heterogeneous media in the presence of electromagnetic field. Balance equations at interfaces therein. The second part of this volume is entitled applications. It also includes four chapters. Chapter five provides a study of the action of fields on fire. Chapter six deals with a typical application for the Peltier effect, chapter seven is devoted to metal-plasma interaction, especially in the Langmuir probe and finally Chapter Eight deals with the propulsion Hall effect. Are given in appendix supplements the laws of balance with electromagnetic field and described the methodology for establishing one-dimensional equations for flow comprising active walls as is the case in some Hall effect thrusters.
Author: Roger Prud'homme Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118588223 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
The aim of this book is to relate fluid flows to chemical reactions. It focuses on the establishment of consistent systems of equations with their boundary conditions and interfaces, which allow us to model and deal with complex situations. Chapter 1 is devoted to simple fluids, i.e. to a single chemical constituent. The basic principles of incompressible and compressible fluid mechanics, are presented in the most concise and educational manner possible, for perfect or dissipative fluids. Chapter 2 relates to the flows of fluid mixtures in the presence of chemical reactions. Chapter 3 is concerned with interfaces and lines. Interfaces have been the subject of numerous publications and books for nearly half a century. Lines and curvilinear media are less known Several appendices on mathematical notation, thermodynamics and mechanics methods are grouped together in Chapter 4. This summary presentation of the basic equations of simple fluids, with exercises and their solutions, as well as those of chemically reacting flows, and interfaces and lines will be very useful for graduate students, engineers, teachers and scientific researchers in many domains of science and industry who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses or seminars on fluid mechanics.
Author: Roger Prudhomme Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119902967 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
Interfaces are present in most fluid mechanics problems. They not only denote phase separations and boundary conditions, but also thin flames and discontinuity waves. Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 1 focuses on the science of interfaces, in particular, using various scientific methods of analysis relating to space, speed and time. Our investigation takes us from the microscopic or small scale (starting with molecular and nanoscopic scales) to the macroscopic (including meso and interstellar scales), and also explores the laws of interfaces (classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics). Chapter 1 examines the questions raised by modeling interfaces in the presence of one or more fluid phases. Chapter 2 discusses the action of turbulence in liquid–vapor flows that contain both small, dispersed bubbles as well as large bubbles, with heat exchanges at the interfaces. In addition, a new model is presented, using large eddy simulation (LES). Chapter 3 studies an original method for calculating the drag force and thermal transfers in flows around networks of spherical particles, while Chapter 4 focuses on the relationships between interfaces and critical fluids. Chapter 5 examines shearing, which causes anomalies in the Brownian motion of particles in strongly fluctuating near-critical mixtures, and Chapter 6 introduces basic concepts related to combustion interfaces, raising the question of the combustion of solids, before ending with a brief presentation of the Rankine–Hugoniot theory and a historical overview of the research carried out in the field of combustion.
Author: C.A. Truesdell
Author: C.A. Truesdell
Author: BRACCINI Muriel
Author: PRUD'HOMME Roger
Author: Roland Borghi
Author: U. Müller
Author: Roger Prud'homme
Author: Roger Prud'homme
Author: 
Author: Roger Prud'homme
Author: Roger Prudhomme