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Author: Marco Durante Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 288945391X Category : Languages : en Pages : 650
Book Description
High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas and various sarcomas. The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bragg peak) allow sparing of much more normal tissues than it is possible using conventional X-rays, and for this reason all pediatric tumors are considered eligible for protontherapy. Ions heavier than protons also display special radiobiological characteristics, which make them effective against radioresistant and hypoxic tumors. On the other hand, protons and ions with high charge (Z) and energy (HZE particles) represent a major risk for human space exploration. The main late effect of radiation exposure is cancer induction, and at the moment the dose limits for astronauts are based on cancer mortality risk. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measured the dose on the route to Mars and on the planet’s surface, suggesting that a human exploration missions will exceed the radiation risk limits. Notwithstanding many studies on carcinogenesis induced by protons and heavy ions, the risk uncertainty remains very high. In this research topic we aim at gathering the experiences and opinions of scientists dealing with high-energy charged particles either for cancer treatment or for space radiation protection. Clinical results with protons and heavy ions, as well as research in medical physics and pre-clinical radiobiology are reported. In addition, ground-based and spaceflight studies on the effects of space radiation are included in this book. Particularly relevant for space studies are the clinical results on normal tissue complications and second cancers. The eBook nicely demonstrates that particle therapy in oncology and protection of astronauts from space radiation share many common topics, and can learn from each other.
Author: Marco Durante Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 288945391X Category : Languages : en Pages : 650
Book Description
High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas and various sarcomas. The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bragg peak) allow sparing of much more normal tissues than it is possible using conventional X-rays, and for this reason all pediatric tumors are considered eligible for protontherapy. Ions heavier than protons also display special radiobiological characteristics, which make them effective against radioresistant and hypoxic tumors. On the other hand, protons and ions with high charge (Z) and energy (HZE particles) represent a major risk for human space exploration. The main late effect of radiation exposure is cancer induction, and at the moment the dose limits for astronauts are based on cancer mortality risk. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measured the dose on the route to Mars and on the planet’s surface, suggesting that a human exploration missions will exceed the radiation risk limits. Notwithstanding many studies on carcinogenesis induced by protons and heavy ions, the risk uncertainty remains very high. In this research topic we aim at gathering the experiences and opinions of scientists dealing with high-energy charged particles either for cancer treatment or for space radiation protection. Clinical results with protons and heavy ions, as well as research in medical physics and pre-clinical radiobiology are reported. In addition, ground-based and spaceflight studies on the effects of space radiation are included in this book. Particularly relevant for space studies are the clinical results on normal tissue complications and second cancers. The eBook nicely demonstrates that particle therapy in oncology and protection of astronauts from space radiation share many common topics, and can learn from each other.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas and various sarcomas. The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bragg peak) allow sparing of much more normal tissues than it is possible using conventional X-rays, and for this reason all pediatric tumors are considered eligible for protontherapy. Ions heavier than protons also display special radiobiological characteristics, which make them effective against radioresistant and hypoxic tumors. On the other hand, protons and ions with high charge (Z) and energy (HZE particles) represent a major risk for human space exploration. The main late effect of radiation exposure is cancer induction, and at the moment the dose limits for astronauts are based on cancer mortality risk. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measured the dose on the route to Mars and on the planet's surface, suggesting that a human exploration missions will exceed the radiation risk limits. Notwithstanding many studies on carcinogenesis induced by protons and heavy ions, the risk uncertainty remains very high. In this research topic we aim at gathering the experiences and opinions of scientists dealing with high-energy charged particles either for cancer treatment or for space radiation protection. Clinical results with protons and heavy ions, as well as research in medical physics and pre-clinical radiobiology are reported. In addition, ground-based and spaceflight studies on the effects of space radiation are included in this book. Particularly relevant for space studies are the clinical results on normal tissue complications and second cancers. The eBook nicely demonstrates that particle therapy in oncology and protection of astronauts from space radiation share many common topics, and can learn from each other.
Author: Thomas F. De Laney Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 9780781765527 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
This volume is the first comprehensive and practical clinical reference on proton and charged particle radiotherapy. The first half of the book explains the treatment delivery systems used, offers detailed guidance on treatment planning techniques, examines key clinical issues in proton radiotherapy, and reviews recent experience with heavier charged particle radiotherapy. The second half of the book offers "how-to" information on treatment of pediatric tumors, lymphomas, and tumors of the central nervous system, eye, skull base, cervical spine, bone and soft tissue, paranasal sinus, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, prostate, lung, gastrointestinal tract, female reproductive tract, and breast. More than 100 full-color illustrations complement the text.
Author: Timothy D. Malouff Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: 9781119707530 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"While the fundamental physical principles that provide the basis for particle therapy are well established, the practical use of these principles is continually evolving as the use of particle therapy continues to grow. Once a novelty, particle therapy is now widely available in many parts of the world. Proton therapy is now a routine option for many patients, and multiple facilities in different countries are treating patients with carbon ion therapy as data is gathered to determine the best clinical use of this technology. Pharmaceutical improvements have also revitalized neutron beam therapy when used for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), joining several fast neutron therapy (FNT) centers around the world. Compared to traditional photon and electron radiation therapy, heavier particles have some desirable physical characteristics that allow for safer and more effective treatments in certain scenarios. Heavier particles such as neutrons, protons, and carbon ions offer increased linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Heavier charged particles have beneficial dosimetric advantages such as decreased distal, lateral, and integral dose, and neutron beams can be used to generate targeted therapeutic secondary particles."--
Author: Pablo Cirrone Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000987655 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
This book explores the current difficulties and unsolved problems in the field of particle therapy and, after analysing them, discusses how (and if) innovative Monte Carlo approaches can be used to solve them. Each book chapter is dedicated to a different sub-discipline, including multi-ion treatments, flash-radiotherapy, laser-accelerated beams, nanoparticles effects, binary reactions to enhance radiobiology, and space-related issues. This is the first book able to provide a comprehensive insight into this exciting field and the growing use of Monte Carlo in medical physics. It will be of interest to graduate students in medicine and medical physics, in addition to researchers and clinical staff. Key Features: Explores the exciting and interdisciplinary topic of Monte Carlo in particle therapy and medicine. Addresses common challenges in the field. Edited by an authority on the subject, with chapter contributions from specialists. Pablo Cirrone is a medical physicist and researcher at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of INFN, Italy, where he supports and coordinates various experimental groups. Dr. Cirrone is an expert in the use of proton and ion in radiation treatment and of absolute and relative dosimetry in electron, photon and ion beam. He is an expert in the development and test of detectors for medical applications, of the production and use of laser-driven beams for medical and multidisciplinary applications and recipient of the Michael Gotein Award. He is active on many scientific committees and organizes national and international conferences. Giada Petringa is a researcher at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of INFN, Italy. Dr. Petringa has a professional experience in the field of Monte Carlo simulations for medical applications, dosimetry, microdosimetry, and diagnostics with conventional and laser-driven proton beams. In 2019 she had a MSCA-IF-2019 (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions-Individual Fellowship) grant funded by the European Community in the framework of the H2020 program. She is a member of the Editorial Board of the international journal Physica Medica - European Journal of Medical. She organized more than fifteen international Geant4 Schools. She is an official member of the Geant4 code Collaboration at CERN since 2019. She is a code developer, and she collaborates to maintain two of the official examples of the code.
Author: M Raju Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 556
Book Description
Heavy Particle Radiotherapy covers the significant advances in the application of radiotherapy to cancer treatment. This book is composed of eight chapters that focus on the performance of several heavy particles. The introductory chapters describe the radiobiological phenomena of interest in radiotherapy and their modifications with increasing linear energy transfer. The remaining chapters discuss the physical aspects, cellular effects, and radiotherapy potential of heavy particles, including neutrons, protons, helium and heavy ions, and negative pions.
Author: Thomas F. DeLaney Publisher: ISBN: 9781469874623 Category : Cancer Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This volume is the first comprehensive and practical clinical reference on proton and charged particle radiotherapy. The first half of the book explains the treatment delivery systems used, offers detailed guidance on treatment planning techniques, examines key clinical issues in proton radiotherapy, and reviews recent experience with heavier charged particle radiotherapy. The second half of the book offers ""how-to"" information on treatment of pediatric tumors, lymphomas, and tumors of the central nervous system, eye, skull base, cervical spine, bone and soft tissue, paranasal sinus, nasal c.
Author: Harald Paganetti Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439836450 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 691
Book Description
Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781484907931 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Radiotherapy with charged particles can potentially deliver maximal doses while minimizing irradiation of surrounding tissues. It may be more effective or less harmful than other forms of radiotherapy for some cancers. The aim of this Technical Brief was to survey the evidence on particle beam radiotherapy. Most types of cancer radiotherapy use ionizing photon (X-ray or gamma-ray) beams for the local or regional treatment of disease. Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tumor and healthy cells alike, triggering complex biochemical reactions and eventually resulting in prolonged abnormal cell function and cellular death. Ionizing radiation is harmful to all tissues, malignant or healthy. In clinical practice, lethal tumor doses are not always achievable because of radiation-induced morbidity to normal tissues. Radiation therapists aim to maximize dose (and damage) to the target tumor and minimize radiation-induced morbidity to adjacent healthy tissues. This is generally achieved by targeting the beam to the tumor area through paths that spare nearby critical and radiosensitive anatomic structures; selecting multiple fields that cross in the tumor area through different paths, to avoid overexposing the same healthy tissues; and by partitioning the total dose in fractions (small amounts) over successive sessions. Because healthy tissues recover better and faster than malignant ones, with each radiotherapy session the accumulated cellular damage in the targeted tumor increases, while normal tissues are given the opportunity to repair. An alternative treatment modality is charged particle radiotherapy, which uses beams of protons or other charged particles such as helium, carbon or other ions instead of photons. They deposit most of their energy in the last final millimeters of their trajectory. This results in a sharp and localized peak of dose, known as the Bragg peak. The initial energy of the charged particles determines how deep in the body the Bragg peak will form. The intensity of the beam determines the dose that will be deposited to the tissues. By adjusting the energy of the charged particles and by adjusting the intensity of the beam one can deliver prespecified doses anywhere in the patient's body with high precision. As with photon therapy, the biological effects of charged particle beams increase with radiation dose. Because charged particles interact with tissues in different ways than photons, the same amount of radiation can have more pronounced biologic effects when delivered as charged particles. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) requested a Technical Brief on the role of particle beam radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer conditions. Key Questions include: KQ1: 1.a. What are the different particle beam radiation therapies that have been proposed to be used on cancer? 1.b. What are the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of these therapies compared to other radiation therapies that are currently used for cancer treatment? 1.c. What are the potential safety issues and harms of the use of particle beam radiation therapy? KQ2: 2.a. What instrumentation is needed for particle beam radiation and what is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) status of this instrumentation? 2.b. What is an estimate of the number of hospitals that currently have the instrumentation or are planning to build instrumentation for these therapies in the US? 2.c. What instrumentation technologies are in development? KQ3: Perform a systematic literature scan on studies on the use and safety of these therapies in cancer, with a synthesis of the following variables: 3.a. Type of cancer and patient eligibility criteria 3.b. Type of radiation, instrumentation and algorithms used 3.c. Study design and size 3.d. Comparator used in comparative studies. 3.e. Length of followup 3.f. Concurrent or prior treatments 3.g. Outcomes measured 3.h. Adverse events, harms and safety issues reported
Author: Sonja Dieterich Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323263755 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Perfect for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and residents in both fields, Practical Radiation Oncology Physics provides a concise and practical summary of the current practice standards in therapeutic medical physics. A companion to the fourth edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology, by Drs. Leonard Gunderson and Joel Tepper, this indispensable guide helps you ensure a current, state-of-the art clinical practice. Covers key topics such as relative and in-vivo dosimetry, imaging and clinical imaging, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and brachytherapy. Describes technical aspects and patient-related aspects of current clinical practice. Offers key practice guideline recommendations from professional societies throughout — including AAPM, ASTRO, ABS, ACR, IAEA, and others. Includes therapeutic applications of x-rays, gamma rays, electron and charged particle beams, neutrons, and radiation from sealed radionuclide sources, plus the equipment associated with their production, use, measurement, and evaluation. Features a "For the Physician" box in each chapter, which summarizes the key points with the most impact on the quality and safety of patient care. Provides a user-friendly appendix with annotated compilations of all relevant recommendation documents. Medicine eBook is accessible on a variety of devices.
Author: Marco Durante
Author: Marco Durante
Author: 
Author: Thomas F. De Laney
Author: Timothy D. Malouff
Author: Pablo Cirrone
Author: M Raju
Author: Thomas F. DeLaney
Author: Harald Paganetti
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Author: Sonja Dieterich