Characterizing, Modeling, and Predicting the External Ground Reaction Forces of Legged Movement PDF Download
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Author: Paweł Kudzia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In this thesis, I explore legged agility with a primary focus on controlling external ground reaction forces produced by our legs. I conduct empirical studies and develop models to understand how we control external forces and develop innovative means to measure them. My research consists of four aims, each contributing to our understanding of human performance and driving potential advancements in sports, robotics, and rehabilitative technologies. In Aim 1, I characterize the control of leg external forces (n=14). To achieve this, I construct a mechanical system and a real-time visual feedback system to capture force magnitudes and positions exerted by my leg. Using system identification, I gain insights into the control of leg external forces across different magnitudes and positions. In Aim 2, I examine the effects of neuromuscular fatigue on our nervous system's capacity to control leg external forces (n=18). I hypothesize that heightened fatigue results in a decrease in both the responsiveness and accuracy of leg force control. My results reveal a significant reduction in mean maximum force production, leading to a substantial decline in my leg force control responsiveness. These findings enhance our understanding of how fatigue influences agility and may guide strategies to sustain performance in the presence of fatigue. In Aim 3, I set out to understand the limit of vertical jumping by studying the external forces generated during jumping (n=10). I develop physics-based models of varying complexity to predict external forces during vertical jumps and identify the simplest model that accurately predicts human-like forces. This model, capable of simulating jumps from different depths, highlights the significance of force-velocity properties and maximal force as limiting factors for jump height. In Aim 4, I develop a novel approach to estimate the external forces generated by each leg during vertical jumps. Using a transformer-based neural network and video data (n=30), I demonstrate that the model accurately predicts each leg's external forces, offering a new tool for measuring jump height and forces from video. My work aims to make biomechanical analysis accessible, a task typically confined to laboratory settings. In summary, this thesis investigates the control of leg external forces, the effects of fatigue, and the development of predictive models. It underscores the potential of machine learning in biomechanical analysis, contributing to a broader understanding of human performance and paving the way for new technological advancements.
Author: Paweł Kudzia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In this thesis, I explore legged agility with a primary focus on controlling external ground reaction forces produced by our legs. I conduct empirical studies and develop models to understand how we control external forces and develop innovative means to measure them. My research consists of four aims, each contributing to our understanding of human performance and driving potential advancements in sports, robotics, and rehabilitative technologies. In Aim 1, I characterize the control of leg external forces (n=14). To achieve this, I construct a mechanical system and a real-time visual feedback system to capture force magnitudes and positions exerted by my leg. Using system identification, I gain insights into the control of leg external forces across different magnitudes and positions. In Aim 2, I examine the effects of neuromuscular fatigue on our nervous system's capacity to control leg external forces (n=18). I hypothesize that heightened fatigue results in a decrease in both the responsiveness and accuracy of leg force control. My results reveal a significant reduction in mean maximum force production, leading to a substantial decline in my leg force control responsiveness. These findings enhance our understanding of how fatigue influences agility and may guide strategies to sustain performance in the presence of fatigue. In Aim 3, I set out to understand the limit of vertical jumping by studying the external forces generated during jumping (n=10). I develop physics-based models of varying complexity to predict external forces during vertical jumps and identify the simplest model that accurately predicts human-like forces. This model, capable of simulating jumps from different depths, highlights the significance of force-velocity properties and maximal force as limiting factors for jump height. In Aim 4, I develop a novel approach to estimate the external forces generated by each leg during vertical jumps. Using a transformer-based neural network and video data (n=30), I demonstrate that the model accurately predicts each leg's external forces, offering a new tool for measuring jump height and forces from video. My work aims to make biomechanical analysis accessible, a task typically confined to laboratory settings. In summary, this thesis investigates the control of leg external forces, the effects of fatigue, and the development of predictive models. It underscores the potential of machine learning in biomechanical analysis, contributing to a broader understanding of human performance and paving the way for new technological advancements.
Author: Peyman Rajai Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Lagrangian dynamics and the method of superfluous coordinates are applied to find ground and joint reaction forces on the human body modeled as a general branched 2-D pendulum tree system with arbitrary segments and arbitrarily distributed point masses. A theoretical framework is established for predicting these constraint forces during human motion and consequently their effects on dynamics, dynamic stability, energy efficiency and the potential of these forces to produce joint injury and/or pain. Applications to human walking are initiated. During idealized phases where there is only single point contact of the stance leg with the ground such as just after heel-strike and just before toe-off, the ground reaction force is modeled as the constraint force on the root pivot joint of the tree. Treating the length of the root segment as a superfluous coordinate introduces a new degree of freedom into the equations of motion that can be used to predict human movements that occur during flight such as in jumping, running and diving. The approach of adding an explicit constraint to the pendulum tree system is used at those times when the foot or a portion of it is flat on the ground. Proof of concept for this approach is demonstrated by application to a single pendulum constrained to lie horizontally on the ground and to a double pendulum system with the same constraint imposed on its first (root) segment.
Author: Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319144177 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Handbook of Human Motion is a large cross-disciplinary reference work which covers the many interlinked facets of the science and technology of human motion and its measurement. Individual chapters cover fundamental principles and technological developments, the state-of-the-art and consider applications across four broad and interconnected fields; medicine, sport, forensics and animation. The huge strides in technological advancement made over the past century make it possible to measure motion with unprecedented precision, but also lead to new challenges. This work introduces the many different approaches and systems used in motion capture, including IR and ultrasound, mechanical systems and video, plus some emerging techniques. The large variety of techniques used for the study of motion science in medicine can make analysis a complicated process, but extremely effective for the treatment of the patient when well utilised. The handbook descri bes how motion capture techniques are applied in medicine, and shows how the resulting analysis can help in diagnosis and treatment. A closely related field, sports science involves a combination of in-depth medical knowledge and detailed understanding of performance and training techniques, and motion capture can play an extremely important role in linking these disciplines. The handbook considers which technologies are most appropriate in specific circumstances, how they are applied and how this can help prevent injury and improve sporting performance. The application of motion capture in forensic science and security is reviewed, with chapters dedicated to specific areas including employment law, injury analysis, criminal activity and motion/facial recognition. And in the final area of application, the book describes how novel motion capture techniques have been designed specifically to aid the creation of increasingly realistic animation within films and v ideo games, with Lord of the Rings and Avatar just two examples. Chapters will provide an overview of the bespoke motion capture techniques developed for animation, how these have influenced advances in film and game design, and the links to behavioural studies, both in humans and in robotics. Comprising a cross-referenced compendium of different techniques and applications across a broad field, the Handbook of Human Motion provides the reader with a detailed reference and simultaneously a source of inspiration for future work. The book will be of use to students, researchers, engineers and others working in any field relevant to human motion capture.
Author: Jim Richards Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0702051993 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Whittle’s Gait Analysis – formerly known as Gait Analysis: an introduction – is now in its fifth edition with a new team of authors led by David Levine and Jim Richards. Working closely with Michael Whittle, the team maintains a clear and accessible approach to basic gait analysis. It will assist both students and clinicians in the diagnosis of and treatment plans for patients suffering from medical conditions that affect the way they walk. Highly readable, the book builds upon the basics of anatomy, physiology and biomechanics Describes both normal and pathological gait Covers the range of methods available to perform gait analysis, from the very simple to the very complex. Emphasizes the clinical applications of gait analysis Chapters on gait assessment of neurological diseases and musculoskeletal conditions and prosthetics and orthotics Methods of gait analysis Design features including key points A team of specialist contributors led by two internationally-renowned expert editors 60 illustrations, taking the total number to over 180 Evolve Resources containing video clips and animated skeletons of normal gait supported by MCQs, an image bank, online glossary and sources of further information. Log on to http://evolve.elsevier.com/Whittle/gait to register and start using these resources today!
Author: Paweł Kudzia
Author: Paweł Kudzia
Author: Peyman Rajai
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Author: Jim Richards
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