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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Xenon has recently been the medium of choice in several large scale detectors searching for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. Though present-day large scale experiments use liquid xenon, the gas phase offers advantages favorable to both types of searches such as improved intrinsic energy resolution and fewer fluctuations in the partition of deposited energy between scintillation and ionization channels. We recently constructed a high pressure xenon gas TPC as a prototype for the NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) neutrinoless double beta decay experiment and have demonstrated the feasibility of 0.5% FWHM energy resolution at the 136Xe double beta Q-value with 3-D tracking capabilities. We now present results from this prototype on the simultaneous observation of cintillation and ionization produced by nuclear recoils at approximately 14 bar pressure. The recoils were produced by neutrons of approximately 2-6 MeV emitted from a radioisotope plutonium-beryllium source, and primary scintillation (S1) and electroluminescent photons produced by ionization (S2) were observed. We discuss the potential of gaseous xenon to distinguish between electron and nuclear recoils through the ratio of these two signals S2/S1. From these results combined with the possibility of using columnar recombination to sense nuclear recoil directionality at high pressures we envision a dual-purpose, ton-scale gaseous xenon detector capable of a combined search for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. This work has been performed within the context of the NEXT collaboration.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Xenon has recently been the medium of choice in several large scale detectors searching for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. Though present-day large scale experiments use liquid xenon, the gas phase offers advantages favorable to both types of searches such as improved intrinsic energy resolution and fewer fluctuations in the partition of deposited energy between scintillation and ionization channels. We recently constructed a high pressure xenon gas TPC as a prototype for the NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) neutrinoless double beta decay experiment and have demonstrated the feasibility of 0.5% FWHM energy resolution at the 136Xe double beta Q-value with 3-D tracking capabilities. We now present results from this prototype on the simultaneous observation of cintillation and ionization produced by nuclear recoils at approximately 14 bar pressure. The recoils were produced by neutrons of approximately 2-6 MeV emitted from a radioisotope plutonium-beryllium source, and primary scintillation (S1) and electroluminescent photons produced by ionization (S2) were observed. We discuss the potential of gaseous xenon to distinguish between electron and nuclear recoils through the ratio of these two signals S2/S1. From these results combined with the possibility of using columnar recombination to sense nuclear recoil directionality at high pressures we envision a dual-purpose, ton-scale gaseous xenon detector capable of a combined search for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. This work has been performed within the context of the NEXT collaboration.
Author: Joshua Edward Renner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
High pressure xenon gas detectors have the potential to significantly contribute to searches for rare physics processes such as neutrinoless double beta (0[nu][beta][beta]) decay and interactions of dark matter with ordinary matter. We summarize the physics and implications of these two phenomena and discuss experimental developments conducted with an electroluminescent high pressure xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The detector was constructed as a prototype for the NEXT experiment - Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC - and was intended to demonstrate an ability to detect electron recoils with an energy resolution sufficient for a strong neutrinoless double beta decay search. Using the low-gain ionization signal amplification process of electroluminescence, we are able to obtain an energy resolution of approximately 1% FWHM in the detection of 662 keV gamma rays. In addition, we demonstrate basic particle tracking capabilities using a silicon photomultiplier-based tracking plane, a technique also relevant to the NEXT approach in searching for 0[nu][beta][beta] decay. To investigate the possibility of a gaseous xenon dark matter detector, we also characterize the ionization and scintillation signals produced by nuclear recoils in the TPC and compare them to the corresponding signals produced by electron recoils. The nuclear recoils are produced using radioisotope neutron sources. Our measurements demonstrate the ability to discriminate between electron and nuclear recoils using the ratio of ionization to scintillation produced on an event-by-event basis and provide an estimate of the ionization and scintillation yields of nuclear recoils in gaseous xenon. We end with a discussion of the physical principles behind another approach to obtaining nearly-intrinsic energy resolution in a noble gas detector. This approach, called negative ion drift, consists of drifting negative ions produced by intentionally introducing impurities into a gaseous medium that capture ionization electrons. These negative ions are then counted individually by detaching and amplifying the electron they carry. We develop a basic formalism in an attempt to understand the ion drift and detachment processes that are critical to the implementation of this technique.
Author: Hans-Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354026373X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 678
Book Description
TheFifthHEIDELBERGInternationalConferenceonDarkMatterinAst- and Particle Physics, DARK 2004, took place at Texas A&M University, College Station Texas, USA, October 3–9, 2004. It was, after Cape Town 2002, the second conference of this series held outside Germany. The earlier meetings, starting in 1996, were held in Heidelberg. Dark Matter is still one of the most exciting and central ?elds of ast- physics, particle physics and cosmology. The conference covered, as usual for this series, a large range of topics, theoretical and experimental. Theoretical talks covered SUSY/SUGRA phenomenology, which provides at present a preferred theoretical framework for the existence of cold dark matter. Also included were other possible explanations of dark matter such as SUSY Q balls, exciting New Symmetries, etc. The most important experiments in the underground search for cold and hot dark matter were presented. Talks describing the current experimental dark matter bounds, what might be obtained in the near future, and the reach of future large (i.e. one ton) detectors were given. The potential of future colliders to correlate accelerator physics with dark matter searches was also outlined. Thus the reader will be able to see the present status and future prospects in the search for dark matter. The exciting astronomical evidence for dark matter and corresponding observations concerning the Milky Way’s black hole, high-redshift clusters, wakes in dark matter halos were other important topics at the conference.
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Author: Joshua Edward Renner
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Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
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Author: Hans-Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
Author: V. Balek