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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Shape, texture, and angularity are among the properties of aggregates that have a significant effect on the performance of hot-mix asphalt, hydraulic cement concrete, and unbound base and subbase layers. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods that can quantify aggregate shape properties rapidly and accurately. In this study, an improved version of the Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) was developed to measure the shape characteristics of both fine and coarse aggregates. Improvements were made in the design of the hardware and software components of AIMS to enhance its operational characteristics, reduce human errors, and enhance the automation of test procedure. AIMS was compared against other test methods that have been used for measuring aggregate shape characteristics. The comparison was conducted based on statistical analysis of the accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, cost, and operational characteristics (e.g. ease of use and interpretation of the results) of these tests. Aggregates that represent a wide range of geographic locations, rock type, and shape characteristics were used in this evaluation. The comparative analysis among the different test methods was conducted using the comparative analysis among the different test methods was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a process of developing a numerical score to rank test methods based on how each method meets certain criteria of desirable characteristics. The outcomes of the AHP analysis clearly demonstrated the advantages of AIMS over other test methods as a unified system for measuring the shape characteristics of both fine and coarse aggregates. A new aggregate classification methodology based on the distribution of their shape characteristics was developed in this study. This methodology offers several advantages over current methods used in practice. It is based on the distribution of shape characteristics rather than average indices of these characteristics. The coarse aggregate form is determined based on three-dimensional analysis of particles. The fundamental gradient and wavelet methods are used to quantify angularity and surface texture, respectively. The classification methodology can be used for the development of aggregate shape specifications.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Shape, texture, and angularity are among the properties of aggregates that have a significant effect on the performance of hot-mix asphalt, hydraulic cement concrete, and unbound base and subbase layers. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods that can quantify aggregate shape properties rapidly and accurately. In this study, an improved version of the Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) was developed to measure the shape characteristics of both fine and coarse aggregates. Improvements were made in the design of the hardware and software components of AIMS to enhance its operational characteristics, reduce human errors, and enhance the automation of test procedure. AIMS was compared against other test methods that have been used for measuring aggregate shape characteristics. The comparison was conducted based on statistical analysis of the accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, cost, and operational characteristics (e.g. ease of use and interpretation of the results) of these tests. Aggregates that represent a wide range of geographic locations, rock type, and shape characteristics were used in this evaluation. The comparative analysis among the different test methods was conducted using the comparative analysis among the different test methods was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a process of developing a numerical score to rank test methods based on how each method meets certain criteria of desirable characteristics. The outcomes of the AHP analysis clearly demonstrated the advantages of AIMS over other test methods as a unified system for measuring the shape characteristics of both fine and coarse aggregates. A new aggregate classification methodology based on the distribution of their shape characteristics was developed in this study. This methodology offers several advantages over current methods used in practice. It is based on the distribution of shape characteristics rather than average indices of these characteristics. The coarse aggregate form is determined based on three-dimensional analysis of particles. The fundamental gradient and wavelet methods are used to quantify angularity and surface texture, respectively. The classification methodology can be used for the development of aggregate shape specifications.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aggregates (Building materials) Languages : en Pages : 55
Book Description
In the last decade, the application of image-based evaluation of particle shape, angularity and texture has been widely researched to characterize aggregate morphology. These efforts have been driven by the knowledge that the morphologic characteristics affect the properties and ultimate performance of aggregate mixtures in hot-mixed asphalt, hydraulic cement concrete and bound and unbound pavement layers, yet the lack of rapid, objective, and quantitative methods for assessment have inhibited their application in the engineering process. Developed systems for computer-based imaging and image analysis can cost up to $30-40,000 and are usually not portable to the field. However, recent advances in technology have produced pocket computers having as much processing power as was available in some desktop computers. This project takes advantage of these advances to develop an inexpensive portable image analysis system for characterizing aggregate morphology. The system was developed with an integral pocket computer-high resolution camera but can also use individual components consisting of a digital camera and lap- or desk-top computer. Digital images of aggregate particles are captured with the camera. These images are analyzed within the Matlab software program environment with a macro developed and written for this project that uses Fast Fourier Transform to characterize the particle morphology with respect to three parameters: shape, angularity and texture, based on the particle perimeter (outline or edge). By analyzing a number of particles from a source, it can be characterized with respect to these three parameters. Following development of the analysis program, 10 coarse aggregates from various Virginia sources were analyzed. Particles of each aggregate were randomly chosen so that each group contained the various shapes and textures representative of the source. Three images of each particle were obtained at distances of 2, 3, and 10 in to evaluate the resolution needed for adequate analysis. The reliability of the image processing was assessed by statistically analyzing the shape, angularity, and texture values to determine how the threshold parameter affects the particle edge acquisition. Asymptotic analysis was performed to determine the number of images needed to obtain a statistically stable value for each aggregate parameter. It was determined that images acquired at close range (2 or 3 in) were needed to provide sufficient resolution to adequately characterize the aggregate. It was also found that statistically valid values for aggregate shape, angularity, and texture can be obtained from fifteen particle images of random orientation. It can be concluded that the system can be successfully used to characterize coarse aggregate morphology. It is recommended that the Virginia Department of Transportation's Materials Division begin collecting images of aggregates used statewide and collaborate with the VTRC to perform the characterizations and build the database of aggregate morphologic characteristics. This information, coupled with performance testing of the materials, will provide the basis for incorporating the characterization parameters into specifications and guide material usage in the future.
Author: C. Rao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Asphalt concrete Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
Automation of coarse aggregate shape and size determination using image analysis techniques is described in this paper as an alternative approach to current manual and time-consuming test procedures. A new image analyzer system, referred to as the University of Illinois Aggregate Image Analyzer (UI-AIA), uses a three-camera setup to view each aggregate particle from three orthogonal directions. Both volume (and therefore weight) and shape factors can be determined precisely for each particle based on sound image analysis and geometric principles. In addition, the grain size distribution of an aggregate sample can be determined. Tests conducted on ten aggregate samples were used to evaluate the perfor mance of the laboratory prototype UI-AIA in automating the standard ASTM D 4791-99, Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate and ASTM C 136-96a, Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. The accuracy and repeatability of the imaging technique were evaluated for the computed aggregate volumes, percent by weight flat and elongated ratios, and gradation curves. Results from the new UI-AIA were in very good agreement with the manual measurements performed in two separate laboratories to ensure their exactness. The UI-AIA has scope for further modifications and improvements.
Author: Hervé Di Benedetto Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030464555 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1806
Book Description
This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in bituminous materials and structures and asphalt pavement technology, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials (ISBM), held in Lyon, France on December 14-16, 2020. The symposium represents a joint effort of three RILEM Technical Committees from Cluster F: 264-RAP “Asphalt Pavement Recycling”, 272-PIM “Phase and Interphase Behaviour of Bituminous Materials”, and 278-CHA “Crack-Healing of Asphalt Pavement Materials”. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning bituminous materials (bitumen, mastics, mixtures) and road, railway and airport pavement structures, including: recycling, phase and interphase behaviour, cracking and healing, modification and innovative materials, durability and environmental aspects, testing and modelling, multi-scale properties, surface characteristics, structure performance, modelling and design, non-destructive testing, back-analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
Author: Eyad Masad Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309098823 Category : Aggregates (Building materials) Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 555: Test Methods for Characterizing Aggregate Shape, Texture, and Angularity examines a methodology for classifying aggregates based on the distribution of shape, texture, and angularity characteristics. The report also explores a test method that it is appropriate for use in central and field laboratories, which measures shape, texture, and angularity characteristics of aggregates used in hot-mix asphalt, hydraulic cement concrete, and unbound base and subbase layers of pavements. Appendixes for the report were published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 80"--Publisher's description.
Author: Carlos Chastre Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031058755 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
The book presents the recent advances on testing and experimentation in civil engineering, especially in the branches of geotechnics, transportation, hydraulics, and natural resources. It includes advances in physical modelling, monitoring techniques, data acquisition and analysis, and provides an invaluable contribution for the installation of new civil engineering experimental facilities. The first part of the book covers the latest advances in testing and experimentation in key domains of geotechnics: soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, rock mechanics and rock engineering, and engineering geology. Some of the topics covered include new developments in topographic survey acquisition for applied mapping and in situ geotechnical investigations; laboratory and in situ tests to estimate the relevant parameters needed to model the behaviour of rock masses and land structures; monitoring and inspection techniques designed for offshore wind foundations. The second part of the book highlights the relevance of testing and monitoring in transportation. Full-scale accelerated pavement testing, and instrumentation becomes even more important nowadays when, for sustainability purposes, non-traditional materials are used in road and airfield pavements. Innovation in testing and monitoring pavements and railway tracks is also developed in this part of the book. Intelligent traffic systems are the new traffic management paradigm, and an overview of new solutions is addressed here. Finally, in the third part of the book, trends in the field and laboratory measurements and corresponding data analysis are presented according to the different hydraulic domains addressed in this publication, namely maritime hydraulics, surface water and river hydraulics and urban water.
Author: Andreas Loizos Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351585797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 364
Book Description
Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields includes the contributions to the 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (BCRRA 2017, 28-30 June 2017, Athens, Greece). The papers cover aspects related to materials, laboratory testing, design, construction, maintenance and management systems of transport infrastructure, and focus on roads, railways and airfields. Additional aspects that concern new materials and characterization, alternative rehabilitation techniques, technological advances as well as pavement and railway track substructure sustainability are included. The contributions discuss new concepts and innovative solutions, and are concentrated but not limited on the following topics: · Unbound aggregate materials and soil properties · Bound materials characteritics, mechanical properties and testing · Effect of traffic loading · In-situ measurements techniques and monitoring · Structural evaluation · Pavement serviceability condition · Rehabilitation and maintenance issues · Geophysical assessment · Stabilization and reinforcement · Performance modeling · Environmental challenges · Life cycle assessment and sustainability Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields is essential reading for academics and professionals involved or interested in transport infrastructure systems, in particular roads, railways and airfields.
Author: Gregory Allen Swift Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aggregates (Building materials) Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"This thesis involves a comparative analysis between well-established physically performed measurements for coarse aggregate and an image-based system. A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing on the importance of aggregate shape and how it is measured. In addition, state of the art in image-based aggregate measurement was reviewed along with the impacts and difficulties of an image-based methodology. Physical testing, consisting of Uncompacted Void Content, Index of Particle Shape and Texture (Compacted Voids), and Percent of Fractured Particles (fractured face or crush counts), was performed on aggregate control samples prior to testing on bulk aggregate samples. All aggregate samples were then tested with the WipShape imaging system to obtain Minimum Average Curve Radius measurement data. Finally, the results of physical testing and Minimum Average Curve Radius measurements were analyzed to determine if correlations exist between the different methods"--Introduction, leaves 2-3
Author: Douglas M. Marshall Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 113802693X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 1944
Book Description
The proliferation of technological capability, miniaturization, and demand for aerial intelligence is pushing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into the realm of a multi-billion dollar industry. This book surveys the UAS landscape from history to future applications. It discusses commercial applications, integration into the national airspace system (NAS), System function, operational procedures, safety concerns, and a host of other relevant topics. The book is dynamic and well-illustrated with separate sections for terminology and web- based resources for further information.
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Author: Eyad Masad
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Author: C. Rao
Author: Hervé Di Benedetto
Author: Eyad Masad
Author: Carlos Chastre
Author: Andreas Loizos
Author: Gregory Allen Swift
Author: Douglas M. Marshall