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Author: Ms.Suzanne Flynn Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1475521758 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
This technical note and manual (TNM) explains what accrual accounting means for the public sector and discusses current trends in moving from cash to accrual accounting. It outlines factors governments should consider in preparing for the move and sequencing of the transition. The note recognizes that governments considering accounting reforms will have different starting points across the public sector, different objectives, and varying coverage of the existing financial statements, it therefore recommends that governments consider each of these, and the materiality of stocks, flows and entities outside of government accounts when planning reforms and design the sequencing and stages involved accordingly. Building on international experiences, the note proposes four possible phases for progressively increasing the financial operations reported in the balance sheet and operating statement, with the ultimate aim of including all institutional units under the effective control of government in fiscal reports.
Author: Ms.Suzanne Flynn Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1475521758 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 59
Book Description
This technical note and manual (TNM) explains what accrual accounting means for the public sector and discusses current trends in moving from cash to accrual accounting. It outlines factors governments should consider in preparing for the move and sequencing of the transition. The note recognizes that governments considering accounting reforms will have different starting points across the public sector, different objectives, and varying coverage of the existing financial statements, it therefore recommends that governments consider each of these, and the materiality of stocks, flows and entities outside of government accounts when planning reforms and design the sequencing and stages involved accordingly. Building on international experiences, the note proposes four possible phases for progressively increasing the financial operations reported in the balance sheet and operating statement, with the ultimate aim of including all institutional units under the effective control of government in fiscal reports.
Author: Richard Moses Frankel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0197680763 Category : Accounting Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
"In today's complex business landscape, understanding the economic roles of accounting is essential. The Economics of Accounting demystifies the subject in an eye-opening exploration of how accounting plays a vital role in driving business efficiency and creating value. Internally, accounting information acts as a linchpin, making contracts more effective and aiding managerial decisions when market prices are unavailable. By providing valuable insights, accounting helps bridge information gaps, enabling price discovery and reducing trading costs in capital market transactions. Throughout the book, our primary measure of efficiency is shareholder value. However, we also delve into discussions on regulatory, social, and contract efficiency. It's important to note that shareholder value maximization and stakeholder protection are not conflicting objectives. In fact, accounting information plays a pivotal role in fostering firms' commitment to stakeholder protection, leading to increased value creation for shareholders. Engaging and accessible, this book will enlighten readers on the transformative power of accounting in today's business landscape"--
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444638687 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
Climate Change Impacts on Soil Processes and Ecosystem Properties, Volume 35, presents current and emerging soil science research in the areas of soil processes and climate change, while also evaluating future research needs. The book combines the five areas of soil science (microbiology, physics, fertility, pedology and chemistry) to give a comprehensive assessment. This integration of topics is rarely done in a single publication due to the disciplinary nature of the soil science areas. Users will find it to be a comprehensive resource on the topic. - Provides an analysis of all areas of soil science in the context of climate change impact on soil processes and ecosystem properties - Presents information that is displayed in an accessible form for practitioners and disciplines outside of soil science - Contains a concluding section in each chapter which assesses key areas - Includes a discussion on future research directions
Author: Jennifer Francis Publisher: Now Publishers Inc ISBN: 1601981147 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 97
Book Description
This review lays out a research perspective on earnings quality. We provide an overview of alternative definitions and measures of earnings quality and a discussion of research design choices encountered in earnings quality research. Throughout, we focus on a capital markets setting, as opposed, for example, to a contracting or stewardship setting. Our reason for this choice stems from the view that the capital market uses of accounting information are fundamental, in the sense of providing a basis for other uses, such as stewardship. Because resource allocations are ex ante decisions while contracting/stewardship assessments are ex post evaluations of outcomes, evidence on whether, how and to what degree earnings quality influences capital market resource allocation decisions is fundamental to understanding why and how accounting matters to investors and others, including those charged with stewardship responsibilities. Demonstrating a link between earnings quality and, for example, the costs of equity and debt capital implies a basic economic role in capital allocation decisions for accounting information; this role has only recently been documented in the accounting literature. We focus on how the precision of financial information in capturing one or more underlying valuation-relevant constructs affects the assessment and use of that information by capital market participants. We emphasize that the choice of constructs to be measured is typically contextual. Our main focus is on the precision of earnings, which we view as a summary indicator of the overall quality of financial reporting. Our intent in discussing research that evaluates the capital market effects of earnings quality is both to stimulate further research in this area and to encourage research on related topics, including, for example, the role of earnings quality in contracting and stewardship.
Author: Asma Salman Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789842794 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 133
Book Description
Accounting is both an art and science, which governs the communication and processing of the financial information in an organization. Technological advancement is helping the accountants to monitor financial performance in real time. This presents both opportunities and challenges for the current day organizations and accounting professionals alike. This book shows many different aspects to the same accounting principles but from a cross-cultural perspective. The diversity of the authors who contributed to this book signify the importance of accounting from various dimensions while ensuring that standards are adhered to, and principles are followed and applied. This book intends to feature the journey from the double-entry bookkeeping developed in medieval Europe to the changing dynamics of accounting. It is divided into five main sections: The Matching Principle, Ethics in Accounting, Insurance Contracts, Green Accounting, and Financial Instruments.
Author: Peter O. Christensen Publisher: Now Publishers Inc ISBN: 1601982720 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
We review and critically examine the standard approach to equity valuation using a constant risk-adjusted cost of capital, and we develop a new valuation approach discounting risk-adjusted fundamentals, such as expected free cash flows and residual operating income, using nominal zero-coupon interest rates. We show that standard estimates of the cost of capital, based on historical stock returns, are likely to be a significantly biased measure of the firm's cost of capital, but also that the bias is almost impossible to quantify empirically. The new approach recognizes that, in practice, interest rates, expected equity returns, and inflation rates are all stochastic. We explicitly characterize the risk-adjustments to the fundamentals in an equilibrium setting. We show how the term structure of risk-adjustments depends on both the time-series properties of the free cash flows and the accounting policy. Growth, persistence, and mean reversion of residual operating income created by competition in the product markets or by the accounting policy are key determinants of the term structure of risk-adjustments.
Author: Joshua Ronen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387257713 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Author: Bianca Ahrens Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 3899369211 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
In his speech from 1998 the former chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Arthur Levitt pointed out that trust "is the bedrock of our capital markets" and that this must not be shaken by the erosion of earnings quality. He made clear that it is the challenge of the whole financial community to counteract such a development. This thesis deals with the question whether the importance of earnings for the capital market varies with its quality. The question arises, because in recent years a large number of firm scandals has shaken the trust in the reliability of reported earnings. In order to properly address the research questions, the literature on earnings quality definitions, quality measures as well as implications of earnings quality on capital markets is reviewed and critically discussed. The author investigates whether well known results concerning capital market implications of earnings quality remain stable for all measures considered. She answers the question of how earnings quality affects firm value, cost of equity capital, and the accuracy of analysts' forecasts taking into account the effects of determinants of earnings quality.
Author: Ms.Suzanne Flynn
Author: Ms.Suzanne Flynn
Author: Richard Moses Frankel
Author: 
Author: Jennifer Francis
Author: Sanjay Wikash Bissessur
Author: Asma Salman
Author: Peter O. Christensen
Author: Joshua Ronen
Author: Julius Shiskin
Author: Bianca Ahrens