Central America, International Dimensions of the Crisis PDF Download

Author: Richard E. Feinberg
Publisher: New York : Holmes & Meier
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author: Joana Silva
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464816913
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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Book Description
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: •Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; •Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and •Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.

Author: Sebastian Edwards
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780195211054
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 380

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This work provides a thorough analytical review of the processes that led to the transformation of many Latin American economies during the last decade. The author examines every aspect of adjustment and reform since 1980 and suggests alternative ways to consolidate the achievements.

Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004271074
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399

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Since the late-1990s much of Latin America has experienced an uneven and contradictory turn to the Left in the electoral arena. At the same time, there has been a rejuvenation of Marxist critiques of political economy. Drawing on the expertise of Latin American, North American, and European scholars, this volume offers cutting-edge theoretical explorations of trends in the region, as well as in-depth case studies of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela. Essays in the volume focus on changes to class formation in Latin America and offer new insights into the state-form, exploring the complex relationship between state and market in contexts of late capitalist development, particularly in countries endowed with incredible natural resource wealth. Contributors are: Dario Azzellini, Emilia Castorina, Mariano Féliz, Juan Grigera, Nicolas Grinberg, Gabriel Hetland, Claudio Katz, Thomas Purcell, Ben Selwyn, Susan J. Spronk, Guido Starosta, Leandro Vergara-Camus, and Jeffery R. Webber.

Author: Richard E. Feinberg
Publisher: New York : Holmes & Meier
ISBN: 9780841907386
Category : América Central - Política - 1979
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Author: Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 9781412827478
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 514

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Includes all state papers of Jeane J. Kirkpatrick as the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Features U.N. and congressional testimonies, addresses, speeches and statements on international affairs and human rights. Exemplifies Ronald Reagan's foreign policy.

Author: Ernest Van den Haag
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489959661
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Author: Nora Hamilton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 042972196X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265

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Book Description
In the early years of the recent Central American crisis, analysts often predicted a rapid, dramatic resolution—whether by revolutionary victory or through military intervention by the United States. The 1980s, however, have witnessed an intensification of conflicts with increasing U.S. involvement. Rather than standing at the brink of a sharp turning point, Central America is at an interim point in an evolving historical process. This text provides an assessment of this process and of its immediate and long-term implications for the region and for U.S.-Latin American relations. It focuses on the complex and contradictory effects of the Reagan administration's efforts to influence the Central American debate within the United States and to reestablish U.S. hegemony in the region itself. The first part of the book examines the development of various aspects of U.S. policy toward Central America. In particular, contributors discuss the interaction between the executive and legislative branches in shaping U.S. strategy, the implications for constitutional democracy of presidential control over foreign policymaking, the treatment of Central American refugees, the counterinsurgency strategy of "low intensity warfare," and the effects of U.S. policy on regional peace initiatives put forward by Mexico and other Latin American countries. In the second part, contributors analyze external pressures on Central American countries and regional dynamics. They begin with a discussion of the economic crisis—aggravated by conflicts in the region—and regional integration. Other topics include the ambiguous position of the Catholic church, Guatemala's "hidden war," "demonstration elections," the changing balance of forces in El Salvador, and the obstacles Nicaragua faces in constructing a new economic development model. Nora Hamilton is associate professor of political science and Linda Fuller is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Southern California. Jeffry A. Frie

Author: Rachel Garst
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 9780803260955
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
Examines United States food aid to Central America, and makes detailed recommendations for changes in its administration

Author: Jan L. Flora
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349197890
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
An examination of the background to conflicts in Central America through culture, politics and social conditions. It examines the obstacles to a transition to democracy, the political parties in the region, the role of export crops and the co-existence of indigenous and Spanish cultures.