CFD Modelling and Investigation of Two-stroke Dual-fuel Marine Engines with High Pressure Gas Admission PDF Download
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Author: Renyou Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Due to their durability, cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, the large two-stroke marine engines are widely used by the merchant ships. However, as the conventional two-stroke diesel engines suffer from the high pollutants emissions, the dual fuel versions burning natural gas and pilot fuel to initiate combustion is an alternative, which can considerably reduce the engine environmental footprint. The application of the high pressure and direct injection of the natural gas can remarkably benefit the emissions. In order to understand in-depth the full-cycle operating processes in a two-stroke dual fuel marine engine with high-pressure gas direct injection, the related CFD models were customized and developed by the use of ANSYS Fluent, and validated by employing available experimental data. Subsequently, the parametric investigation of the dual fuel injection was conducted and the recommended sets of design parameters are identified. Furthermore, the internal processes in the whole cycle of the engine dual fuel and the diesel operating mode were analysed and compared.The spray process of the liquid/pilot fuel was modelled and validated by the available experimental data, taking into account the variable Thermophysical liquid fuel properties with the ambient conditions. Aiming to develop the models for the high-pressure gas injection, the conserving-equation sources approach was developed, considering the effects of the barrel-shaped shocks patterns near the nozzle exit. The derived CFD models were validated by the published measured penetrations of nitrogen injection under two pressure ratios values.As the diffusion flame dominates in the high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) gas combustion, the non-premixed dual fuel combustion model was developed, in which the pilot fuel combustion was treated as the ignition kernel. Based on the measurements in the rapid compression and expansion machine (RCEM), the derived heat release rate (HRR) and the NO emission was used to validate the CFD results. By comparing the results of the two investigated non-premixed combustion models, the steady flamelet diffusion model was recommended, where the reaction rates of Hanson and Salimian (1984) for the extended Zeldvich mechanism were applied.In order to determine the injection and geometric parameters of dual fuel operation in the marine engine S60ME, the parametric research of HPDI, combustion processes was conducted with the aim to maintain the power level and reduce the NO and CO2 emissions. The investigated parameters included the dual fuel injection timing, the gas injection duration, the lateral angle of gas nozzle, the holes number of gas injector, and the different inclination angle for each gas hole.Based on the results of the conducted parametric study, the dual fuel design parameters for the marine engine S60ME were recommended. By using the developed dual fuel combustion models, the whole-cycle processes in the large two-stroke marine dual fuel engine were investigated, by comparing the diesel model operating mode. The results indicated that the NO and CO2 emissions for the dual fuel mode were lower than that of the diesel mode by 31% and 21% respectively. The diffusion flame for the diesel mode was located downstream the liquid vapour plumes, whilst the dual fuel mode exhibited the high-temperature flame in the vicinity of the stoichiometric surface of the gas plumes. Moreover, the diesel mode achieved the higher flame temperature than the dual fuel mode. Due to the lower carbon dioxide (CO2) for the duel fuel combustion, the scavenging efficiency for the dual fuel mode was 4.2% higher than that of the diesel mode.
Author: Renyou Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Due to their durability, cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, the large two-stroke marine engines are widely used by the merchant ships. However, as the conventional two-stroke diesel engines suffer from the high pollutants emissions, the dual fuel versions burning natural gas and pilot fuel to initiate combustion is an alternative, which can considerably reduce the engine environmental footprint. The application of the high pressure and direct injection of the natural gas can remarkably benefit the emissions. In order to understand in-depth the full-cycle operating processes in a two-stroke dual fuel marine engine with high-pressure gas direct injection, the related CFD models were customized and developed by the use of ANSYS Fluent, and validated by employing available experimental data. Subsequently, the parametric investigation of the dual fuel injection was conducted and the recommended sets of design parameters are identified. Furthermore, the internal processes in the whole cycle of the engine dual fuel and the diesel operating mode were analysed and compared.The spray process of the liquid/pilot fuel was modelled and validated by the available experimental data, taking into account the variable Thermophysical liquid fuel properties with the ambient conditions. Aiming to develop the models for the high-pressure gas injection, the conserving-equation sources approach was developed, considering the effects of the barrel-shaped shocks patterns near the nozzle exit. The derived CFD models were validated by the published measured penetrations of nitrogen injection under two pressure ratios values.As the diffusion flame dominates in the high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) gas combustion, the non-premixed dual fuel combustion model was developed, in which the pilot fuel combustion was treated as the ignition kernel. Based on the measurements in the rapid compression and expansion machine (RCEM), the derived heat release rate (HRR) and the NO emission was used to validate the CFD results. By comparing the results of the two investigated non-premixed combustion models, the steady flamelet diffusion model was recommended, where the reaction rates of Hanson and Salimian (1984) for the extended Zeldvich mechanism were applied.In order to determine the injection and geometric parameters of dual fuel operation in the marine engine S60ME, the parametric research of HPDI, combustion processes was conducted with the aim to maintain the power level and reduce the NO and CO2 emissions. The investigated parameters included the dual fuel injection timing, the gas injection duration, the lateral angle of gas nozzle, the holes number of gas injector, and the different inclination angle for each gas hole.Based on the results of the conducted parametric study, the dual fuel design parameters for the marine engine S60ME were recommended. By using the developed dual fuel combustion models, the whole-cycle processes in the large two-stroke marine dual fuel engine were investigated, by comparing the diesel model operating mode. The results indicated that the NO and CO2 emissions for the dual fuel mode were lower than that of the diesel mode by 31% and 21% respectively. The diffusion flame for the diesel mode was located downstream the liquid vapour plumes, whilst the dual fuel mode exhibited the high-temperature flame in the vicinity of the stoichiometric surface of the gas plumes. Moreover, the diesel mode achieved the higher flame temperature than the dual fuel mode. Due to the lower carbon dioxide (CO2) for the duel fuel combustion, the scavenging efficiency for the dual fuel mode was 4.2% higher than that of the diesel mode.
Author: Xavier Llamas Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN: 9176853683 Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
The international marine shipping industry is responsible for the transport of around 90% of the total world trade. Low-speed two-stroke diesel engines usually propel the largest trading ships. This engine type choice is mainly motivated by its high fuel efficiency and the capacity to burn cheap low-quality fuels. To reduce the marine freight impact on the environment, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced stricter limits on the engine pollutant emissions. One of these new restrictions, named Tier III, sets the maximum NOx emissions permitted. New emission reduction technologies have to be developed to fulfill the Tier III limits on two-stroke engines since adjusting the engine combustion alone is not sufficient. There are several promising technologies to achieve the required NOx reductions, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is one of them. For automotive applications, EGR is a mature technology, and many of the research findings can be used directly in marine applications. However, there are some differences in marine two-stroke engines, which require further development to apply and control EGR. The number of available engines for testing EGR controllers on ships and test beds is low due to the recent introduction of EGR. Hence, engine simulation models are a good alternative for developing controllers, and many different engine loading scenarios can be simulated without the high costs of running real engine tests. The primary focus of this thesis is the development and validation of models for two-stroke marine engines with EGR. The modeling follows a Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) approach, which has a low computational complexity and permits faster than real-time simulations suitable for controller testing. A parameterization process that deals with the low measurement data availability, compared to the available data on automotive engines, is also investigated and described. As a result, the proposed model is parameterized to two different two-stroke engines showing a good agreement with the measurements in both stationary and dynamic conditions. Several engine components have been developed. One of these is a new analytic in-cylinder pressure model that captures the influence of the injection and exhaust valve timings without increasing the simulation time. A new compressor model that can extrapolate to low speeds and pressure ratios in a physically sound way is also described. This compressor model is a requirement to be able to simulate low engine loads. Moreover, a novel parameterization algorithm is shown to handle well the model nonlinearities and to obtain a good model agreement with a large number of tested compressor maps. Furthermore, the engine model is complemented with dynamic models for ship and propeller to be able to simulate transient sailing scenarios, where good EGR controller performance is crucial. The model is used to identify the low load area as the most challenging for the controller performance, due to the slower engine air path dynamics. Further low load simulations indicate that sensor bias can be problematic and lead to an undesired black smoke formation, while errors in the parameters of the controller flow estimators are not as critical. This result is valuable because for a newly built engine a proper sensor setup is more straightforward to verify than to get the right parameters for the flow estimators.
Author: Miguel Torres García Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3036513329 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.
Author: Marco Chiodi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3834881317 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
In the engine development process, simulation and predictive programs have continuously gained in reliance. Due to the complexity of future internal combustion engines the application of simulation programs towards a reliable “virtual engine development” is a need that represents one of the greatest challenges. Marco Chiodi presents an innovative 3D-CFD-tool, exclusively dedicated and optimized for the simulation of internal combustion engines. Thanks to improved or newly developed 3D-CFD-models for the description of engine processes, this tool ensures an efficient and reliable calculation also by using coarse 3D-CFD-meshes. Based on this approach the CPU-time can be reduced up to a factor 100 in comparison to traditional 3D-CFD-simulations. In addition an integrated and automatic “evaluation tool” establishes a comprehensive analysis of the relevant engine parameters. Due to the capability of a reliable “virtual development” of full-engines, this fast response 3D-CFD-tool makes a major contribution to the engine development process. Südwestmetall-Förderpreis 2010
Author: Malcolm Latarche Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0081027850 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 958
Book Description
Pounder’s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, Tenth Edition, gives engineering cadets, marine engineers, ship operators and managers insights into currently available engines and auxiliary equipment and trends for the future. This new edition introduces new engine models that will be most commonly installed in ships over the next decade, as well as the latest legislation and pollutant emissions procedures. Since publication of the last edition in 2009, a number of emission control areas (ECAs) have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in which exhaust emissions are subject to even more stringent controls. In addition, there are now rules that affect new ships and their emission of CO2 measured as a product of cargo carried. Provides the latest emission control technologies, such as SCR and water scrubbers Contains complete updates of legislation and pollutant emission procedures Includes the latest emission control technologies and expands upon remote monitoring and control of engines
Author: Gordon Blair Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768025168 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 656
Book Description
Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines is a unique hands-on information source. The author, having designed and developed many two-stroke engines, offers practical and empirical assistance to the engine designer on many topics ranging from porting layout, to combustion chamber profile, to tuned exhaust pipes. The information presented extends from the most fundamental theory to pragmatic design, development, and experimental testing issues. Chapters cover: Introduction to the Two-Stroke Engine Combustion in Two-Stroke Engines Computer Modeling of Engines Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions Reduction of Noise Emission from Two-Stroke Engines and more
Author: Ievgen Bilousov Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030497496 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive and timely overview of internal combustion engines for use in marine environments. It reviews the development of modern four-stroke marine engines, gas and gas–diesel engines and low-speed two-stroke crosshead engines, describing their application areas and providing readers with a useful snapshot of their technical features, e.g. their dimensions, weights, cylinder arrangements, cylinder capabilities, rotation speeds, and exhaust gas temperatures. For each marine engine, information is provided on the manufacturer, historical background, development and technical characteristics of the manufacturer’s most popular models, and detailed drawings of the engine, depicting its main design features. This book offers a unique, self-contained reference guide for engineers and professionals involved in shipbuilding. At the same time, it is intended to support students at maritime academies and university students in naval architecture/marine engineering with their design projects at both master and graduate levels, thus filling an important gap in the literature.
Author: Renyou Yang
Author: Renyou Yang
Author: Xavier Llamas
Author: D. K. Singh
Author: Lei Luo
Author: Miguel Torres García
Author: Marco Chiodi
Author: 
Author: Malcolm Latarche
Author: Gordon Blair
Author: Ievgen Bilousov