Book Description
Ces derniers années ont vu le développement de nombreux travaux de recherche portant sur la modélisation du comportement des matériaux granulaires à partir d'approches de type micromécanique. Ces approches doivent permettre de relier deux échelles à priori bien distinctes : celle du grain et des contacts, et celle du milieu granulaire dans son ensemble. Elles cherchent ainsi à décrire, contrairement aux modèles phénoménologiques, le comportement des matériaux granulaires à partir de considérations simples sur la physique du contact interparticulaire. L'objectif principal de cette étude est l'amélioration de ces modélisations en realisant une analyse de certains phénomènes locaux, généralement négligés dans les modélisations actuelles. Pour mener à bien ces travaux, deux types d'approches ont été utilisés : - une approche théorique, par homogénéisation statistique fondée principalement sur la variable orientation du contact ; - une approche numérique, par utilisation d'un code de calcul basé sur la méthode des éléments discrets (PFC2D). Ces deux approches, totalement complémentaires, ont été la clé de voûte de ce travail de recherche, par une comparaison continuelle de celles-ci. Ce travail vise à analyser et améliorer trois axes de l'approche micromécanique : - la cinématique des matériaux granulaires, avec pour objectif l'étude des liens entre les cinématiques locales (roulement, glissement et déplacement des particules qui ne sont pas en contact) et le tenseur de déformation ; - l'influence des couples de contact sur le comportement microscopique et macroscopique, ainsi que l'intérêt de leur prise en compte dans les modélisations micromécaniques ; - l'étude de la rupture des milieux granulaires cimentés, avec pour objectif la détermination des propriétés macroscopiques de rupture, à partir des paramètres du comportement microscopique.
Author: Tarek I. Zohdi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540323600 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
In this, its second corrected printing, Zohdi and Wriggers’ illuminating text presents a comprehensive introduction to the subject. The authors include in their scope basic homogenization theory, microstructural optimization and multifield analysis of heterogeneous materials. This volume is ideal for researchers and engineers, and can be used in a first-year course for graduate students with an interest in the computational micromechanical analysis of new materials.
Book Description
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Author: Linda Strande Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404735 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: Hermann Schlichting (Deceased) Publisher: Springer ISBN: 366252919X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 814
Book Description
This new edition of the near-legendary textbook by Schlichting and revised by Gersten presents a comprehensive overview of boundary-layer theory and its application to all areas of fluid mechanics, with particular emphasis on the flow past bodies (e.g. aircraft aerodynamics). The new edition features an updated reference list and over 100 additional changes throughout the book, reflecting the latest advances on the subject.
Author: Hans-Georg Kempfert Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540328955 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
The book reviews recent developments and research results on excavations and foundations found in and on soft soil deposits. It gives an overview of the material properties of soft soils and offers new foundation improvement techniques in road and railways. It also examines different types of foundations and stabilization methods. The book will serve both practicing and research engineers in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Author: Fabien Anselmet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119178398 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 529
Book Description
This didactic book presents the main elements of acoustics, aeroacoustics and vibrations. Illustrated with numerous concrete examples linked to solid and fluid continua, Acoustics, Aeroacoustics and Vibrations proposes a selection of applications encountered in the three fields, whether in room acoustics, transport, energy production systems or environmental problems. Theoretical approaches enable us to analyze the different processes in play. Typical results, mostly from numerical simulations, are used to illustrate the main phenomena (fluid acoustics, radiation, diffraction, vibroacoustics, etc.).
Author: Olivier Pluchery Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1800613415 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
What is a plasmon? Is it a particle, like a photon or a wave? Plasmonics stands at the frontier of condensed matter physics, which is the world of electrons, optics and of photons. Plasmonics is one of the most active fields in nanophotonics. This book begins by exploring the concepts behind waves, and the electromagnetic description of light when it interacts with metals; it dedicates every chapter thereafter to all aspects of plasmonics. In particular, the surface plasmon polariton wave is explained in full detail, as well as the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles. The active research area opened by plasmonics, as well as its applications, are also briefly explained, such as advanced biosensing, subwavelength waveguiding, quantum plasmonics, nanoparticle-based cancer therapies, optical nano-antenna and high-efficiency photovoltaic cells.The book is adapted for graduate students and places a special emphasis on providing complete explanations of the fundamental concepts of plasmonics. Further, each of these concepts is illustrated with examples drawn from the most recent scientific literature. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises that will help the reader revise the concepts and go deeper into the world of plasmonics. More than 70 exercises are included.
Author: David J. Quesnel Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9789056997250 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
Whenever a curved surface interacts with another surface, the principles of adhesion are at work. From the cells in your body to the dust on your glasses, intermolecular forces cause materials to attract one another. Elastic deformations resulting from these adhesive interactions store strain that can be liberated during particle detachment. Time dependent changes in adhesion can result from plastic deformation that both increases the real effective contact area and reduces the stored energy available to assist in particle removal. Processes such as these, based on the fundamentals tenets of particle adhesion, are now finding applications across many disciplines leading to a rich and rapid development of knowledge. This book documents the use of particle adhesion concepts in a variety of disciplines. Fields as varied as the cleaning of semiconductors, to the controlling of cancer metastasis, to the abatement of environmental pollution all benefit from applications of particle adhesion concepts.
Author: Fabian Dedecker
Author: Tarek I. Zohdi
Author: Leslie Rainer
Author: J. Belle
Author: Linda Strande
Author: Hermann Schlichting (Deceased)
Author: Hans-Georg Kempfert
Author: Fabien Anselmet
Author: Olivier Pluchery
Author: David J. Quesnel