Central Sound Encoding in the Inferior Colliculus of Mouse Models for Human Auditory Synaptopathy and Neuropathy PDF Download

Author: Maike Pelgrim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Auditory neuropathy and auditory synaptopathy are hearing disorders with normal outer hair cell function and cochlear amplification, but an impairment in the function of inner hair cells, their ribbon synapses, or in the spiral ganglion neurons and neurons of the auditory pathway, respectively. In order to better understand the disease mechanisms, we analyzed central sound encoding in the inferior colliculus, the main auditory nucleus of the midbrain. We performed electrophysiological in vivo single unit recordings from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in three strains of muta...

Author: Iman Bahader
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Auditory synaptopathy in humans is characterized by poor speech perception especially in noisy environments despite of preserved active cochlear amplification. The ABR of affected patients is absent or shows a significant reduction of wave I amplitude caused by abnormal function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Here, I characterized auditory function in mouse models of auditory synaptopathy by comparing electrophysiological (ABR, ASSR, and DPOAE) and behavioral experiments (acoustic startle reflexes, operant conditioning in the shuttle box and Intellicage). The best behavioral results we...

Author: Golbarg Mehraei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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Book Description
Communication in environments with multiple competing sound sources can be challenging, even for listeners with normal hearing thresholds (NHT). This difficulty in "normal" listeners is thought to arise from central sites of the auditory system with the assumption that sound encoding at the auditory nerve (AN) is robust. Despite this assumption, growing evidence from animal and human studies suggests that acoustic exposure, too modest to elevate hearing thresholds, can nonetheless cause "hidden hearing loss" that interferes with coding of supra-threshold sound. In animal studies, such noise exposure leads to cochlear synaptopathy (death of auditory nerve fibers or ANFs); however, there is no clinical test of synaptopathy in humans. In animals, synaptopathy reduces the amplitude of auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave-I. Unfortunately, ABR wave-I is difficult to measure in humans, limiting its clinical use. Here, using behavioral, otoacoustic, and electrophysiological measures in humans and mice in conjunction with computational models of sound processing by the auditory periphery and brainstem, we show that the effect of masking noise on the latency of the more robust ABR wave-V mirrors changes in ABR wave-I amplitude. In our human cohort, the effect of noise on wave-V latency predicts perceptual temporal sensitivity. Further, we show evidence that ABR wave-V latency in forward masking may be affected by ANF loss and is predictive of a listener's performance in a perceptual task related to speech intelligibility in noise. Our results suggest that measures of the effects of masking on ABR wave-V latency can be used to diagnose ANF survival in humans.

Author: Nina Kraus
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331947944X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description
This volume will cover a variety of topics, including child language development; hearing loss; listening in noise; statistical learning; poverty; auditory processing disorder; cochlear neuropathy; attention; and aging. It will appeal broadly to auditory scientists—and in fact, any scientist interested in the biology of human communication and learning. The range of the book highlights the interdisciplinary series of questions that are pursued using the auditory frequency-following response and will accordingly attract a wide and diverse readership, while remaining a lasting resource for the field.

Author: Ray Meddis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441959343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Book Description
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The v- umes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in pe- reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beg- ning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.

Author: Achim Schilling
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832537561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description

Author: Josef Syka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468413007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Book Description
Since the last symposium on "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" held in Prague in 1980 and published in the volume of the same name (J. Syka and L. Aitkin, Eds. , Plenum Press, 1981), remarkable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the auditory system. A variety of new ideas and new methods have emerged. This progress can be easily documented by comparing the volume based on the 1980 Symposium with the program for the 1987 Symposium. For example, there were 45 contributions to auditory physiology in each symposium but there were 27 contributions focusing on anatomy in 1987 as compared to 7 in 1980, and perhaps most telling, there were 12 contributions to the neurochemistry of the system in 1987 while there were only 3 in 1980. In terms of percentages of contributions, neuroanatomy rose from 13% to 32% and neurochemistry (or chemical anatomy) rose from 5% in 1980 to 14% in 1987. These increases in the numbers and proportions of anatomical and neurochemical contributions undoubtedly reflects the increasing availabil ity and rising expertise in the new neuroanatomica1 and biochemical techniques most notably, tract-tracing by exploitation of axonal transport or by intracellular micro-injection methods, and neurotransmitter identifi cation by use of immunocytochemistry or receptor-binding techniques. New ideas have emerged on the function of cochlear hair cells particularly in connection with olivococh1ear bundle stimulation and supported by findings of contractile proteins in outer hair cells.

Author: Huawei Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811361231
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
This book systematically discusses the pathogenesis, prevention, and the current and potential clinical treatment of hearing loss, as well as the latest advances in hearing research. Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory disorder, which according to a 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) report affected 9% of the global population in 2015. As populations continue to age, more and more people are suffering from the condition, with 60% of those aged between 65 and 75 affected. Hearing loss seriously affects patients’ ability to work ability and quality of life, and as such deafness has become an increasingly urgent social problem around the globe. Sensorineural hearing loss is mainly caused by damage to the hair cells (HCs), and the subsequent loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Damage to the HCs in the inner ear can result from exposure to loud noises and environmental and chemical toxins as well as genetic disorders, aging, and certain medications. This book provides ENT specialists and researchers, as well as individuals affected a comprehensive introduction to the field of hearing loss.

Author: Josef Miller
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319134736
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Book Description
This comprehensive volume examines the current state of free radical biology and its impact on otology, laryngology, and head and neck function. The chapters collectively highlight the interrelationship of basic and translational studies in each area, define the challenges to translation, and identify the existing basic issues that demand investigation as well as the opportunities for novel intervention to prevent and treat ENT pathology and impairment. In each chapter, or in some cases pairs of chapters, the author(s) have included or married issues of basic research with translational challenges and research, thus defining the pathway by which new basic insights may lead to interventions to prevent or treat impairment. The final chapter of this book reflects a meeting of all the contributors, culminating in a discussion and “white paper” that identifies the challenges to the field and defines the studies and collaborations that may lead to improved understanding of free radical biology in ENT and, subsequently, new interventions to medically treat ENT pathology.

Author: Colleen G. Le Prell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441995234
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377

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Book Description
Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.