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Author: Samira Frey Publisher: Grin Publishing ISBN: 9783668581821 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Applied physics, grade: 5.5, University of Bern, language: English, abstract: The lunar meteorite SaU 169 was investigated with a miniaturized laser mass spectrometer (LMS). SaU 169 consists of two different lithologies, a regolith breccia and an impact-melted breccia. The latter is extremely enriched in potassium, rare earth elements and phosphorus (K-REE-P) as well as the radioactive elements uranium and thorium, which makes it special compared to other known meteorites. The chemical composition of a meteorite can bring insight into its formation conditions. In a first step a set of relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) was determined by measurements on the regolith rock. Afterwards the chemical composition of the K-REE-P rock was successfully measured and mapped in an elemental composition map. The present minerals (e.g. zircon, ilmenite, pyroxene and K-feldspar) could be identified by analyzing elemental ratios. Special emphasis was put on the mineral zircon. Rare earth element patterns could be measured inside a zircon grain. With the amount of titanium found inside the zircon grain, the crystallization temperature of the grain could be estimated. This again can help determine whether or not the analyzed grain crystallized during an impact event or not. In the last part of this thesis the LMS instrument was coupled with a HV pulser. The HV pulser greatly enhances the detection sensitivity for heavier elements by preventing the lighter elements from reaching the detector and thus avoiding saturation effects on the detector. With the help of the HV pulser the mass spectra of rare earth elements could be readily recorded with sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio and mass resolution to make a quantitative analysis possible. Uranium and thorium were detected as well at limited sample locations. Also lead was measured but only in one spectrum. With the lead and uranium abundance determined from the
Author: Samira Frey Publisher: Grin Publishing ISBN: 9783668581821 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Applied physics, grade: 5.5, University of Bern, language: English, abstract: The lunar meteorite SaU 169 was investigated with a miniaturized laser mass spectrometer (LMS). SaU 169 consists of two different lithologies, a regolith breccia and an impact-melted breccia. The latter is extremely enriched in potassium, rare earth elements and phosphorus (K-REE-P) as well as the radioactive elements uranium and thorium, which makes it special compared to other known meteorites. The chemical composition of a meteorite can bring insight into its formation conditions. In a first step a set of relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) was determined by measurements on the regolith rock. Afterwards the chemical composition of the K-REE-P rock was successfully measured and mapped in an elemental composition map. The present minerals (e.g. zircon, ilmenite, pyroxene and K-feldspar) could be identified by analyzing elemental ratios. Special emphasis was put on the mineral zircon. Rare earth element patterns could be measured inside a zircon grain. With the amount of titanium found inside the zircon grain, the crystallization temperature of the grain could be estimated. This again can help determine whether or not the analyzed grain crystallized during an impact event or not. In the last part of this thesis the LMS instrument was coupled with a HV pulser. The HV pulser greatly enhances the detection sensitivity for heavier elements by preventing the lighter elements from reaching the detector and thus avoiding saturation effects on the detector. With the help of the HV pulser the mass spectra of rare earth elements could be readily recorded with sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio and mass resolution to make a quantitative analysis possible. Uranium and thorium were detected as well at limited sample locations. Also lead was measured but only in one spectrum. With the lead and uranium abundance determined from the
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309224640 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 399
Book Description
In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed. It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.
Author: Thomas Prohaska Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1849735409 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 667
Book Description
This book was triggered by the success story of sector field mass spectrometry in elemental and isotopic analysis from the early days when the first mass spectrum of Ne was presented a hundred years ago. The outstanding and unique features of sector field mass spectrometry - high sensitivity, high mass resolution and simultaneous multiple ion detection - paved the way for its successful and increasing application in different fields of science. Written, compiled and edited by worldwide renowned experts with profound expertise in sector field mass spectrometry related to elemental and isotopic analysis, this book is intended to provide deep insight into the topic along with fundamental knowledge about elemental and isotopic analysis. Aimed at scientists in the field of natural and life sciences, instrument manufacturers, practitioners and graduate students, this book provides solid information about the methodological background and analytical capabilities of sector field mass spectrometry. A detailed description of peculiarities and an overview of the most relevant applications making use of specific techniques using sector field mass analysers (ICP-MS, GDMS, TIMS, SIMS and IRMS) are given, including a presentation of the currently available commercial instruments. This approach guarantees that readers are thoroughly introduced to and familiarized with the fascinating inter- and transdisciplinary field of sector field mass spectrometry.
Author: Bradley L. Jolliff Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 1501509535 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 756
Book Description
Volume 60 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry assesses the current state of knowledge of lunar geoscience, given the data sets provided by missions of the 1990's, and lists remaining key questions as well as new ones for future exploration to address. It documents how a planet or moon other than the world on which we live can be studied and understood in light of integrated suites of specific kinds of information. The Moon is the only body other than Earth for which we have material samples of known geologic context for study. This volume seeks to show how the different kinds of information gained about the Moon relate to each other and also to learn from this experience, thus allowing more efficient planning for the exploration of other worlds.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0081029098 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 5634
Book Description
Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study
Author: David J. Nash Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444399675 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 413
Book Description
This state-of-the-art volume reviews both past work and current research, with contributions from internationally recognized experts. The book is organized into fourteen chapters and designed to embrace the full range of terrestrial geochemical sediments. An up-to-date and comprehensive survey of research in the field of geochemical sediments and landscapes Discusses the main duricrusts, including calcrete, laterite and silcrete Considers deposits precipitated in various springs, lakes, caves and near-coastal environments Considers the range of techniques used in the analysis of geochemical sediments, representing a significant advance on previous texts
Author: Samira Frey
Author: Samira Frey
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Author: National Research Council
Author: Thomas Prohaska
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Author: Bradley L. Jolliff
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Author: David J. Nash