Chemical Control of the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria Tulipae (K.), a Vector of Wheat-streak Mosaic PDF Download

Author: Edmon Jacob Kantack
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Author: Harry W. Somsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural research
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: Christopher William Brey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grasses
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Author: Lindsay M. Overmyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) (WCM) is a vector of three plant viruses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including: Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. This wheat-mitevirus complex causes significant yield loss in winter wheat across the Great Plains. Management of WCM host plants during the time between wheat harvest and planting of the new wheat crop (the green bridge) is critical in reducing potential risk and loss from this complex. The primary green bridge host, in the central Great Plains, is volunteer wheat. If volunteer wheat is not managed (via herbicide or tillage application), it can serve as a host in which mite populations can build up and later be dispersed by the wind into neighboring wheat fields, causing virus spread. Because population dynamics in vegetative volunteer wheat is not well understood, two studies were designed to focus on WCM population buildup and dispersal (subsequent virus spread). Differential mite populations were established in both studies by using viruses and/or virus resistant wheat varieties due to their impact on mite reproduction rates. Mite reproduction is negatively impacted by TriMV and positively by WSMV. 'Mace', a virus resistant variety, was used to maintain plant condition and derive elevated mite populations. Virus symptoms were monitored by measuring plant relative chlorophyll content. In a greenhouse study, mite-infested wheat was placed in wind tunnels every 7-10 days to evaluate mite dispersal from virus-infected wheat. A field study was also conducted in which mite dispersal (i.e. virus spread) was monitored around a single infested plant in a plot. Results indicated that mite density was the primary factor determining the extent of mite dispersal and virus spread. In addition, temperature impacted the extent of mite population build up and virus spread. Both studies will aid in the development of more accurate predictive risk models of virus risk and contribute to improved management of this wheat-mite-virus complex.

Author: Benjawan Siriwetwiwat
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780542908736
Category : Virus-vector relationships
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Peter A. Edde
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128196998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1004

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Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance presents detailed descriptions of the biology and ecology of important arthropod pest of selected global field crops. Standard management options for insect pest control on crops include biological, non-chemical, and chemical approaches. However, because agricultural crops face a wide range of insect pests throughout the year, it can prove difficult to find a simple solution to insect pest control in many, if not most, cropping systems. A whole-farm or integrated pest management approach combines cultural, natural, and chemical controls to maintain insect pest populations below levels that cause economic damage to the crop. This practice requires accurate species identification and thorough knowledge of the biology and ecology of the target organism. Integration and effective use of various control components is often enhanced when the target organism is correctly identified, and its biology and ecology are known. This book provides a key resource toward that identification and understanding. Students and professionals in agronomy, insect detection and survey, and economic entomology will find the book a valuable learning aid and resource tool. Includes insect synonyms, common names, and geographic distribution Provides information on natural enemies Is thoroughly referenced for future research

Author: Luaay Kahtan Khalaf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella (Keifer), is an important global pest of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Chronic and often severe reductions of winter wheat yield due to A. tosichella infestations have occurred in North America and all other wheat-production areas for over five decades. Moreover, A. tosichella is the only vector which transmits the three most important wheat viruses in the Great Plains, which are Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV), the most economically important wheat virus in North America; Triticum Mosaic Virus (TriMV) and High Plains Wheat Mosaic Virus (HPWMoV). Mite infestation alone causes stunted, chlorotic plants in susceptible wheat varieties. To date, mite resistant wheat cultivars have been the only sufficient method to control A. tosichella. The discovery of new genes for A. tosichella resistance and their introgression into wheat cultivars are essential steps to combat the development of new and/or different A. tosichella biotypes which can develop to overcome resistance genes. Both A. tosichella biotype 1 and 2 exist in U. S. Great Plains wheat producing areas. Elucidating and predicting A. tosichella population composition changes based on climatic and geographic variables is a key to continued effective mite management. Experiments were conducted to: 1) assess A. tosichella virulence in mites collected from 25 sample sites in six states to wheat plants harboring the Cmc2, Cmc3 and Cmc4 mite resistance genes and the Wsm2 WSMV resistance gene in 2014 and 2015, and determine the distribution of WSMV, TriMV and HPWMoV present in mites collected; 2) assess A. tosichella biotype composition using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) polymorphisms; 3) use generalized additive modeling to capture the spatio-temporal factors contributing to the prevalence of A. tosichella biotypes 1 and 2; and 4) screen Kansas advanced breeding lines for resistance to A. tosichella biotypes 1 and 2. Results indicated that A. tosichella collected from 92% of the sample area were virulent to susceptible Jagger wheat plants with no Cmc resistance genes; that mites from 36% of the sample area were virulent to the Cmc2 gene, and that mites collected from 24% of sample area were virulent to Cmc3. Mite populations from only 8% of the sample sites exhibited virulence to plants containing Cmc4 + Wsm2 or Cmc4. The WSMV virus was predominant and present in 76% of all mites sampled. HPWMoV and TriMV were less apparent and present in 16% and 8% of all mites sampled, respectively. These results will enable breeders to increase the efficiency of wheat production by releasing wheat varieties containing A. tosichella resistance genes that contribute to reducing virus transmission. Results of spatio-temporal factor modeling provide new, more accurate information about the use of ground-cover and precipitation as key predictors of biotype prevalence and ratio. Experiments to determine if Kansas State University advanced breeding lines contain A. tosichella resistance found no resistance to biotype 1, resistance to biotype 2 in breeding lines AYN3-37 and AYN3-34; and moderate resistance to biotype 2 in breeding lines AYN2-28 and AYN2-36. The demonstrated correlation between reduced A. tosichella population size and avirulence; characterization and prediction of the A. tosichella biotype composition; and the identification of new sources of A. tosichella resistance in wheat can help entomologists and wheat breeders increase wheat production efficiency by releasing additional wheat cultivars containing A. tosichella resistance genes.

Author: Brenda Coutts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 1

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Author: Camila F. de Oliveira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 82

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Book Description
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits a complex of viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), to wheat, Triticum aestivum, in the Great Plains. Co-infection of wheat by these viruses is frequently observed, increasing disease severity and yield loss. Current genetic work classifies WCM populations into two genotypes, Type 1 and Type 2. It has been shown that different mite genotypes are able to transmit viruses at varying rates. WCM-virus relations are very specific and can impact vector biology. In this study, the primary objective was to determine if co-infection of wheat by WSMV+ TriMV has an impact on each virus transmission rate by the WCM Type 1 and Type 2. An additional objective was to establish the impact of double viral infections on the biology of the mites and virus dispersal in the field. Using a series of transmission studies, it was determined that Type 1 WCMs do not transmit TriMV even in the presence of WSMV. Type 2 WCMs feeding on wheat infected with both viruses, have reduced WSMV transmission when compared to mites feeding on singly inoculated plants. However, TriMV transmission is increased when mites feed on wheat infected by both viruses. Mite counts from the field indicated that mites feeding on WSMV infected plants had the highest populations, followed by the control, WSMV+TriMV and TriMV. In field conditions, WSMV incidence was reduced when Type 2 WCM were exposed to source plants with WSMV+TriMV. TriMV incidence was not different between mites feeding on single or double infected plants. These findings enhance the understanding of WCM virus complex epidemiology.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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